Ingabe ubuhlungu besisu sakho abuyona nje inkinga yesisu? Ake sixoxe nge-GIST (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor)!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi nawe unesisu esibuhlungu, noma isisu esibuhlungu, noma umuzwa wokusinda? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi ukudla kubi, "ukuphazamiseka kwesisu", noma "ukuqunjelwa". Kodwa, cabanga ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nendaba engathi sína ngemuva kwezimpawu ezincane kangaka. Enye yazo, engavamile kangako, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngesimo somdlavuza yi-GIST, emele i- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor . Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa, kodwa kalula nje, kulungile?

Iyini le thumba lesisu (i-GIST)?

Kalula nje, ama-GIST ayizimila ezinomdlavuza ezakha ezindongeni zomgudu wakho wokugaya ukudla —ingxenye yomzimba wakho lapho ukudla nokuphuza kuhamba khona kusuka emlonyeni wakho kuya esiswini sakho bese kungena emathunjini akho ukuze kugaywe. Lawa mathumba, uma sikhuluma iqiniso, awela kulokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi ' i-soft tissue sarcoma.'

Manje cabanga ngakho, amanye amathumba e-GIST mancane kakhulu, njenge-eraser yepensela noma i-pea. Uma kuyithumba elincane kakhulu, ungase ungaliboni noma ungezwa ubuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, amanye amathumba aqala ukukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yilapho la ma-GIST angaqala khona ukukubangela izimpawu ezahlukene kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Esikhathini esiningi, odokotela belapha lesi simo se-GIST ngokwenza ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ngokuphelele isimila noma amathumba.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-GIST?

Eqinisweni, i-GIST uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu . Ngisho noma iqhathaniswa namanye amazwe emhlabeni, kuyafana. Isibonelo, ezweni elifana ne-United States, kutholakala amacala amasha e-GIST angu-4,000 kuya ku-6,000 kuphela ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke ungacabanga ukuthi lesi simo singavamile kangakanani. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela, ukuze uma uzwa izimpawu, ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-GIST?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, uma izimila ze-GIST zincane kakhulu, ungase ungabi nazo izimpawu. Esikhathini esiningi, isimila se-GIST sitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, njengokuskena esiswini, noma ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okunye.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba iqhubu likhula, noma kuye ngokuthi likuphi, kungase kuvele ezinye izimpawu. Lezi yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu:

• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu besisu noma ukungakhululeki . Lokhu kungaba umuzwa wokugcwala noma into ebambeke esiswini sakho.
• Igazi esitulweni sakho noma esitulweni esinegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi isitulo singaba mnyama okwesibhakabhaka, okuwuphawu lokopha ngaphakathi.
• Ukuqunjelwa kusho ukungaphumi kwamathumbu izinsuku eziningana.
• NjaloUkuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ukhathele . Njengokungathi akukho ukuphila emzimbeni.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kokuzama.
• I-Anorexia isho ukungafuni ukudla.
• Ukuhlanza igazi . Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esingathi sína.

Uma usunesinye salezi zimpawu isikhathi eside, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa, kunokumane uzibuze ukuthi, "Kuyini lokho?"

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-GIST?

Esikhathini esiningi, i-GIST ikhula lapho kukhona ushintsho, noma ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuthiwa i-KIT emzimbeni wethu. Cabanga ngakho, le gene ye-KIT ifana nesithunywa esincane esitshela amanye amangqamuzana ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla ukuthi "ahlukane futhi aphindaphindeke." Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona iphutha kule gene, lawo maseli aqala ukuhlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngokushesha kakhulu futhi ngokungalawuleki. Lelo qhubu, noma i-GIST, lakhiwa lapho lawo maseli ekhula ngokungalawuleki. Lokhu kuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kokuzalwa kwethu, ngesikhathi sokuphila kwethu. Akuyona into ezuzwe njengefa kubazali kubantwana.

Le gene ye-KIT itshela amangqamuzana ukuthi enze iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-KIT CD117 . Le phrotheni ivuselela ukuhlukana kwamangqamuzana ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. Ku-GIST, le nqubo iyaphambuka, ibangele ukwakheka kwezimila.

