Ingabe uneqhubu elingajwayelekile emzimbeni wakho? Ingabe kungaba yiqhubu leseli legciwane? Ake sixoxe!

Wake wezwa nge-'Germ Cell Tumor'? Mhlawumbe igama lizwakala lithusa kancane, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalo ngendlela elula ongayiqonda. Ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zinto, ikakhulukazi njengoba ngezinye izikhathi zingakhula ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu abadala abasebasha.

Ziyini lezi zimila zamangqamuzana egciwane?

Kalula nje, isimila seseli legciwane siyisimila esikhula emangqamuzaneni ethu okuzala, esibizwa ngokuthi 'amangqamuzana egciwane'. Igama elithi "igciwane" lisho "ukuhluma" noma "ukuvuthwa." Manje, entombazaneni, lawa maseli egciwane kamuva azoba 'amaqanda'. Kumfana, lawa azoba 'isidoda'. Ngakho-ke, lawa mathumba eseli legciwane cishe akhula ezindaweni lapho kukhiqizwa khona amaqanda, okungukuthi 'ama-ovari', nalapho kukhiqizwa khona isidoda, okungukuthi 'amasende'.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimila zingakhula kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngaphandle kwama-ovari nama-testicles. Isibonelo, zingakhula ezindaweni ezifana nesisu, isifuba, umhlane ongezansi, ithambo lomsila kanye nobuchopho. Izimila ezikhula kwezinye izindawo ezinjengalezi zibizwa ngokuthi izimila ze-extragonadal . Okusho ukuthi, izimila ezikhula ngaphandle kwezindlala zokuzala.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, lezi zimila zamangqamuzana egciwane zivame ukubonakala ezinganeni ezincane, intsha kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha .

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zezimila zegciwane?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimila zamangqamuzana egciwane. Ezinye zingaba yingozi , okusho ukuthi zinomdlavuza. Olunye uhlobo alunabungozi . Zombili izinhlobo zezimila zingakhula zibe zinkulu. Kodwa-ke, izimila zamangqamuzana egciwane kuphela ezingasakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Uma zisakazeka (zisakazeke), zingalimaza izitho zethu zangaphakathi futhi kunzima ukwelapha.

Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamathumba eseli legciwane:

I-Teratoma

Lezi zithelo ziwuhlobo olukhethekile kakhulu lwezithelo. Lezi zithelo zingaqukatha izicubu ezifana namazinyo, izinwele, imisipha kanye namathambo. Cabanga ngazo njengesithelo esenziwe ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto. Lezi zingaba 'ezivuthiwe' noma 'ezingavuthiwe'.

• Ama-teratoma avuthiwe , ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi ama-dermoid cysts , uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila se-germ cell esikhula ema-ovari. Esikhathini esiningi, awawona umdlavuza.
• Ama-teratoma angakavuthwa ngokuvamile abangela umdlavuza, futhi akhula ngokushesha kakhulu.

Ama-Yolk Sac Tumors noma ama-Endodermal Sinus Tumors

Lezi zimbewu ziqukethe amangqamuzana afana ncamashi namangqamuzana asembungwini okhulayo.Lezi ziyingozi futhi zingasakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu kuma-lymph node nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Ama-Yolk sac tumors uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila segciwane esinomdlavuza ezinganeni ezincane.

I-germinoma

Lolu futhi uhlobo lwesimila esinomdlavuza. Singakhula kuma-ovari noma emasendeni. Kodwa-ke, sivame ukutholakala ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni (isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko). Uma sikhula kuma-ovari, sibizwa ngokuthi i-dysgerminoma , kanti uma sikhula kuma-ovari, sibizwa ngokuthi i-seminoma .

I-Embryonal Cell Carcinoma

Lesi yisifo esingavamile, esinomdlavuza seseli lamagciwane. Ngezinye izikhathi singavela sodwa, kodwa kaningi sibonakala sihlangene nezinye izinhlobo zamathumba, sakha isimila seseli lamagciwane esixubile .

I-Polyembryoma

Lezi zimila ziqukethe izingxenye ezifana nama-embryo. Futhi ziyizimila ezingavamile kakhulu, ezikhula ngokushesha ezinomdlavuza. Zivame ukwakheka zihlangene nezinye izimila zegciwane.

