Ubani uDokotela Ohlinzayo Ojwayelekile? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula!

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngo-'General Surgeon'. Noma mhlawumbe uke wahlangana nomunye wamalungu omndeni wakho noma abangani. Ungubani ngempela uGeneral Surgeon? Wenzani? Bahluke kanjani kwabanye odokotela? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu ngolimi olulula lwesiSinhala ongaluqonda.

Ngubani ngempela uDokotela Ohlinzayo Jikelele?

Kalula nje, udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile ungudokotela kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi angakwazi ukuxilonga izifo, azelaphe, futhi uma kudingeka, enze ukuhlinzwa. Into ekhethekile ukuthi laba bantu abagcini nje engxenyeni eyodwa yomzimba. Njengodokotela wethu womndeni, kodwa futhi bangenza ukuhlinzwa.

Isibonelo, abanye odokotela bangochwepheshe benhliziyo ('udokotela wenhliziyo') noma ubuchopho ('udokotela wezinzwa'). Kodwa udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile usebenza endaweni ebanzi kakhulu. Isibonelo, bangelapha izitho zakho zesisu ('izitho zesisu'), amathumba kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, noma ukulimala okuningi okuvela ezingozini ngesikhathi esisodwa. Yibo abadlala indima ebalulekile ekunakekeleni isiguli ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ('ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa'), ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ('ukuhlinzwa'), kanye nangemva kokuhlinzwa ('ngemuva kokuhlinzwa'). Ngokuvamile yibo abasebenza njengeqembu nabanye odokotela nabahlengikazi.

Ukuhlinzwa okuvamile kungenye yezindlela zokuhlinzwa eziyi-14 eziqashelwa yi-American College of Surgeons.

Yini elashwa udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile?

Ngishilo ngaphambili ukuthi udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile ufana "nodokotela womndeni ongakwazi nokuhlinzwa." Ngakho-ke belapha izimo ezahlukahlukene. Futhi, lezo zindlela zokwelapha zifaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile enomuzwa wokuthi akazethembi ngokuphelele ekwelapheni isimo esithile, uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe. Lokho futhi kungumthwalo wemfanelo wakhe.

Yiziphi izimo ezivamile eziphathwayo?

Nazi ezinye zezimo udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile avame ukuzelapha:

• Ukulimala okubuhlungu: Ake sithi belapha ukulimala okukhulu okubangelwe yingozi noma ukuwa ngesikhathi behamba emgwaqweni.
• Ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba: Lokhu kungaba ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa noma izimila ezikhula kamuva ekuphileni.
• Umdlavuza webele: Umdlavuza webele, ongenzeka kokubili kwabesilisa nabesifazane, welashwa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Izifo zepheshana eliphezulu le-GI:Lokho kusho izifo ezihlobene nomphimbo wethu, isisu, kanye namathumbu amancane. Isibonelo, uma izinto ezifana ne-gastritis ziba zimbi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze i-endoscopy noma ngisho nokuhlinzwa.
• Umgudu wenyongo: Lokhu kufaka phakathi inyongo, imisele yenyongo, i-pancreas, nesibindi. Amatshe enyongo avame ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa ngudokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile.
• Izimo ze-endocrine: Isibonelo, kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa ukwelapha izimila endlaleni ye-thyroid noma endlaleni ye-adrenal.
• Izimo zemithambo yegazi: Ziphinde zingenelele kwezinye izinkinga zemithambo yegazi.
• Ukugula okubucayi kanye nesifo esibulalayo: Ngezinye izikhathi bahileleka ekuhlinzweni okudingwa yiziguli ezisezindlini zokunakekelwa okujulile, noma kwezinye izinto ezenziwa ukunciphisa ubuhlungu beziguli ekupheleni kokuphila kwazo.

Uba kanjani uDokotela Ohlinzayo Jikelele?

Ukuba udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile akulula. Okokuqala, kufanele babe udokotela. Lokho kusho ukuthi kufanele bafunde iminyaka emine esikoleni sezokwelapha futhi bathole "iziqu zobudokotela". Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho beqala khona ukuqeqeshwa ukuze babe udokotela ohlinzayo.

Ukuze benze lokhu, kumele baqede uhlelo lokuhlala esibhedlela okungenani iminyaka emihlanu . Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kwenziwa ngendlela ehlukaniswa kancane kancane. Okusho ukuthi, ngemva kokuqeda unyaka owodwa ngempumelelo kuphela lapho befanelekela khona unyaka olandelayo.

