Kuyini Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo? Ake sifunde kahle ngalesi simo esiyingozi.

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ubuhlungu noma ukuqina esifubeni sakho? Iningi lethu licabanga ukuthi, "Lokhu kumelwe ukuthi kuyisifo sofuba." Kodwa akuwona wonke ubuhlungu esifubeni obuyisifo sofuba. Kungaba ukuqala kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okukhulu, okusongela ukuphila, noma lokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Uma kuqashelwa ngesikhathi, kungasindisa impilo. Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokunembile nangokulula namuhla.

Kalula nje, kuyini ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, okwaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi "i-Myocardial Infarction", kuyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu esenzeka lapho imisipha yenhliziyo ingatholi inani elidingekayo legazi. Cabanga ukuthi ipayipi eliletha amanzi endlini yethu livalekile ngothuli. Khona-ke amanzi awaphumi empompini, akunjalo? Kunjalo-ke, lapho omunye noma ngaphezulu wemithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi) ethwala igazi enhliziyweni ivalekile, igazi aligelezi engxenyeni ethile yenhliziyo.

Uma ukugeleza kwegazi kulahleka, imisipha yenhliziyo encishisiwe igazi iqala ukufa. Uma ukugeleza kwegazi kungabuyiselwa ngokushesha, lokhu kungabangela umonakalo ongapheli enhliziyweni noma ngisho nokufa.

Kwenzekani ngempela uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?

Uma uhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ukugeleza kwegazi engxenyeni yenhliziyo yakho kuyama ngokuphelele noma kunciphe kakhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi imisipha yenhliziyo yonakale noma ife. Uma ingxenye yenhliziyo ifa ngaphandle kwegazi, ayisakwazi ukupompa igazi. Lokhu kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kokupompa kwenhliziyo yonke. Lokhu kunganciphisa noma kumise ukugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kungaba yingozi uma kungelashwa ngokushesha.

Zingaba yini izimpawu zalokhu?

Kungaba nezimpawu eziningi zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ezinye zivame kakhulu, ezinye azivamile kangako. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi lezi zimpawu kahle.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko abantu abaningi ababhekana nazo yilezi:

Ingabe kukhona umehluko ezimpawini phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane?

Yebo, leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Izimpawu abesifazane abazizwayo lapho behlaselwa yinhliziyo zingahluka kwezabesilisa.

• Abesifazane banamathuba amancane okuzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni kunabesilisa. Kunalokho, bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya, ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuqwasha, isicanucanu nokuhlanza . Bangase babe nobuhlungu emhlane, emahlombe, entanyeni, ezingalweni, noma esiswini.
• Amadoda ngokuvamile anamathuba amaningi okuzwa ubuhlungu besifuba "obuvamile" esibaziyo sonke.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abesifazane ikakhulukazi baqaphele lezi zimpawu ezahlukene.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?

Iningi lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo libangelwa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Imbangela enkulu yalokhu ukufakwa kwe-cholesterol (i-Plaque) . Njengoba nje uma uthela uwoyela esinkini sasekhishini, uwoyela ubhajwa ngaphakathi kwamapayipi, i-cholesterol nezinye izinto zibhajwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yethu bese zakha ungqimba. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi `(I-Atherosclerosis).` Lapho ukufakwa kwe-cholesterol kwanda futhi imithambo yegazi incipha, sibiza leso simo ngokuthi `(Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo)`.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ubuso balezi zinsalela ze-cholesterol buyaqhuma. Ihlule legazi lingakheka endaweni lapho kuqhume khona bese lihlala khona. Uma leli hlule livimba ngokuphelele umthambo wegazi, lingavimba ukugeleza kwegazi emisipheni yenhliziyo, okubangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Ngaphezu kwalesi sizathu esiyinhloko, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungenzeka nangenxa yezinye izizathu ezingavamile kakhulu (cishe u-5% wazo zonke ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo).

• Ukuncipha okungazelelwe kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo (i-Coronary artery spasm).
• Izimo zezokwelapha ezingavamile ezibangela ukucinana okungavamile kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo ngenxa yengozi.
• I-Embolism yilapho into efana nehlule legazi elakheke kwenye indawo emzimbeni ihamba bese inamathela emthanjeni wegazi enhliziyweni.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokudla kungabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside enhliziyweni.

Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi ezingathinta ingozi yokuba nesifo senhliziyo. Ezinye zazo asikwazi ukuzishintsha, kodwa ezinye singazilawula.

Odokotela bakubona kanjani ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo?

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuvame ukutholakala egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (i-ETU). Uma uya e-ETU unezimpawu zakho, udokotela uzokuxilonga. Bazohlola izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, umfutho wegazi, balalele inhliziyo namaphaphu akho, futhi babuze nganoma yiziphi izimpawu oye wazizwa.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa lesi simo.

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Lena yindlela ethembeke kakhulu yokuthola ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lapho imisipha yenhliziyo yonakele, ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi ``Cardiac Troponin`` ikhishwa egazini isuka kulawo maseli. Lokhu kulinganiswa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.
• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Lolu ukuhlolwa kokuqala ozokunikwa uma uya ku-ETU. Kubheka izimpawu zikagesi zenhliziyo yakho ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo enhliziyweni yakho noma ukuthi kukhona yini ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.
• I-Echocardiogram: Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwe-ultrasound. Kuthatha izithombe zangaphakathi nangaphandle kwenhliziyo yakho ukuze kubonakale ukuthi iphampa kahle kangakanani nokuthi ama-valve asebenza kahle yini.
• I-Coronary Angiogram: Lokhu kuhlola kusebenzisa idayi ekhethekile kanye ne-X-ray ukuthatha izithombe zemithambo yegazi enhliziyweni. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ikhona yini imithambo yegazi evalekile.