I-Choriocarcinoma

Lezi zimila zakhiwa ngamaseli akha i-placenta ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Njengoba kungenzeka wazi, i-placenta iyisitho esisiza umama nomntwana ukushintshanisa izakhamzimba. I-Choriocarcinoma nayo iyisimila esingavamile, esinomdlavuza samaseli egciwane. Nakuba singakhula emaqanda noma emasendeni, sivame ukukhula esibelethweni. Okukhethekile ngayo ukuthi ingasakazekela kokubili embungwini nakumama.

Amathumba Amangqamuzana Ahlanganisiwe

Lezi yizimila ezakheka lapho izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezimila zegciwane ezibangelwa umdlavuza zihlangana. Eqinisweni, izimila eziningi zegciwane zixutshwa kanje.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezimila ze-seminoma kanye nezingezona ze-seminoma?

Izimila zamangqamuzana egciwane emadodeni, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wamasende, zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ama-seminoma nama -non-seminomas . Zombili ziyizimila ezinomdlavuza.

• Ama-Seminoma: Lawa avame ukukhula futhi asakazeke kancane kune-non-seminoma.
• Ama-Non-seminomas: Lawa akhula futhi asakazeka ngokushesha kunama-seminomas. Ama-Yolk sac tumors, ama-embryonal cell carcinomas, ama-choriocarcinomas, nama-teratomas angaphansi kwalesi sigaba sama-non-seminomas.

Zivame kangakanani lezi zimila zamaseli egciwane?

Amathumba amangqamuzana egciwane empeleni awavamile ezinganeni ezincane. Angaba ngu-3.5% wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezinganeni. Kodwa-ke, abonakala kaningi kakhulu entsheni nakubantu abadala abasebasha. Amathumba amangqamuzana egciwane aba cishe ngu-13.9% wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-19.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo?

Nakuba noma ubani angaba nezimila zamangqamuzana egciwane,Izinsana, izingane ezincane, intsha kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha yibo abasengozini kakhulu. Ukusabalala kwalezi zifo kuyahlukahluka ngokweminyaka. Isibonelo, zivame kakhulu kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya eminyakeni engaba ngu-4 ubudala, bese zincipha kancane, bese ziphinde zande ngesikhathi sokukhula.

• Izimila ze-germ cell ovarian: Lezi zivame kakhulu emantombazaneni aphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 neyi-14. Kodwa-ke, zingakhula nakubantu abaseminyakeni yabo yama-20 neyama-30. I-teratoma evuthiwe (ngokuvamile engeyona umdlavuza) uhlobo oluvame ukutholakala lwe-germ cell tumor.
• Izimila zegciwane le-testicular: Lolu hlobo lubangela u-75% womdlavuza we-testicular ezinganeni, kanye no-90% wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-testicular. Zivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-4 ubudala kanye nakwabesilisa abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-15 no-35 ubudala.
• Izimila ze-Extragonadal germ cell: Lezi zimila zibanga u-40% kuya ku-50% wazo zonke izimila ze-germ cell ezitholakala ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-4 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, zingavela nasezinganeni ezincane nasebasha. Ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane, zivame ukutholakala ku-sacrum noma ku-coccyx. Ezinganeni ezincane nasebantwini abadala, zivame ukutholakala ku-mediastinum.
• Izimila zegciwane lobuchopho: Nakuba lezi zingavamile, zivame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-11 no-30.

Ziyini izimpawu zesimila segciwane?

Izimpawu zalesi simila ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobukhulu besimila kanye nendawo esikuyo emzimbeni.

Izimpawu zama-cysts e-ovarian

Amathumba amangqamuzana egciwane akhula emaqanda awahlali ebangela izimpawu. Isibonelo, i-teratoma evuthiwe ingase ingabangela izimpawu kuze kube yilapho inkulu ngokwanele ukubangela ubuhlungu besisu. Avame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ukuze kutholakale imbangela yobuhlungu besisu esingezansi.

Izimpawu zingaba kanje:

• Ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu esiswini esingezansi.
• Ukuzwa iqhubu elibuhlungu esibelethweni.
• Ukuvuvukala, ukuvuvukala.
• Ubuhlungu besisu (njenge -appendicitis ).
• Ukopha okungajwayelekile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• Isicanucanu.

Izimpawu zama-cyst ama-testicular

Izimpawu zezimila zamangqamuzana ezimila ezikhula emasendeni zifana nezomdlavuza wamasende.