Ngisho nangemva kokuqeda lolu qeqesho, kusadingeka baphumelele izivivinyo ezimbili zebhodi ukuze babe udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile oqinisekisiwe.

1. Okokuqala ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka . Lolu uvivinyo olubhaliwe olunemibuzo eminingi yokukhetha.

2. Kuphela ngemva kokuphasa lokhu lapho uzofaneleka khona ukubhala "isivivinyo sokuqinisekisa" . Lesi isivivinyo somlomo.

Kungemva kokudlula kokubili lokhu kuhlolwa lapho umuntu eqashelwa khona njengo "Certified General Surgeon." Ngakho cabanga ukuthi lokhu kudinga ukuzinikela nokusebenza kanzima okungakanani!

Yini efundwa udokotela ohlinzayo jikelele?

Udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile ufunda ngokujulile ngezingxenye eziyisishiyagalolunye eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa okuvamile ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwakhe. Lezi yizi:

• Umgudu wokugaya ukudla: Lokhu kubhekisela cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zesimiso sethu sokugaya ukudla.
• Izitho zesisu nezesinqe: Izitho ezingaphakathi kwesisu, njengesibindi, izinso, kanye ne-pancreas.
• Amabele, isikhumba kanye nezicubu ezithambile: Bafunda futhi ngezinto ezisebusweni bomzimba.
• Ikhanda nentamo:Futhi baphatha ezinye izimo ezenzeka kulezi zindawo.
• Uhlelo lwenhliziyo: Ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
• Uhlelo lwe-endocrine: Uhlelo lwezindlala ezikhiqiza ama-hormone.
• I-Oncology Yokuhlinzwa: Lokhu kusho ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ukulimala: Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulimala kwesistimu yemisipha, ukulimala ekhanda, kanye nokulimala kwezandla.
• Ukunakekelwa okubucayi kanye nokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo: Izinto ezifana nokuhlinzwa okusindisa impilo okudingeka zenziwe ngokushesha.

Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwabo, kumele bachithe okungenani iminyaka emine nesigamu eminyakeni emihlanu besebenza neziguli. Futhi okungenani iminyaka emithathu besebenza ezindaweni eziyisishiyagalolunye ezinkulu okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili. Abakwazi ukuqeqesha izinyanga ezingaphezu kwe-12 kuchwepheshe bokuhlinzwa okukodwa noma izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha kuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obungebona ukuhlinzwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kwabo kumele kube kubanzi kakhulu.

Wenzani uDokotela Omkhulu Ohlinzayo?

Uma udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile eqeda ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe futhi eya emsebenzini, ukuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa akwenza njalo kungahluka kuye ngesibhedlela asebenza kuso, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sisedolobheni elikhulu noma endaweni ekude kakhulu.

Cabanga nje, esibhedlela esikhulu, esinazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo, kungase kube nochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa abenza ukuhlinzwa okuthile. Isibonelo, udokotela ohlinza inhliziyo angenza ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, kanti udokotela ohlinza izinzwa angenza ukuhlinzwa kwemizwa. Kodwa-ke, esibhedlela lapho kungekho ochwepheshe abaningi khona, udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile kungadingeka enze eminingi yale misebenzi. Ngakho-ke, indima yabo ibaluleke kakhulu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokuhlinzwa ezivame kakhulu?

Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo zokuhlinzwa ongalindela ukuthi udokotela ohlinzayo azenze njalo:

