Ingabe unesifo somphimbo esingapheli izinsuku eziningi? Noma ingabe kukhona isilonda esincane ekhoneni lomlomo wakho esingeke siphole futhi esikubangela ukungakhululeki? Mhlawumbe uzizwa sengathi yiqhubu elincane uma uthinta intamo yakho. Sivame ukukhohlwa ngalezi zinto, sicabanga ukuthi ziwumkhuhlane noma ukutheleleka okuncane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu ezincane zingaba uphawu lokuqala lwento engathi sína okudingeka siyinake. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko abantu abaningi abangakhulumi ngaso, kodwa sonke okudingeka sisiqaphele - umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo.
Uyini Umdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo?
Kalula nje, "umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo" akuyona uhlobo olulodwa lomdlavuza. Yigama elijwayelekile lezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza eziqala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zekhanda nentamo yakho. Iningi lalawa liqala emaseli ayisicaba azungeze izicubu ezimanzi ngaphakathi komlomo wakho, umphimbo (i-pharynx), ibhokisi lezwi, kanye nekhala. Ngokwezokwelapha, lawa abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-squamous. Yingakho iningi lalawa mamdlavuza libizwa ngokuthi i-Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC).
Uma utholakale unalolu hlobo lomdlavuza, udokotela wakho womdlavuza uzosebenza nawe ukuze anqume ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezikulungele. Umgomo oyinhloko lapha ukuvikela umzimba omningi ngangokunokwenzeka okusisiza sikhulume, sidle, futhi siveze imizwa ngenkathi silwa nomdlavuza. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa ngokushesha, amathuba okululama ngokugcwele ayanda.
Yiziphi izindawo eziyinhloko lapho lo mdlavuza ungavela khona?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Lezi zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuthi zenzeka kuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Uhlobo Lomdlavuza | Izindawo ezithintekile |
|---|---|
| Umdlavuza Womlomo | Izindebe, izinsini, ulimi, izihlathi, kanye nezinhlangothi zangaphakathi zezindebe, ulwanga oluphezulu nolungezansi lomlomo, ngemuva kwamazinyo. |
| Umdlavuza Wendlala Yamathe | Okuhlobene nezindlala zamathe. |
| Umgodi Wekhala kanye Nomdlavuza Wesinus weParanasal | Okuphathelene nomgodi ongaphakathi kwekhala noma imigodi (ama-sinuses) emathanjeni azungeze ikhala. |
| Umdlavuza Wekhala | Engxenyeni engenhla yomphimbo. |
| Umdlavuza We-Oropharyngeal | Ingxenye ephakathi yomphimbo, eduze kwamathonsi kanye nesisekelo solimi. |
| Umdlavuza we-Hypopharyngeal | Engxenyeni engezansi yomphimbo. |
| Umdlavuza We-Laryngeal | Ihlotshaniswa nebhokisi lezwi (i-larynx), eliqukethe izintambo zezwi ezikhiqiza izwi lethu. |
Ziyini izimpawu zalezi zinhlanzana?
Izimpawu zalezi zinhlanzana zivame kakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala. Zifana nezomkhuhlane noma ukutheleleka komphimbo. Yingakho abantu abaningi bengazinaki. Kodwa khumbula, umphimbo obuhlungu ohlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu uphawu oluvame kakhulu noluyinhloko lwalezi zinhlanzana.
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ongase ube nazo kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza.
| Izimpawu ozibonayo | Izimpawu ongazibona noma ozizwayo |
|---|---|
| Umphimbo obuhlungu ongapheli. | Isigaxa/isigaxa emphinjeni, emlonyeni, noma entanyeni. |
| Ubuhlungu bendlebe obuvamile noma izimpawu zokutheleleka kwendlebe (ngisho noma indlebe ibonakala ijwayelekile uma ihlolwa udokotela). | Isilonda emlonyeni noma olimini esingapholi. |
| Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala bukhona. | Ukopha impumulo njalo, ukopha ngamathe noma amafinyila. |
| Ubuhlungu ebusweni noma entanyeni obungapheli. | Ibala elimhlophe noma elibomvu ezinsinini, olimini, noma ngaphakathi emlonyeni. |
| Ubuhlungu emazinyweni angaphezulu. | Ukuvuvukala emhlathini, entanyeni, noma ohlangothini lobuso (lokhu kungase kuvimbele amazinyo okufakelwa ukuthi angangeni kahle). |
| Ubuhlungu lapho uhlafuna noma ugwinya ukudla. | - |
| Ukushoshozela noma ukushintsha kwezwi. | - |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukukhuluma. | - |
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kungase kube yinto evamile. Kodwa ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi kwenzekani, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha bese uthola ukuhlolwa okuphelele.
Kungani lezi zinhlanzana zikhula? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Umdlavuza uqala lapho iseli elivamile emzimbeni wethu lishintsha ngesizathu esithile futhi liqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki. Lokhu kuqongelela kwamangqamuzana kwakha isimila. Lesi simila singangena ezicutshini ezizungezile futhi sisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Abacwaningi bathole izici eziningana ezibalulekile ezithinta lezi zinguquko zamaseli.
