Wake wababona odokotela bebuza, "Iyini i-GCS score?" lapho umuntu elethwa esibhedlela ngemuva kwengozi? Noma lapho umuntu elahlekelwa ingqondo, bathi, "I-GCS iphansi"? Ungase uzibuze nokuthi iyini le GCS nokuthi ilinganisa ini. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngayo kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kusho ukuthini nje i-GCS?
Kalula nje, i-Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) iwuhlelo lokuthola amaphuzu olulinganisa futhi lulinganise izinga lokuqwashisa komuntu. Njengokuhlonza ukuhlolwa, kuvumela odokotela ukuthi bahlole ukuthi umuntu uphapheme kangakanani, ukuthi bayazi kangakanani ngendawo ebazungezile, nokuthi basabela kahle kangakanani emiyalweni elula.
Le ndlela yasungulwa okokuqala ngo-1974 yiqembu lochwepheshe eNyuvesi yaseGlasgow eScotland. Yingakho yathola igama layo. Nakuba igama elithi "coma" lisegameni, namuhla seliyindlela eyinhloko eyamukelwa emhlabeni, engasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela kuma-comas, kodwa futhi kunoma yisiphi isimo lapho ukwazi kungase kuphazamiseke khona.
Kuyini 'ukuqaphela' kwezokwelapha?
Sithi 'ukuqonda' uma kugcwaliseka izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko. Uma udokotela elinganisa ukuqonda kwakho, ugxila kulezi zinto ezintathu.
| Iphuzu | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlala uphapheme (Phaphama) | Lokhu akufani nokuvuka nje ebuthongweni. Ungavuka uma othile ekhuluma nawe, noma uma uthinta umzimba wakho. Awukwazi ukuvusa umuntu okwi-coma enjalo. |
| Isexwayiso | Ikhono lokuqonda izinto ezifana nokuthi kwenzekani eduze kwakho nokuthi ubani okhulumayo. |
| Ukuqonda komuntu ngesikhathi sendawo (Okuqondiwe) | Ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphi nesikhathi, njengokuthi ungubani, ukuphi, usuku luni, nokuthi isikhathi sini. |
Isetshenziswa nini i-GCS?
I-GCS iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlolwa kwezinzwa okwenziwa odokotela. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho umuntu engase alahlekelwe ukuqonda.
- Ukulimala ekhanda: I-GCS isetshenziselwa ukuhlola yonke into kusukela ekulimaleni okuncane njengokuxhuzula kobuchopho kuya ekulimaleni okukhulu kobuchopho. Isilinganiso se-GCS singenye yezinto eziyinhloko odokotela abazibhekayo lapho umuntu elethwa e -ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) ngemuva kwengozi.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Kukhona futhi izimo lapho ukulahlekelwa ingqondo kungenzeka khona ngisho nangaphandle kwengozi. Isibonelo:
- Ushukela wegazi ophansi kakhulu (hypoglycemia)
- Ngemva kokuquleka
- Ubuthi
Okubalulekile: Uma othile edla ubuthi noma ebudla ngephutha, kufanele kufunwe iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ungashayela iNational Poisons Information Centre eColombo National Hospital ukuze uthole iseluleko esisheshayo.
Yiziphi izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuthola amaphuzu e-GCS?
Udokotela unikeza amaphuzu e-GCS ngokusekelwe ezimpendulweni zesiguli ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko. Inani eliphelele lamaphuzu e-GCS libalwa ngokuhlanganisa lezi zindawo ezintathu ndawonye.
1. Impendulo Yamehlo (E): Lokhu kuhlola ngokuyinhloko ukuthi umuntu uphapheme futhi uqaphile kangakanani.
2. Impendulo Yomlomo (V): Lokhu kuhlola imisebenzi yobuchopho njengekhono lomuntu lokucabanga, inkumbulo, kanye nokuqaphela umhlaba omzungezile.
3. Impendulo Yokunyakaza (M): Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi ubuchopho bungayilawula kahle kangakanani imisipha, bulandele imiyalelo, nokuthi uhlelo lwezinzwa lusebenza kahle yini.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi singawathola kanjani amaphuzu kulezi zigaba.
| Impendulo | Indlela yokuhlola kanye nesici | Umphumela |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Impendulo Yamehlo (E) | ||
| Ngokuzenzekelayo | Ngaphandle kokwenza lutho, isiguli sihlala sivule amehlo ngokwemvelo. | 4 |
| Uma kukhulunywa no | Bayavula amehlo abo uma kubizwa igama labo noma uma bezwa okuthile. | 3 |
| Ubuhlungu/ukucindezeleka | Uma uzipho lucindezelwa kancane (kucindezelwa), amehlo ayavuleka. | 2 |
| Akukho mpendulo. | Ayikho indlela yokuvula amehlo akho. | 1 |
| 2. Impendulo Yomlomo (V) | ||
| Ngokuqonda | Uma bebuzwa ukuthi bangobani, bakuphi, nokuthi usuku lwabo lunjani, baphendula ngokunembile. | 5 |
| Ngokudideka | Bayakhuluma, kodwa abazi kahle ukuthi bakuphi nokuthi kwenzekeni. Bakhuluma ngokudideka. | 4 |
| Amagama angafanele | Bayakhuluma, kodwa basho amazwi angenamsebenzi angahlobene nhlobo nombuzo obuzwayo. | 3 |
| Imisindo engaqondakali | Abakhulumi amazwi, kodwa benza imisindo engenamsebenzi njengokububula. | 2 |
| Akukho mpendulo. | Akukhiphi msindo. | 1 |
| 3. Impendulo Yemoto (M) | ||
| Ukulandela imiyalelo | Imiyalelo elula efana nokuthi “phakamisa isandla sakho” kanye nokuthi “khipha ulimi lwakho” ilandelwa kahle. | 6 |
| Ukugxila ebuhlungwini | Uma ingxenye yomzimba icindezelwa, umuntu uzama ukuthinta noma ukususa indawo ebuhlungu. | 5 |
| Ukuqeda ubuhlungu | Esikhundleni sokuzama ukuthinta indawo ebuhlungu, bazama ukuziqhelelanisa nobuhlungu. | 4 |
| Ukugoba okungavamile | Ngenxa yobuhlungu, izitho zigoba ngendlela engavamile zibheke esifubeni. | 3 |
| Ukunwebeka okungavamile | Ngenxa yobuhlungu, izitho ziyaqonda futhi zeluleke ngendlela engavamile. | 2 |
| Akukho mpendulo. | Akukho ukunyakaza komzimba. | 1 |
Iyiphi indlela entsha ebizwa ngokuthi i-GCS-P?
