Ake sixoxe nje ngokukhuliswa kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lapho omunye umuntu ethwala khona ingane yakho esibelethweni sakhe?

Ukuba ngumama noma ubaba kuyiphupho lawo wonke umuntu, akunjalo? Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngezizathu ezahlukene, kungaba nzima kancane ukwenza lelo phupho lifezeke. Yilapho abanye abantu kufanele bacabange ngale ndlela ebizwa ngokuthi `(I-Gestational Surrogacy)`. Kalula nje, lena yindlela lapho omunye wesifazane ethwala futhi ebelethela ingane yakho. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

Kuyini ngempela lokhu "(Ukukhulelwa)"?

Kulungile, i-Gestational Surrogacy yilapho omunye wesifazane (masimbize ngokuthi "umthwali wokukhulelwa") ethwala futhi ebeletha ingane yakho, noma yombhangqwana. Into ebalulekile lapha ukuthi umama ozalelwe ingane akanalo uxhumano lwezakhi zofuzo nengane. Okusho ukuthi, iqanda lomntwana livela kumama ozalelwe noma kumnikeli weqanda. Isidoda sivela kubaba ozalelwe noma kumnikeli wesidoda.

Ezimweni eziningi, umntwana ukhulelwa kusetshenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi ``In Vitro Fertilization - IVF''. Kalula nje, ``IVF'' inqubo yokuhlanganisa amaqanda nesidoda sabazali abahlosiwe (noma lawo atholakala kubanikeli) elabhorethri ukuze kudalwe umbungu. Lowo mbungu ube usufakwa esibelethweni sikamama okhulelwe. Ngakho-ke, njengoba umama okhulelwe engakhiphi iqanda, akukho ukuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwakhe nomntwana.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-`(Surrogate)` evamile kanye ne-`(Surrogate Yokukhulelwa)`?

Kunezindlela ezimbili "zokukhulisa ingane". Eyodwa "ukukhulisa ingane" esikhuluma ngayo. Enye "ukukhulisa ingane ngokwesiko".

• (Ukukhulelwa): Njengoba sisanda kuxoxa, lapha umama othwele umntwana akahlobene nofuzo nomntwana. Ngoba, awekho amaqanda akhe asetshenziswayo kulokhu. Kusetshenziswa iqanda lomama okhulelwe noma iqanda lomnikeli. Okuwukuphela kwento eyenziwa umama okhulelwe ukuthwala umntwana esibelethweni sakhe bese ezala. Lena yindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni njengamanje futhi inezinkinga ezimbalwa zomthetho. Ngoba, okungenani oyedwa wabazali abakhulelwe uhlobene nomntwana ngokofuzo, kodwa umama okhulelwe akahlobene nofuzo nomntwana.

• (Ukwehlukaniswa Kwezingane Ngokwesiko): Kule ndlela, umama othwala umntwana uhlobene nomntwana ngokwezakhi zofuzo. Okusho ukuthi, amaqanda akhe asetshenziselwa ukudala umntwana. Ngemva kokuthwala umntwana esibelethweni sakhe futhi ebeletha, njengomzali wengane, kufanele adlulisele ilungelo lokugcina umntwana (amalungelo omzali) kubazali abahlosiwe. Le ndlela ayivunyelwe ngumthetho emazweni amaningi ngenxa yezinkinga zomthetho nezengqondo ezibangelwa yiyo.

Ubani osebenzisa le ndlela ethi "(Ukukhulelwa)"?

Abantu abaningi basebenzisa le ndlela ukuze bangeze elinye ilungu emndenini wabo ngezizathu ezahlukene. Cabanga ngalezi zimo:

• Uma umama okhulelwe engakwazi ukubeletha umntwana ngenxa yenkinga ethile esibelethweni sakhe .
• Uma umama okhulelwe enesifo esibi kakhulu somzimba noma sengqondo esenza ukukhulelwa kube yingozi kuye noma enganeni.
• Uma isibeletho somuntu sisusiwe ngokuhlinzwa (i-hysterectomy) noma uma kukhona iphutha lokuzalwa esibelethweni.
• Uma umuntu ohlosiwe engakwazi ukukhulelwa noma ukuzala umntwana. Isibonelo, indoda engashadile noma umbhangqwana wesilisa ongongqingili .