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi: Lesi isitha esikhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kuyimbangela yama-70% kuya kuma-80% omdlavuza wekhanda nentamo emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa konke kusukela ekubhemeni ugwayi nogwayi kuya ekuhlafuneni ugwayi nokusebenzisa isinemfu. Ngisho noma ungabhemi, ukuba seduze nomuntu obhemayo (ukubhema intuthu kagwayi) kwandisa ingozi yakho.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Ukusebenzisa utshwala nakho kuyisici esikhulu sengozi. Ingozi inkulu nakakhulu uma usebenzisa utshwala nogwayi.
- I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Leli yigciwane elidluliselwa ngocansi. Emazweni athuthukile, ukutheleleka kwe-HPV manje kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yalezi zimdlavuza, kudlula ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi.
- Ukuhlafuna i-betel nut: Lena inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ezweni lethu kanye namazwe aseNingizimu Asia. Imbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza womlomo eSri Lanka ukuhlafuna i-betel nut kanye namaqabunga e-betel. Lo mkhuba wandisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo.
Ezinye izinto eziyingozi:
- Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr (EBV): Ukutheleleka ngaleli gciwane kungabangela umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal noma umdlavuza wezindlala zamathe.
- Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka: Uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka, asikwazi ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza. Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela singaba buthaka ngenxa yezici ezifana nokutheleleka nge-HIV kanye nokuhlinzwa njengokufakelwa isitho somzimba.
- Izimbangela zofuzo: Ezinye izimo zofuzo, isibonelo, i-Fanconi anemia, zingandisa ingozi yokuthola lo mdlavuza.
- Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezibangela umdlavuza: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-asbestos, izibulala-zinambuzane, uthuli lwezinkuni, umusi wopende, njll.
- Ukuchayeka emisebeni: Uma uke wathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe endaweni yekhanda noma yentamo ngaphambilini.
- Ukudla okunosawoti nokugciniwe: Ukudla njalo inyama nenhlanzi enosawoti.
- Ukunganaki impilo yomlomo: Ukungagcini amazinyo nezinsini zakho zihlanzekile kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?
Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukuqala ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Udokotela uzohlola ngokucophelela umlomo wakho, ikhala, umphimbo kanye nentamo. Uzozwa nezigaxa noma amaqhubu entanyeni, ezindebeni nasezinsinini zakho.
Ngemva kwalokho, ungathunyelwa ezivivinyweni ezinjengalezi, uma kudingeka:
- I-Endoscopy: Ipayipi elincane, elikhanyayo lisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ingaphakathi lekhala lakho, umphimbo, noma ibhokisi lezwi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray, i-CT scan, i-MRIs, kanye ne-PET scans kungabona izimila emzimbeni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu:Uma ubona noma yini esolisayo, ungathola ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza ubangelwa yigciwane le-HPV.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Lena yindlela kuphela yokuqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi iqhubu linomdlavuza noma cha. Kulokhu, kuthathwa ingcezu encane yezicubu eqhubu bese kuhlolwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Izindlela zokwelapha zincike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani (isigaba), kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ukuhlinzwa: Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, odokotela abahlinzayo bazama ukususa ngokuphelele isimila kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo ezisizungezile. Uma kukhona okusolakala ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node, ama-lymph node entanyeni nawo angasuswa.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa ama-X-ray anamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kungenziwa kodwa noma kuhlanganiswe nokuhlinzwa kanye ne-chemotherapy.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezithuthukile lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke khona.
Uma umdlavuza usuqhubekele phambili noma ubuya ngemva kokwelashwa, udokotela angase ancome nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ezifana nalezi:
- Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Le mithi isebenza ezinhlosweni ezithile kumaseli omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezingalawuleki: Le mithi isiza amasosha omzimba ethu ukuthi aqaphele futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Ungazivikela kanjani kulezi zimo zomdlavuza?
Kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sizivikele kulezi zinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza.
- Yeka ukusebenzisa ugwayi ngokuphelele: Yeka yonke imikhiqizo kagwayi, okuhlanganisa ugwayi, ugwayi ohlafunwayo, kanye noshungamu.
- Nciphisa noma uyeke ukuphuza utshwala: Ukunciphisa utshwala kunganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
- Thola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV: Umuthi wokugomela obizwa ngokuthi i-Gardasil 9® uvikela ezinhlotsheni eziningana zegciwane le-HPV.
- Zivikele elangeni: Ukusebenzisa isithako sokuvikela ilanga nokugqoka izingubo ezimboza isikhumba sakho uma uselangeni kungakusiza ekuvikeleni emdlavuza wesikhumba ekhanda, entanyeni nasebusweni.
- Gcina impilo yomlomo enhle: Hlanza amazinyo akho nsuku zonke futhi ugcine izinsini zakho ziphilile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu ongapholi, isilonda emlonyeni, ukushintsha kwezwi, noma iqhubu entanyeni yakho elihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili.
- Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha, kulapho ukwelashwa kuzophumelela khona.
- Ukubhema, ukuphuza utshwala, nokuhlafuna ugwayi yizinto ezibangela umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Isivikelo esingcono kakhulu ongase usithathe ukuyeka le mikhuba.
- Ungazivikela kulesi sifo esibi ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo nokugwema izinto eziyingozi.
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