Muva nje, uhlelo lwe-GCS luye lwathuthukiswa futhi kufakwe isici esisha esibizwa ngokuthi i-GCS-P . Lapha, uhlamvu 'P' lumelela 'Umfundi', okusho ukuthi umfundi weso . Impendulo yomfundi ekukhanyeni ingatshela okuningi mayelana nokusebenza kobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kubhekwa kanye nesilinganiso se-GCS.
- Isilinganiso 0: Amasongo amnyama emehlweni womabili asabela ekukhanyeni.
- Iphuzu 1: Linye kuphela iso eliphendulayo.
- Isilinganiso sesi-2: Akukho mpendulo emehlweni womabili.
Leli phuzu lisuswa kuphuzu le-GCS langaphambilini. Okusho ukuthi, uma amaphuzu e-GCS engu-3 futhi kungekho mpendulo emehlweni womabili (iphuzu 2), amaphuzu e-GCS-P angu-1 (3 - 2 = 1). Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiguli sisekufeni okujulile kakhulu.
Zithini izimpawu?
Isamba samaphuzu e-GCS singanikeza umbono oqondile ngesimo sesiguli.
- Amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu angu-15. (E4 + V5 + M6 = 15). Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiguli siyaqonda ngokugcwele, sikhuluma kahle, futhi siyazi kahle indawo esikuyo.
- Amaphuzu aphansi kakhulu angu-3. (E1 + V1 + M1 = 3). Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiguli sikwi-coma ejulile, asisabeli.
Ngokuvamile, amaphuzu e-GCS angu-8 noma ngaphansi abhekwa njenge-coma. Uma amaphuzu ephansi, isimo siba sibi kakhulu.
Ekulimaleni ekhanda, ubukhulu bokulimala buhlukaniswa ngokwesilinganiso se-GCS.
- Amaphuzu 13-15: Ukulimala okuncane kobuchopho okubuhlungu - njengokuxhuzula kwekhanda.
- Amaphuzu 9-12: I-TBI Ephakathi.
- Amaphuzu 3-8: I-TBI Enzima.
Yini okufanele ngiyazi ngesikolo se-GCS sengane yami?
Uma ilungu lomndeni noma umngane wakho elele esibhedlela futhi odokotela bekhuluma ngamamaki e-GCS, ungesabi futhi khumbula lezi zinto.
- Lokhu akusiwo amaphuzu nje kuphela. Nakuba amaphuzu e-GCS enikeza umbono oqondile ngesimo sesiguli, kunolwazi oluningi ngemuva kwawo. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokulalela amaphuzu nje, khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele ngesimo sesiguli.
- I-GCS ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa njalo. Kwezinye izimo, amaphuzu e-GCS awakwazi ukulinganiswa ngokunembile. Isibonelo, uma othile exhunywe kumshini wokuphefumula ukuze amsize aphefumule, izimpendulo zenkulumo azikwazi ukulinganiswa. Futhi, uma amehlo elimele, izimpendulo zamehlo azikwazi ukubonakala.
- I-GCS akuyona yodwa ithuluzi elisetshenziswa ukubikezela ukubikezela. Nakuba odokotela besebenzisa amaphuzu e-GCS ukubikezela ukubikezela kwesiguli, abakubheki lokho kuphela. Baphinde bacabangele ezinye izivivinyo, njenge-CT scans, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isikali se-Glasgow Coma (GCS) uhlelo lokuhlola amaphuzu olwamukelwa emhlabeni wonke olulinganisa ukuqonda komuntu.
- Lokhu kuhlola izimpendulo ngamehlo, inkulumo, kanye nokunyakaza komzimba.
- Amaphuzu asukela ku-3 (i-deep coma) kuya ku-15 (ukuqaphela okugcwele). Amaphuzu angu-8 noma ngaphansi abhekwa njengobunzima.
- Ngokuhlola njalo amaphuzu e-GCS, odokotela bangaqonda ukuthi isimo sesiguli siyathuthuka noma siyaba sibi.
- Uma uthola ulwazi ngesilinganiso se-GCS somuntu omthandayo, ungakhathazeki nje ngenombolo. Njalo khuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uqonde isimo sonke ngokucacile.
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