Kodwa-ke, nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, ezinye izimo zofuzo zingase zandise kancane ingozi yokuthola i-GIST. Ezinye zalezi zimo zifaka:

• I-Familial GIST syndrome: Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi isici ku-KIT gene sitholwa ngabazali kubantwana. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ingozi yokuthola i-GIST iyanda. Futhi, i-GIST ingakhula isencane kunokujwayelekile futhi kungavela izimila ezingaphezu kwesisodwa.
• Uhlobo 1 lwe-Neurofibromatosis: Lesi futhi yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Sibangela izinhlobo ezithile zamaseli ukuba zikhule zingalawuleki futhi zakhe amathumba ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. I-GIST uhlobo olulodwa lwesimila esingakhula ngale ndlela.
• I-Carney-Stratakis syndrome: Lesi futhi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu, esizuzwa njengefa. Abantu abanalesi simo nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-GIST kunabanye.

I-GIST ihlolwa kanjani?

Uma uya kudokotela onezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi sezinesikhathi esingakanani zikhona, bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba . Lokhu kusho izinto ezifana nokuzwa isisu sakho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uhlolwe ezinye izindlela eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi une-GIST, ubukhulu bayo, nokuthi isakazeke yini. Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• I-endoscopy ephezulu:Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ipayipi elinekhamera encane emlonyeni wakho bese uhlola ingaphakathi lomphimbo wakho, umphimbo (ipayipi lokudla), kanye nesisu. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ngqo ukuthi kukhona yini, njengeqhubu.
• I-CT scan: Lokhu kusebenzisa i-X-ray ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zengaphakathi lesisu sakho. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ubukhulu nendawo yeqhubu.
• I-Positron emission tomography (PET) scan: Lolu futhi uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-scan. Lusiza ekutholeni ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asebenza kangakanani nokuthi ngabe asakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• I-Biopsy: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlolwa olusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi une-GIST. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu eqhubu bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ngudokotela wezifo . Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe yi-GIST noma okunye. Ngezinye izikhathi i-biopsy ingenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-endoscopy.

Iphathwa kanjani i-GIST?

Umuntu oyinhloko ophatha i-GIST udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza . I-GIST ivame ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lokwelashwa olufanele wena luzoncika kulokho okutholayo ukuhlolwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi odokotela bazobheka izinto ezifana nosayizi wesimila, ukuthi sitholakala kuphi, nokuthi ngabe sisakazeke (sisakazeke kangakanani) kusukela lapho saqala khona.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Uma iqhubu lincane kakhulu, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo we-oncology angase akwazi ukulisusa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungase kudingeke olunye ukwelashwa.
• Kodwa uma isimila sikhulu kakhulu noma sisendaweni okunzima ukusihlinza, udokotela wakho wezifo zomdlavuza angase anqume ukukunikeza uhlobo lomuthi olubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okuqondiwe ukuze kuncishiswe isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Le mithi ihlose futhi ihlasele izinto ezithile ezisiza amangqamuzana e-GIST ukuba akhule. Lokhu kunciphisa isimila futhi kwenza kube lula ukusihlinza. Ngezinye izikhathi, le mithi eqondiwe ingaqhubeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuvinjwe i-GIST ukuthi ingabuyi.

Khumbula, akuzona zonke iziguli ze-GIST ezithola ukwelashwa okufanayo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoxoxa nawe ngohlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu lwesimo sakho.

Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, ukwelashwa kwe-GIST kungabangela imiphumela emibi.

Eminye imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokwelashwa okuqondiwe:

• Ukuvinjelwa
• Uhudo (ubuhlungu besisu)
• Ukukhathala nokukhathala
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha
• Isicanucanu (ukuzizwa sengathi uhlanza)

Imiphumela emibi evamile engase ivele ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa:

• Ukusabela ekubulaweni yizinzwa (isb., isiyezi, ukuhlanza)
• Ubuhlungu endaweni yokuhlinzwa
• Ukopha

Le miphumela emibi ayenzeki kubo bonke ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu bangase babhekane neminye yayo, kanti abanye bangase bangabi nayo. Uma uzizwa ungakhululekile, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi. Imiphumela emibi eminingi ingalawulwa.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele ngokulandelayo uma ngine-GIST?

Ngisho nangemva kokuba ukwelashwa sekuqediwe, udokotela wakho womdlavuza uzoqhubeka nokukuqapha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzocelwa ukuthi uze ukuzobonana nodokotela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uhlole ukululama kwakho kanye nempilo yakho jikelele. Lokhu kuhlangana kuvame ukuba njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha.

Phakathi nalokhu kuvakashela, udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, akuhlole, futhi angenza nezinye izivivinyo, njengezikeni, ukuze abone ukuthi i-GIST isibuyile yini noma ukuthi isabela kanjani ekwelashweni. Izivivinyo ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kwesibindi kanye ne-pelvis.
• Izikena ze-MRI (izikena ze-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) .
• I-PET scans ukuze ibone impendulo ekwelashweni okuqondiwe.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi kufanele wenze lezi zivivinyo kangaki, kuye ngesimo sakho.