• Ukuhlinzwa Okulwa Nokubuyela Emuva Kwesisu (i-Nissen fundoplication): Ukuhlinzwa kokuvimba i-asidi yesisu ukuthi ingangeni emphinjeni ngenxa yezimo ezifana ne-gastritis.
• Ukususwa kwesithasiselo (Ukususwa kwesithasiselo / Ukususwa kwesithasiselo): Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka (i-appendicitis) engxenyeni encane yomzimba ebizwa ngokuthi i-appendix, kuyasuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Bariatric (ukwehlisa isisindo): Ukuhlinzwa ukusiza abantu abakhuluphele kakhulu ukuba banciphise isisindo.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwebele: Ukuhlinzwa kwezimila zebele, njengomdlavuza webele.
• Ukuhlinzwa kokuhlola (i-Laparotomy noma i-Laparoscopy): Uma isifo singakwazi ukutholakala, umzimba uyavulwa noma kufakwe ikhamera ukuze kubhekwe ngaphakathi.
• Ukususwa kwenyongo (Cholecystectomy): Ukususwa kwenyongo lapho kuvela izinkinga ezifana namatshe enyongo.
• Ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa i-Hernia:Ukulungisa i-hernia (ukuphuma kwezingxenye zamathumbu endaweni ebuthakathaka odongeni lwesisu).
• Ukususwa kwe-prostate (i-prostatectomy): Ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa emadodeni ukwelapha izimo ezifana nomdlavuza we-prostate.
• Ukususwa kwe-spleen (i-Spleenectomy): I-spleen ingadinga ukususwa ngenxa yezifo ezithile zegazi kanye nezingozi.
• Ukususwa kwesibeletho (Hysterectomy): Ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ukwelapha izimo ezithile ezihlobene nesibeletho kwabesifazane.

Yiziphi izindlela zokuhlinzwa?

Kulezi zinsuku, odokotela abahlinzayo abajwayelekile baqeqeshwe ukusebenza ngobuchwepheshe bamuva (`amasu okuhlinzwa asizwa ubuchwepheshe`). Lokhu kusho ukuthi esikhundleni sokusebenzisa imicu emikhulu ngendlela yakudala, basebenzisa imicu emincane kanye nokuhlinzwa okusiza ngekhamera. Lezi zindlela zibangela ukungakhululeki okuncane esigulini futhi zingasisiza ukuthi selulame ngokushesha.

Kunezindlela ezintathu ngokuyinhloko:

1. I -Endoscopy

2. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Laparoscopic

3. Ukuhlinzwa kwerobhothi

Kuyini i-Endoscopy?

Lena inqubo engavamile kakhulu. I-Endoscopy inqubo evumela udokotela ohlinzayo ukuthi enze ukuhlinzwa okuncane emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokusika isikhumba noma izicubu zakho. Cabanga nje, basebenzisa amathuluzi amade, amancane. Lawa adlula ngepayipi elide, eliguquguqukayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope. Kolunye uhlangothi lwaleli payipi kunekhamera encane yevidiyo.

Le `endoscope` idluliselwa emphinjeni wakho (`i-endoscopy engenhla`) noma e-rectum (`i-colonoscopy`). Izithombe ezibonwa ngekhamera ziboniswa `esikrinini`. Udokotela usebenzisa la mathuluzi amancane ukwenza ukuhlinzwa ngenkathi ebuka isikrini.

Kalula nje, lokhu ukuhlolwa noma ukuhlinzwa okuncane okuhilela ukufaka ikhamera esiswini ngaphandle kokwenza noma yikuphi ukusikwa okukhulu.

Izinto ezivame kakhulu ezenziwa nge-endoscopy yilezi:

• Ukususwa kwama-polyp amancane noma izimila (i-polypectomy).
• Ukuthatha amasampula ezicubu ukuze ayohlolwa (i-biopsy).
• Ukusika nokukhulula imisipha eqinile (`myotomy`).

Kuyini ukuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic?

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Laparoscopic nakho kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa engadingi ukungenelela okuningi . Kulokhu, udokotela ohlinzayo ufinyelela izitho zakho zesisu ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezimbalwa ezincane "ze-keyhole", ezingaphansi kwengxenye yesentimitha ngobukhulu .

Ishubhu elifakwe ikhamera elibizwa ngokuthi i-laparoscope (nalo uhlobo lwe-endoscope) lifakwa ngomunye wemigodi bese kubhekwa ingaphakathi. Izithombe ezivela kukhamera ziboniswa esikrinini. Izinsimbi zokuhlinza ezinde nezincane bese zifakwa ngezinye imigodi bese ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngenkathi ubheka isikrini. Le ndlela ivumela isiguli ukuthi silulame ngokushesha futhi ishiye izibazi ezimbalwa.

Ukuhlinzwa okuvame kakhulu okwenziwa ngodokotela abahlinzayo abajwayelekile nge-laparoscopically yile:

• I-Appendectomy iyindlela yokuhlinzwa ye-appendicitis.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamatshe enyongo (i-Cholecystectomy).
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-gastric bypass kuyindlela yokunciphisa isisindo.

Kuyini ukuhlinzwa kwerobhothi?