Iphathwa kanjani?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha isifo senhliziyo ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi emisipheni yenhliziyo eyonakele ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kungafezwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene, kusukela emithini kuya ekuhlinzweni.

Ukwelashwa okusheshayo

• Umoya-mpilo: Umoya-mpilo unikezwa labo abanenkinga yokuphefumula ngethubhu yamakhala noma imaski yomlomo.
• Izinhlobo zemithi:
• Ama-anticoagulant: Ama- anticoagulant anciphisa igazi njenge-aspirin.
• I-Nitroglycerin: Lokhu kunciphisa ubuhlungu besifuba futhi kwandise imithambo yegazi, okwenza kube lula ukuthi igazi ligeleze.
• Ama-Painkiller: Imithi efana ne-morphine inikezwa ukunciphisa ubuhlungu besifuba.
• I-Thrombolytics: Lokhu kunikezwa zingakapheli amahora angu-12 okuqala ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Ama-Beta-blocker: Lawa alawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo, anike inhliziyo ukuphumula futhi ayisize ukuthi ilulame.
• Ama-statin: Lawa alawula i-cholesterol, aqinise ukufakwa kwe-cholesterol emithanjeni yegazi, futhi avimbele okunye ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Ukwelashwa okuqondile

• Ukungenelela Kwenhliziyo Okuhamba Ngesicubu (PCI) / I-Angioplasty: Lena yindlela yokwelapha evame kakhulu. Kalula nje, ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) lifakwa ngomlenze noma engalweni emthanjeni wegazi enhliziyweni, bese kufakwa idivayisi efana nebhaluni ukuze kuvulwe indawo evinjiwe. I -stent , idivayisi efana ne-mesh, ibe isifakwa endaweni ukuze imithambo ingaphinde ivaleke.Ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa ngokushesha kangakanani kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yesiguli.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwemithambo Yenhliziyo (i-CABG): Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass . Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa lapho imithambo yegazi enhliziyweni ivalekile kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye yomthambo wegazi kwenye ingxenye yomzimba (ngokuvamile isifuba, ingalo, noma umlenze) bese kudala indlela entsha yokuthi igazi ligeleze endaweni evalekile.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?

Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze uzizwe ungcono ngemva kokwelashwa sincike ebunzimeni bokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukuthi ukwelashwa kwaqala nini, kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha owawunazo.

Isilinganiso sokuhlala esibhedlela simi kanje:

• Uma welashwa ngemithi yodwa: Cishe izinsuku eziyi-6.
• Uma ukwelashwa nge-PCI/Stent kwenziwe: Cishe izinsuku ezi-4.
• Uma uke waba nokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass (CABG): Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okukhulu futhi ukululama kuthatha isikhathi. Kungase kudingeke uhlale izinsuku ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-12.

Kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela emavikini amabili kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu ukululama ngokuphelele esibhedlela nokubuyela emsebenzini kanye nemisebenzi evamile. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo eqondile ngalokhu.

Yini okufanele uyenze ukuze usinde ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo futhi uvimbele ukuthi ingaphinde yenzeke?

Kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Uma usuvele unayo, kubalulekile ukwenza lezi zinto ukuvimbela enye.

• Thola iseluleko esifanele sezokwelapha: Vakashela udokotela womndeni wakho (PCP) ukuze uhlolwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Hlola izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi, amazinga kashukela, kanye namazinga e-cholesterol.
• Yeka ukubhema ngokuphelele: Ugwayi, ugwayi, kanye nogwayi kagesi (vaping) kufanele kuyekwe konke.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo: Thola okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca ngamandla aphakathi ngosuku, okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto. Ngisho nokuhamba ngokushesha kuhle.
• Yamukela ukudla okunempilo: Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, usawoti, ushukela, ukudla okusheshayo, kanye nokudla okupakishwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Faka imifino eminingi, izithelo, amakhambi, kanye nenyama engenamafutha amaningi kanye nenhlanzi ekudleni kwakho.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ngobude bakho.
• Lawula ezinye izifo: Uma unesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma i-cholesterol, thatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi esifanele.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka: Khulula ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana ne-yoga nokuzindla.

Kungani uthi ngo-1990 esikhundleni sokuya esibhedlela wedwa?

Uma unezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukushayela ucingo ku-1990 bese uthola i-ambulensi kungaba yindlela yokusindisa impilo, kunokuthola imoto bese uzishayela uye esibhedlela. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

1. Ukwelashwa kungaqala nge-ambulensi: Abasebenzi bezokwelapha abaqeqeshwe kwi-ambulensi bangaqala ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo (njenge-ECG) kanye nokwelashwa (i-oxygen, i-aspirin) okudingayo endleleni eya esibhedlela. Lokhu kusindisa isikhathi esibalulekile.

2. Uzothola ukunakekelwa okusheshayo esibhedlela: Uma ufika nge-ambulensi, uzokwaziswa kusenesikhathi ukuthi uyisiguli esiphuthumayo, ngakho uzothola ukunakekelwa okusheshayo nokwelashwa e-ETU.

3. Uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo endleleni: Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungabangela inhliziyo yakho ukuthi ishaye ngokungajwayelekile noma ime, okubangela ukuthi ulahlekelwe ingqondo. Lokhu kungaba yingozi enkulu uma ushayela imoto. Uma lokhu kwenzeka nge-ambulensi, bangakusiza ngokushesha futhi bakusindise.

Khumbula, "Umzuzwana ngamunye owugcinayo uyingxenye yenyama enhliziyweni yakho." Lokho kusho ukuthi uthola ithuba elingcono empilweni.