Izici zimi kanje:

• Isigaxa esiqinile nesiqinile esisesendeni esikhula kancane kancane (kungaba buhlungu noma kungabi buhlungu).
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma isisindo esinqeni sesisu.
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ubuhlungu bemibundu.
• Isimo esingajwayelekile sesende.
• Ukuhlungu obusemhlane.

Izimpawu zezimila ezenzeka kwezinye izindawo (extragonadal)

Iqhubu ezinqeni zengane yakho noma phakathi kwesifuba sayoUma ikhona, kungaba yi-teratoma. Ezinye izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isimila sikuphi.

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (uma kuhlobene namaphaphu).
• Ubuthakathaka emilenzeni (uma kusemhlane ongezansi).
• Ubunzima bokuchama nokuphuma kwendle (uma inkinga ihlobene ne-pelvis).
• Ingane inokuvuvukala kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu noma obungacacile esiswini.

Amanye amathumba eseli lamagciwane akhipha ama-hormone okuzala. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi izingane zibonise izimpawu zokuthomba zisencane noma zibe nokukhula okungavamile ngokocansi. Amantombazane angase akhule amabele, izinwele zasesithweni sangasese, kanye nokuya esikhathini kusenesikhathi. Abafana bangase bakhule amabele (gynecomastia).

Yini ebangela la mathumba eseli legciwane?

Ngokuvamile, la maseli egciwane akhiwa njengoba umbungu womuntu ukhula. Lawa maseli abe esethuthela kuma-ovari noma emasendeni ombungu, lapho eba khona amaseli amaqanda noma amaseli esidoda.

Kodwa, ezimilanjeni zamaseli ezimila, lawa maseli awakhuli ngokugcwele abe amaqanda noma isidoda. Esikhundleni salokho, lawa maseli ezimila ahlukana ngendlela engavamile futhi akhe izimila emaqanda noma emasendeni. 'Ezimilaneni ezingaphandle kwe-gonadal' esikhulume ngazo ngaphambili, lawa maseli ezimila aya ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile emzimbeni - izindawo ezifana nesifuba, ubuchopho, isisu, umhlane ongezansi, izinqe - futhi akhe izimila lapho.

Eqinisweni, abacwaningi abakakatholi ukuthi kungani la maseli egciwane eziphatha ngale ndlela.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?

Ungase ube namathuba amaningi okuthola isimila segciwane uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba naso ngaphambili, noma uma unezimo ezithile zezokwelapha.

Lezi yizimo ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuba namasende angakaphathwa, angavuki ( i-cryptorchidism ).
• Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Turner syndrome .
• Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Klinefelter syndrome .

Lezi yizimo zofuzo noma zokukhula ezihlonzwa odokotela.

Zitholakala kanjani izimila zamaseli egciwane? (Ukuxilongwa)

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokukuhlola umzimba bese ebuza ngezimpawu zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, angenza okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kuhlolwa okulandelayo ukuze anqume ukuthi unesimila seseli legciwane:

• Ukuskena kwe-CT: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha izithombe eziningi ze-X-ray zangaphakathi lomzimba wakho nokusebenzisa ikhompyutha ukudala isithombe esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (`3D`) samathambo nezicubu ezithambile. Ukuskena kwe-CT kwesifuba, isisu, noma i-pelvis kungasiza ekutholeni isimila.
• I-MRI: Lokhu kusebenzisa amagagasi kamagnethi kanye nomsakazo ukudala isithombe sekhompyutha samathambo nezicubu ezithambile zomzimba. Njenge-CT scan, i-MRI ingabonisa indawo yesimila.
• I-Ultrasound:Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe zangaphakathi lomzimba. I-Ultrasound ikhombisa ukuthi ingakanani ithumba eliqinile nokuthi lingakanani uketshezi (`cystic`). Lolu lwazi lusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ithumba liyisimila seseli legciwane noma uketshezi nje (`cyst`).
• Ukuskena kwe-PET: Lokhu kusebenzisa ikhemikhali ekhethekile (i-`tracer`) ukuthola izindawo zamaseli omdlavuza emzimbeni. Ukuskena kwe-PET kungabona nokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini.
• Ukuskena kwamathambo: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka idayi ekhethekile emzimbeni, okuvumela ukuthi imuncwe emathanjeni, bese uthatha izithombe ze-X-ray. Le dayi iyasiza ekugqamiseni ukukhubazeka futhi ingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi isimila sisakazekele emathanjeni yini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Udokotela wakho angase athathe isampula yegazi ukuhlola amazinga ama-enzyme athile, amaprotheni, noma ama-hormone egazini lakho. Amazinga aphezulu ezinto ezifana ne -human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) , i-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) , kanye ne-lactate dehydrogenase kungaba uphawu lwezinhlobo ezithile zezimila zegciwane.
• I-Biopsy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ezivela esimila bese uyithumela elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe. Udokotela wezifo , udokotela ogxile ekuhlaziyweni kwezicubu, uzohlola isampula ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze anqume ukuthi iyisimila seseli legciwane yini.