"Ingane iyisibusiso esikhulu. Uma izindlela ezinjengalezi zingasiza abanye abantu ukuba bathole leyo njabulo, kuyafaneleka ngempela."

Le nqubo yenzeka kanjani?

Kalula nje, ku-"Gestational Surrogacy"`, i-embryo idalwa kusetshenziswa amaqanda nesidoda sabazali abahlosiwe (noma abanikeli) ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-"(IVF)``. Leyo embryo ibe isifakwa esibelethweni sikamama okhulelwe. Ukusuka lapho, uthwala umntwana esibelethweni sakhe.

Inqubo iqala ngokukhethwa komama ozoba ngumzali wesibili. Ngemva kwalokho, kusayinwa izivumelwano zomthetho phakathi kwalowo mzali wesibili kanye nabazali abahlosiwe. Bobabili bahlolwa ngezindlela ezahlukene zezokwelapha nezengqondo. Kuphela ngemva kokuba konke lokhu sekuvunyelwe lapho ukwelashwa nge-IVF kuqala khona.

Ngingamthola kanjani umuntu ozobamba ingane?

Lapho abantu abaningi bephendukela kulokhu, bakhuluma ne-`(Surrogacy Agency)`, okungukuthi, inhlangano enikeza izinsizakalo ezinjalo. Ungathola yonke imininingwane mayelana nenqubo kanye nezindleko kulezi zinhlangano. Yizo ezikusiza ekutholeni umama ofanelekayo we-surrogacy. Ziphinde zisize ekubhaleni izivumelwano zomthetho phakathi kwamaqembu amabili. Eminye imibhangqwana ikhetha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane ngalokhu. Akukho lutho olungalungile ngalokho, kodwa kungaba nezinkinga ezihambisana nokuzibophezela ngokomzwelo okwengeziwe.

Ngokusho kwe-American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), izici ezilandelayo kufanele zibe khona ukuze zibhekwe njengezifanele ukukhulelwa kwengane:

• Kumelwe ube nempilo enhle , phakathi kweminyaka engu-21 no-45 (ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-35 kungcono).
• Okungenani ukulethwa okukodwa kanye nokulethwa okungaphezu kwesihlanu kumele kube sekuqediwe ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
• Akukuhle ukuthi ube nokuhlinzwa okungaphezu kwezintathu (ukuhlinzwa ngokuhlinzwa kwe-C-section).
• Udinga ukuba nesisindo esinempilo .
• Futhi, kumele uhlangabezane nanoma yiziphi ezinye izidingo ezibekwe yisikhungo esifanele.

Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi umama okhulelwe abe nesimo somndeni esizinzile kanye nokusekelwa okuhle kwengqondo ukuze abhekane nokucindezeleka okwengeziwe kokukhulelwa. Lapho ekhetha laba bantu, isizinda sabo siyahlolwa ngokucophelela. Futhi, abazali abazoba abazali kufanele banikeze ulwazi lwabo lwezezimali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bangakwazi ukukhokhela izindleko.

Zinjani izivivinyo zezokwelapha?

Njengabazali abakhulelwe, umama othwele umntwana kufanele ahlolwe ngokukhethekile . Uphinde abonane nodokotela wezifo zengqondo ukuze ahlole izimo zengqondo ezifana nokucindezeleka.

