Ngisho nalapho sizwa igama elithi umdlavuza, sonke sizizwa sesaba kakhulu. Kodwa namuhla, isayensi yezokwelapha isithuthuke kakhulu. Kutholakale izindlela zokwelapha ezimangalisayo zokulwa namaseli omdlavuza. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile. Kalula nje, lezi zisebenza ngokunqamula ukudla okunomsoco, okungukuthi, ukutholakala kwegazi, kwamaseli omdlavuza nokunciphisa ukukhula kwawo.
Ziyini ngempela lezi zithiyo ze-Angiogenesis?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake sithathe isibonelo esincane. Cabanga, ukuze noma yimuphi umuthi ukhule ube mkhulu, udinga ukuthola amanzi nezakhamzimba njalo. Ngokufanayo, ukuze isimila sikhule sibe sikhulu futhi sisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kudingeka igazi eliningi.
Isimila somdlavuza sincane kakhulu ekuqaleni. Ngaleso sikhathi, simunca izakhamzimba esizidingayo ezicutshini ezinempilo ezizungezile. Kodwa lapho isimila sikhula sibe cishe ngamamilimitha angu-1-2, kufanele sakhe uhlelo olusha lwemithambo yegazi. Njengoba nje isitshalo sikhula amagatsha amasha. Kukule mithambo yegazi emisha lapho isimila somdlavuza 'sondla' khona, sikhule sibe sikhulu nakakhulu, futhi siqale ukusabalala.
Le mithi ekhethekile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Angiogenesis Inhibitors , isebenza ngokuvimba amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekwakheni imithambo yegazi emisha. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amangqamuzana angancipha ngisho. Nakuba lokhu kwelashwa kungeke kuphulukise ngokuphelele umdlavuza, kungalawula ukukhula komdlavuza futhi kukuvumele ukuthi ube nabathandekayo bakho isikhathi eside.
Lomuthi usebenza kanjani?
Le mithi ivimba inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Angiogenesis eyenzeka emizimbeni yethu. Ngokuvamile, lena inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Cabanga ukuthi unenxeba esandleni sakho. Bese lawo maseli alimele ekhipha isignali ekhethekile (isignali ye-SOS) ethi, 'Sisize!'. Ngenxa yalesi signali, kwakheka ama-capillary amasha egazi avela emithanjeni yegazi ezungeze inxeba, enikeza inxeba igazi elidingekayo futhi liphulukiswe.
Manje into embi kakhulu lapha ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza nawo asebenzisa le nqubo enhle emizimbeni yethu ukuze azuze. Aphinde athumele izimpawu ezifanayo futhi adale imithambo yegazi emisha ukuze azondle.
Lokho okwenziwa yi-Angiogenesis Inhibitors ukuphazamisa leso simiso sokubonisa izimpawu.
- Isignali eyinhloko kulolu hlelo lokubonisa iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) .
- Uma le phrotheni, i-VEGF, ibopha kuma-receptor ebusweni bamaseli, ithumela umyalezo wokuthi kwakheke imithambo yegazi emisha.
- Le mithi iyayimisa le nqubo ngezindlela ezahlukene.
| Indlela esebenza ngayo | Izibonelo zezinhlobo zemithi |
|---|---|
| Ibopha iphrotheni ye-VEGF futhi iyivimbele ekubopheni kuma-receptor. | Imithi yokulwa nama-antibody e-monoclonal njenge-Bevacizumab (Avastin®). |
| Ivimba ngqo ukudluliswa kwesignali okuvela kuma-receptor e-VEGF. | Ama-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors afana neSorafenib (Nexavar®) kanye neSunitinib (Sutent®). |
| Ivimba ezinye izinhlelo zokubonisa izimpawu ezihilelekile ekwakhekeni kwemithambo yegazi ezimilanjeni zomdlavuza. | Ama-immunomodulators afana ne-Thalidomide ne-Lenalidomide (Revlimid®). |
Lo muthi usetshenziselwa ziphi izimo?