Okubalulekile: Uma iqhubu lakho lingase libe nomdlavuza, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukususa sonke isitho. Isibonelo, inqubo ejwayelekile yokuxilonga umdlavuza wamasende ukususa lonke isende ( i-radical inguinal orchiectomy ). Ukususa isende kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlaziye izicubu futhi enze ukuhlinzwa njengokwelashwa.

Ilashwa kanjani izimila zegciwane?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni, usayizi, indawo yesimila, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha izimila zamangqamuzana egciwane. Uma kwenzeka izimila zama-ovari, isimila kuphela esingasuswa ( i-ovarian cystectomy ), noma lonke i-ovary kanye ne-fallopian tube kungasuswa ( i-salpingo-oophorectomy ). Uma kwenzeka umdlavuza wama-testicular, isimila esiqukethe isimila siyasuswa.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhilela ukukunikeza imithi yokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwavimba ukuthi angahlukani. Uma udokotela wakho engakwazi ukususa isimila ngokuphephile, noma uma sesisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, ungase unikezwe i-chemotherapy. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy nayo inikezwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase ashiywe, noma ngabe awatholakalanga kuskeni. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kusetshenziselwa izinhlobo eziningi zezimila zamangqamuzana egciwane.Indlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa ama-X-ray anamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimila zamangqamuzana egciwane zisabela kahle ekwelashweni ngemisebe.

Ingabe isimila seseli legciwane singalapheka ngokuphelele?

Isibikezelo, noma ithemba lokwelashwa, kwezimila eziningi zamangqamuzana egciwane lihle kakhulu. Lesi sifo sivame ukwelapheka uma isimila sisusiwe ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, umdlavuza wamasende unesilinganiso sokusinda esingu-95% ngemva kokwelashwa. Izimila zamangqamuzana egciwane zesibeletho zinesilinganiso sokusinda esingu-93%. Izimila zamangqamuzana egciwane ezinganeni zinesilinganiso sokwelashwa esiphakathi kuka-82% no-90%.

Noma kunjalo, le miphumela incike ezintweni eziningana eziqondene nawe ngqo. Lezi zifaka:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Uhlobo lwesimila seseli legciwane.
• Indawo kanye nosayizi wesimila.
• Ibanga umdlavuza osusabalele.
• Impendulo yesimila ekwelashweni.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ukuxilongwa kwakho kuzothinta kanjani imiphumela yakho.

Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Ungabuza le mibuzo ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuxilongwa kwakho:

• Ingabe isimila sami sinomdlavuza (siyingozi)?
• Ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani (inamandla) isimila sami?
• Ingabe umdlavuza usabalele?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokwelashwa?
• Yimiphi imiphumela engaba khona ehlotshaniswa nenketho ngayinye yokwelashwa?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo okudingeka ngizenze ukuze ngiqaphele ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa?
• Kukangaki ngidinga ukuza ngezikhathi zokulandelela ukuze ngiqaphe isimila/impendulo yami ekwelashweni?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ithumba leseli legciwane liyisimila esikhula emaseli okuzala. Udokotela wakho angakuchazela ukuthi lokhu kutholakala kuzokuthinta kanjani wena noma ingane yakho. Amathumba eseli legciwane ayinkimbinkimbi kancane. Izimpawu zakho kanye nokubikezela kwakho kuncike ezintweni eziningi, konke udokotela wakho azoxoxa ngakho nawe.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lezimila zamangqamuzana egciwane liyasabela kahle ekwelashweni. Njenganoma yisiphi isimila (ikakhulukazi izimila ezinomdlavuza), uma usheshe uxilonge futhi uqale ukwelashwa, umphumela wakho uzoba ngcono. Ngakho-ke, uma uneqhubu elingavamile, ukuvuvukala, noma ubuhlungu, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha kunokusishaya indiva.

Izimila zamaseli egciwane, umdlavuza, i-teratoma, isimila se-yolk sac, i-germinoma, umdlavuza wesibeletho, umdlavuza wamasende