Ngokusho kwe-ASRM, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezokwelapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umama okhulelwe uphilile ngokwanele ukuthwala umntwana kuze kube yilapho ekhulelwe. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa futhi ukuze kuhlolwe izifo ezilandelayo:

• I-Syphilis
• I-Gonorrhea
• I-Chlamydia
• I-HIV
• I-Hepatitis B kanye ne-C

Kufanele futhi ube nolwazi lwakamuva ngemithi yokugomela isimungumungwane, ukhunta, i-rubella (MMR) kanye ne-tetanus, i-pertussis, kanye ne-diphtheria (Tdap). Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase udinge futhi umuthi wokugomela i-COVID. Abazali abakhulelwe (noma abanikeli bamaqanda/isidoda) nabo bahlolwa izakhi zofuzo ukuze babone ukuthi ingane yabo isengozini yokuba nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, njenge-Down syndrome.

Lunjani uhlangothi lwezomthetho?

Kubalulekile ukuqeda isivumelwano esisemthethweni ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-IVF. Lesi sivumelwano kufanele sihlanganise okulandelayo:

• Umama obambelene naye uyavuma ukudlulisela umntwana kubazali abahlosiwe ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana.
• Imisebenzi kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo kamama ozala umntwana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (isib. ukuya kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngesikhathi, ukungasebenzisi izidakamizwa noma utshwala).
• Izinkokhelo kanye nesinxephezelo.
• Izinkinga ezibucayi njengokuqedwa kokukhulelwa kanye nokufa kombungu.
• Zonke izingozi kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo ehlobene nokwelashwa `(IVF)`, ukukhulelwa, kanye nokubeletha.
• Kunezinye izimo eziningi kanye nemiphumela engaba khona engaba nemiphumela yezomthetho.

Imithetho ephathelene nokuthengiswa kwezingane ngokwesivumelwano iyahlukahluka kuye ngamazwe. I-ejensi yakho yokuthengiswa kwezingane ngokwesivumelwano noma ummeli angakusiza ukuthi udlule kule nqubo yezomthetho. Lokhu kungaba nzima kancane, ngakho-ke ukusebenza nethimba lezomthetho elinolwazi kanye nokusayina izinkontileka kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa ngokusemthethweni.

Umama othwele umntwana ukhulelwa kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzothatha amaqanda akho (omama abakhulelwe) awahlanganise nesidoda somlingani wakho (sikababa okhulelwe) elebhu. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa amaqanda anikelayo noma isidoda esinikelayo. Uma umama okhulelwe esebenzisa amaqanda akhe, uzonikezwa imithi yokuzala ukuze akhuthaze ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda akhe, ukuze akhiqize amaqanda amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lapho isidoda sihlangana neqanda elilodwa noma ngaphezulu, kwakheka umbungu.

Umama okhulelweyo uthatha nomuthi wokuzala ukuze alungiselele isibeletho sakhe ukuthola umbungu. Ngemva kokuba ama-embryo akhekile, afakwa esibelethweni sikamama okhulelweyo.

Ubani ohilelekile kule nqubo?

Abantu abaningana bahilelekile kule nqubo "yokukhulelwa kwengane":

• Umthwali wokukhulelwa
• Umzali (abazali) okuhlosiwe
• Abanikeli beqanda noma isidoda (uma kudingeka)
• `(I-ejensi yokubeletha)`
• Isikhungo sokuzala
• Abameli noma abeluleki bezomthetho
• Abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kokukhulelwa (odokotela bezifo zabesifazane kanye nodokotela bezifo zabesifazane, ababelethisi)
• Abahlinzeki bezempilo yengqondo
• Abeluleki bezofuzo

Ingabe zikhona izingozi kule ndlela?

Eqinisweni, kunezingozi ezithile kubantu abasebenzisa i-surrogacy. Izingozi ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Akukho siqinisekiso sokuthi ukukhulelwa kuzophumelela noma ukuthi kuzohlala isikhathi eside.
• Ukwelashwa kokuzala kanye nezinqubo zezokwelapha kungaba yingozi kubazali abakhulelwe kanye nakumama okhulelwe umntwana.
• Izingozi zezimali ezihambisana nokwelashwa nge-IVF, izinqubo zezokwelapha, izinqubo zomthetho, kanye nezinkokhelo kumama okhulelwe.
• Izingozi zengqondo ezibangelwa ukuphuphuma kwesisu, izinkinga, kanye nezinye izimo zempilo.
• Ukukhungatheka kokungakwazi ukulawula umama, ukukhulelwa, nezinye izinto ezibambe umntwana.