Ukuhlinzwa kwerobhothi kuyindlela ethuthukisiwe yokuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic. Kusebenzisa i-laparoscope kanye namathuluzi amade, amancane adlula ezimbotsheni ezincane zokhiye. Umehluko ukuthi la mathuluzi alawulwa yizingalo zerobhothi.

Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi irobhothi lizokwenza ukuhlinzwa lodwa. Udokotela ohlinzayo usebenzisa ingalo yerobhothi esuka kukhonsoli yekhompyutha egumbini lokuhlinza. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlinzwa okunembile kakhulu nokubucayi. Odokotela abahlinzayo abajwayelekile bangafunda ngokuhlinzwa kwerobhothi ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwabo okuvamile, noma bangenza ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe (ubungane).

Uyini umehluko phakathi kodokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile nodokotela ojwayelekile?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Wonke udokotela ohlinzayo ungudokotela. Kodwa akuwona wonke udokotela ohlinzayo. Odokotela abahlinzayo ngabantu abangodokotela bese bethola ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kanye nesitifiketi sokwenza ukuhlinzwa. Kalula nje, ukuhlinzwa inqubo eyenziwa ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu, njengezitho zomzimba, izicubu, namathambo, ukwelapha ukulimala noma izifo.

Udokotela Ojwayelekile (noma Udokotela Wokunakekelwa Okuyinhloko - PCP) udokotela osebenzisa umuthi ojwayelekile, hhayi ochwepheshe. Ngokuvamile abenzi ukuhlinzwa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile ungudokotela okhethe ukugxila ekuhlinzeni. Abagcini nje ngochwepheshe bokuhlinzwa okukodwa, kodwa basebenza emkhakheni obanzi "wokuhlinzwa okuvamile."

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuba yi-Surgeon General?

Cabanga nje, ezweni elifana neMelika, kuthatha iminyaka emine ukuthola iziqu ze-bachelor's. Bese kuthatha eminye iminyaka emine ukuthola iziqu zezokwelapha. Bese kuthatha iminyaka emihlanu ukuthola indawo yokuhlala yokuhlinzwa. Lokho iminyaka eyi-13! Bese kuthatha isikhathi ukuphumelela lezo zivivinyo zebhodi engizikhulumile ekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ufunde okungenani iminyaka eyi-13 ukuze ube udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile. Akusikho yini ukuzibophezela okukhulu lokho?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kukaDokotela Ojwayelekile kanye noDokotela Ohlinzayo Wezingane?

Naleli iphuzu elibalulekile. Wonke udokotela ohlinzayo wezingane ungudokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile. Kodwa akuwona wonke udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile ongudokotela ohlinzayo wezingane.

Kalula nje, udokotela ohlinzayo wezingane ngumuntu oqeqeshwe njengodokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile wabe esethola ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile okwengeziwe kokwelapha izingane. Kufana nodokotela wezingane, kodwa lo dokotela angenza nokuhlinzwa.

Udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile ufana nodokotela ojwayelekile onamandla engeziwe. Lawo mandla yikhono lokwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene egumbini lokuhlinza.

Kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okuningi, ulwazi, kanye nekhono ukuze ube umuntu onjengalona. Kodwa umsebenzi owanelisayo kakhulu. Ngoba azikho izinsuku ezimbili ezifanayo. Kuhlala kukhona izinselele ezintsha, okuhlangenwe nakho okusha.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi usunomqondo omuhle ngodokotela ohlinzayo jikelele.

• Udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile ungudokotela ochwepheshe oqeqeshwe ukwenza ukuhlinzwa okuhlukahlukene. Akugcini nje engxenyeni eyodwa yomzimba.
• Zelapha izinto eziningi, njengezinkinga zesisu, izingozi, izimila zebele, kanye nama-hernia.
• Banakekela isiguli ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokuhlinzwa.
• Bangenza ukuhlinzwa besebenzisa amasu amasha njenge-'Endoscopy' kanye ne-'Laparoscopy', besebenzisa ukusikwa okuncane.
• Ukuba udokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile kudinga imfundo nokuqeqeshwa okubanzi.
• Uma udinga ukuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kudokotela ohlinzayo ojwayelekile. Ungakhathazeki, bakhona ukuzokusiza.

Uma uneminye imibuzo, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Hlala uphilile!

Udokotela Ohlinzayo, Udokotela Ohlinzayo Ojwayelekile, ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, ukuxilongwa, Udokotela Ohlinzayo Ojwayelekile