Odokotela bavame ukuncoma lokhu kwelashwa komdlavuza osethuthukile noma ophinde wavela ngemva kokwelashwa. Isibonelo:
- Umdlavuza wobuchopho
- Umdlavuza webele
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu
- Umdlavuza wezinso
- Umdlavuza wesibindi
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
- I-Lymphoma kanye ne-Multiple Myeloma
- Umdlavuza we-pancreatic
- Umdlavuza wesisu
- Umdlavuza we-thyroid
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lomuthi, olubizwa ngokuthi ama-VEGF inhibitors, luphinde lusetshenziswe ekwelapheni izifo ezithile zamehlo ezibangelwa ukukhula okungavamile kwemithambo yegazi emehlweni.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
Le mithi ayinikezwa yodwa. Ivame ukunikezwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza, njenge-chemotherapy noma i-immunotherapy. Kalula nje, ama-angiogenesis inhibitors abulala umdlavuza ngokuwuncisha ukudla, kuyilapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zibulala ngqo amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Kuye ngohlobo lomuthi owunikezwayo, ungawunikwa njengephilisi kanye noma kabili ngosuku, noma ungawunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Ubude bokwelashwa buxhomeke ohlotsheni lomuthi owunikezwayo kanye nesimo sakho sezokwelapha. Abanye abantu bayaqhubeka nokuphuza umuthi uma nje usebenza. Abanye kufanele bayeke uma bengakwazi ukubekezelela imiphumela emibi. Konke lokhu kunqunywa ngokukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese uhlola izinzuzo nezingozi zokwelashwa.
Ziyini izingozi nemiphumela emibi?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wazi ngezingozi nemiphumela emibi yokusebenzisa lo muthi kusenesikhathi, ukuze ukwazi ukubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emzimbeni wakho ngokushesha.
Eminye yemiphumela emibi yale mithi ingaba yingozi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.
| Umphumela/ingozi | Okufanele ukwazi |
|---|---|
| Umfutho wegazi ophakeme | Kubalulekile ukuqapha umfutho wegazi lakho njalo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. |
| Ukopha kwangaphakathi | Qaphela izimpawu ezifana nokuphuka noma kuphi emzimbeni kanye negazi esitulweni. |
| Ukupholisa amanxeba okulibaziseka | Udokotela uqaphela kakhulu ngokunikeza le mithi ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa. |
| Ukubhoboza kwamathumbu | Nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu, uma uzwa ubuhlungu besisu obungazelelwe, buza udokotela wakho ngokushesha. |
| Amahlule egazi | Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu futhi singaholela ezimweni ezifana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. |
| Eminye imiphumela emibi | Ukwehla kokusebenza kwe-thyroid kanye nokulimala kwesibindi nakho kungase kwenzeke. |
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kusabisa, kodwa udokotela wakho uzohlala eqapha impilo yakho kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuze lezi zingozi zitholakale futhi zilawulwe ngezinga elikhulu.
Ngingazinakekela kanjani? Kufanele ngishayele udokotela nini?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuba nolwazi oluphelele ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona ngaphambi kokuqala lo muthi. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emzimbeni wakho, ungazibona ngokushesha bese utshela udokotela wakho. Udokotela wakho angakunika eminye imithi yokulawula leyo miphumela emibi, noma ashintshe umthamo womuthi owuthathayo.
Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingalindelekile nezingavamile. Ikakhulukazi uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (isib. ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukungazweli ebusweni noma emalungeni), hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Ingabe zikhona izinto ezivimba le nqubo ngokwemvelo?
Yebo, okunye ukudla kuqukethe amakhemikhali angavimba ezinye zezimpawu ezihilelekile kule nqubo ye-angiogenesis. Lokhu kudla kuvame ukutholakala ekudleni kwaseMedithera. Isibonelo:
- Itiye eliluhlaza
- Amafutha omnqumo
- Amagilebhusi abomvu
- Amantongomane
- I-asparagus
Odokotela bacwaninga ngemithi emisha besebenzisa la makhemikhali emvelo, kodwa lolo cwaningo lusesesigabeni salo sokuqala.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula into ebalulekile lapha. Ukudla lokhu kudla ngeke kwelaphe umdlavuza noma kuvimbele ukukhula kwezimila ezinomdlavuza. Lokhu akulona neze indawo yemithi yomdlavuza enqunywe udokotela.
Kodwa-ke, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco kungasiza kakhulu ekugcineni umuntu edlula ekwelashweni komdlavuza enamandla. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi udla ukudla okunempilo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-Angiogenesis inhibitors uhlobo lomuthi ovimba ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi ehlinzeka ngegazi ezinhlambini zomdlavuza, olawula ukukhula kwazo.
- Nakuba lezi zingenakuphulukisa umdlavuza ngokuphelele, zingasiza ekulawuleni ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo futhi zandise isikhathi sokuphila.
- Ngokuvamile le mithi inikezwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njenge-chemotherapy.
- Njengoba imiphumela emibi eyingozi njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokuqhekeka kwegazi kungavela, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
- Ungalokothi usebenzise izithako zokudla zemvelo esikhundleni sokwelashwa. Landela njalo iseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
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