Liyini izinga lokusinda nge-GIST?

Lena inkinga ebucayi. Izinga lokusinda komuntu one-GIST liyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu. Kunezici eziningana ezinquma lokhu. Isibonelo, ubukhulu besimila lapho kutholakala ukuthi sine-GIST, ukuthi sisebenza kangakanani, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nendlela isimila esisabela ngayo ekwelashweni.

Ngokusho kwedatha eqoqwe ezikhungweni ezifana ne-US National Cancer Institute (NCI) , cishe abantu abangu-85% abane-GIST basaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokutholakala kwalesi sifo.

Kodwa-ke, uma ubona izibalo ezinjengalezi, kufanele ukhumbule izinto ezimbalwa:

• Lokhu kumane nje kuyizilinganiselo: kusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu abaningi abake baba ne-GIST ngaphambili. Isimo sakho singase sihluke kakhulu. Isibonelo, iminyaka yakho nokuthi unezinye izimo zezokwelapha yini kungathinta lezi zinombolo.
• Lezi zinombolo zingokomlando: idatha iqoqwa cishe njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Ngakho-ke, umthelela wokwelashwa kwakamuva awufakiwe kulezi zinombolo. Ngokwelashwa okusha, lezi zinombolo zingaba ngcono nakakhulu.
• Amazinga okusinda kanye nokulindeleke kokuphila kuyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene: Izinga lokusinda alikutsheli ukuthi uzophila isikhathi esingakanani. Idatha yokulindeleke kokuphila kunzima kakhulu ukuyithola kubantu abane-GIST.

Ngakho-ke, ungakhathazeki ngalezi zinombolo. Uma unemibuzo, buza udokotela wakho wezifo zomdlavuza. Uzokwazi ukuchaza ukuthi lezi zibalo zisebenza kanjani esimweni sakho.

Uzinakekela kanjani?

Ukunakekela impilo yakho iyonke kuyinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza wena, kokubili ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa kwe-GIST.

• Yidla kahle: Zama ukudla ukudla okuhlukahlukene okunamaprotheni amaningi, amafutha aphansi, kanye nokuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Faka imifino, imifino, nezithelo ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Ukudla okunempilo kuzonikeza umzimba wakho amandla okululama ngokushesha.
• Thola ukuzivocavoca: Ukugula kungaba yinto ekucindezelayo. Ngesikhathi usalulama ekwelashweni, ukuzivocavoca okulula (njengokuhamba) kungakusiza ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho njalo ngaphambi kokuqala isimiso esisha sokuzivocavoca noma ngaphambi kokuba uqalise isimiso sokuzivocavoca obusenza.
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Ukusebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lomkhiqizo kagwayi (kufaka phakathi ugwayi kagesi) kwandisa ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza omusha, kanye nengozi yokuthi i-GIST iphinde ivele.

Isimo esifana ne-GIST singase singabangeli izimpawu ezinkulu ekuqaleni. Ngisho noma usenza kanjalo, ungase ucabange ukuthi kungukungagayi kahle kokudla noma umkhuhlane wesisu. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ukuthi unesimila esingavamile somdlavuza esinjengalesi kungaba yinto eshaqisayo kakhulu. Uma unalesi simo, zinike isikhathi sokuzifundisa ngalesi sifo esingavamile kanye nezinketho zakho zokwelapha. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kunganciphisa izimpawu zakho futhi kwelaphe ne-GIST. Uzoba nemibuzo eminingi. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobe likhona ukuze liphendule yonke futhi likusekele.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Nakuba i-GIST kuyinto okufanele uyesabe, iyisimo esingaba nemiphumela emihle uma uqaphela futhi uthola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi.

• Ungakunaki: Uma unezinhlungu zesisu ezingavamile neziqhubekayo, izimpawu zokopha, noma ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Ukuxilongwa okunembile kubalulekile: Kudingeka ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuze kutholakale i-GIST. Ngakho-ke, funa umbono wochwepheshe.
• Kukhona ukwelashwa: Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ze-GIST, njengokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa okuqondiwe.
• Awuwedwa: ithimba lakho lezokwelapha, umndeni, nabangani bazokusiza kulolu hambo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uqinile futhi ulandele iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Isimila sesisu , i-GIST, umdlavuza, uhlelo lokugaya ukudla, i-gene ye-KIT, ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa okuqondiwe