Futhi, kunezingozi kumama othwele umntwana. Kufanele aye emitholampilo yezokwelapha evamile phakathi nokukhulelwa. Usengozini futhi yazo zonke izinkinga ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, kanye nezifo. Ukuthwala umntwana womunye umuntu kungaba nzima ngokomzwelo nangokomzimba kumlingani kamama kanye nezingane. Nakuba omama abaningi abathatha ingane bejabulela ukusiza umbhangqwana noma umuntu ngamunye ukuba abe abazali, bangakha nesibopho esingokomzwelo nomntwana ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zale ndlela?

Ukukhulelwa Kwezingane Kuyithuba elihle kakhulu kubantu abashadile nabantu abangakwazi ukuba nezingane ngokwempilo noma ngokomzimba ukuze bandise umndeni wabo noma baqale umndeni. Kwabaningi abangazange bakwazi ukuba abazali ngenxa yezinkinga zesibeletho, izimo zezokwelapha noma zengqondo, noma isimo somshado, kufana nephupho eligcwalisekile.

Ingabe umuntu ophethe umntwana angamgcina umntwana?

Cha, umama ozalelwe esikhundleni somunye akakwazi ukugcina umntwana. Ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa kokuzala kuqale, kusayinwa isivumelwano esisemthethweni phakathi kwabazali abakhulelwe kanye nomama ozalelwe esikhundleni somunye. Lesi sivumelwano sisho ngokusobala ukuthi umama ozalelwe esikhundleni somunye kumele anikeze umntwana kubazali abakhulelwe ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana. Futhi, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, njengoba umama ozalelwe esikhundleni somunye engenabo ubudlelwano bemvelo nomntwana, akanawo amalungelo obuzali phezu komntwana.

Kubiza malini lokhu?

Izimali zomthetho, izindleko zezokwelapha, izimali ze-ejensi, izinkokhelo kumama okhulelwe, kanye nendawo konke kuthinta izindleko zale ndlela ethi `(Surrogacy)`. Ngokwesilinganiso, ingabiza noma yikuphi kusukela ku-US$50,000 kuya ku-US$150,000 noma ngaphezulu. Lezi zindleko zingahluka eSri Lanka, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuhlola nezikhungo ezifanele ukuthola ukuthi ziyini ngempela. Futhi, kunezikhathi lapho ukwelashwa `(IVF)` kungaphumeleli okokuqala, bese inqubo kufanele iphindwe.

Ekugcineni, khumbula...

Ukukhulelwa Kwezingane Indlela yokukhulelwa lapho umama okhulelwe ingane engahlobene khona nofuzo nengane ayithwele. Lena indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokukhulelwa kwezingane namuhla. Le ndlela isiza izinkulungwane zabantu abangakwazi ukuba nengane ngokwezinto eziphilayo noma ngokomzimba ukuqala imindeni yabo.

Le nqubo ihilela izinyathelo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuthola umama ozalelwe, ukuqedela izivumelwano zomthetho kanye namaphepha, kanye nokudlulisela ama-embryo kumuntu okhethiwe. Nakuba kungaba inqubo ende futhi eyinselele, kwabanye abantu kungaba yindlela kuphela yokuzwa injabulo yokuba ngumzali. Uma unesithakazelo ku-Gestational Surrogacy, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nenqubo, izindleko, kanye nendlela yokuqala. Bangakudlulisela enhlanganweni efanelekile ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukukhulelwa Kwezingane , i-IVF, Ukubeletha, Ubumama, Ubaba, Ukungazali, Umama Ozalelwe Esibelethweni