Sonke siyawazi umsindo wokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi sizwa lokhu kushaya kahle kakhulu uma sesaba noma sijabule. Kodwa uyazi ukuthi inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani ngemuva kwalokhu kushaya okukodwa? Konke lokhu kulawulwa amakamelo amancane amane ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo yethu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngala makamelo enhliziyo. Lawa afana nezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zenjini yomzimba wethu.
Kulungile, ayini la makamelo enhliziyo? Enzani?
Kalula nje, kunezikhala ezine ezingenalutho enhliziyweni yakho esizibiza ngokuthi Amakamelo Enhliziyo . Njengoba nje kunezindawo ezine endlini. La makamelo amane anamagama amane.
- Amakamelo amabili aphezulu: Siwabiza ngokuthi i-atria . Elinye yi-atrium yangakwesokudla, kanti elinye yi-atrium yangakwesokunxele.
- Amakamelo amabili angezansi: Siwabiza ngokuthi ama-ventricle . Elinye liyi-ventricle yesokudla, kanti elinye liyi-ventricle yesobunxele.
La makamelo amane asebenza ndawonye ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho nokupompa igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Cabanga nje, uma wesaba noma ukhathazekile, inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha, akunjalo? Ngokushaya ngakunye, kwenzeka uhlelo olumangalisayo ngaphakathi kwala makamelo amane. Yiwo agcina igazi lakho lihamba emithanjeni yakho. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa futhi kungenxa yobunye bala makamelo amane ukuthi umoya-mpilo odingwa yizitho zethu uyanezelwa egazini nokuthi igazi elihlanzekile lisakazwa kuwo wonke umzimba.
Yini ngempela eyenziwa yikamelo ngalinye?
Uma sibheka inhliziyo, kufana neqembu elikhulu elisebenzela umgomo ofanayo. Kunabadlali abane kuleli qembu. Lawa ngamakamelo amane. Bonke bayasizana. Futhi inqubo yokupompa inhliziyo yenziwa ngokusebenzisana nama-valve nemithambo yegazi enhliziyweni.
La makamelo amane angabadlali ababaluleke kakhulu (ama-MVP) kuleli qembu. Kungenxa yomsebenzi abawenzayo ukuthi igazi elidala emzimbeni wethu liyahlanzwa futhi lithunyelwe kuwo wonke umzimba njengegazi elisha njalo ngomzuzwana. Ake sibone ukuthi ngamunye walaba badlali wenzani.
| Igumbi Lenhliziyo | Umsebenzi |
|---|---|
| I-Atrium Engakwesokudla | Umdlalo uqala lapha. Umzimba uphansi komoya-mpilo (ungenawo umoya-mpilo), okungukuthi, yileli eliqoqa lonke igazi elingcolile. Leli gazi liza futhi liqoqeke ngemithambo emibili emikhulu ebizwa ngokuthi iSuperior Vena Cava kanye ne-Inferior Vena Cava. Bese i-atrium yangakwesokudla idlulisela leli gazi kumdlali olandelayo, okuyi-ventricle yangakwesokudla. |
| I-Ventricle Yangakwesokudla | Igazi elivela ku-atrium yangakwesokudla lingena ku-ventricle yangakwesokudla nge-valve ye-tricuspid. Lapha, i-ventricle yangakwesokudla iyafinyela ngokushesha bese ipompa leli gazi nge-valve yamaphaphu liye emaphashini . Kusemaphashini lapho leli gazi lithola khona umoya-mpilo odingwa ngumzimba. Igazi eliseline-oxygen futhi elihlanziwe libuyela enhliziyweni. |
| I-Atrium Yesobunxele | Igazi elinomoya-mpilo (okungukuthi, elihlanzekile) elivela emaphashini lingena ku-atrium yangakwesobunxele. Manje leli gazi selilungele ukuya emzimbeni wonke. I-atrium yangakwesobunxele ithumela leli gazi elihlanzekile ku-ventricle yangakwesobunxele nge-valve ye-mitral. |
| I-Ventricle Yesobunxele | Leli yigumbi lokugcina kwamane enhliziyo. I-ventricle yesobunxele yigumbi elinamandla kakhulu enhliziyweni. Yileli gumbi elimpompa leli gazi elihlanzekile nge-aortic valve liye ku-aorta bese lilisabalalisa emzimbeni wonke. Kufana nokushaya igoli lokuwina emdlalweni. Le nqubo yenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe njalo ngokushaya kwenhliziyo. |
Likuphi leli gumbi elisenhliziyweni? Lenziwe ngani?
Inhliziyo yakho itholakala ngaphakathi kwe-rib cage yesifuba sakho, ngakwesobunxele sethambo lesifuba sakho, phakathi kwamaphaphu akho. Amakamelo amane enhliziyo yakho ahlelwe ukuze kube lula ukugeleza kwegazi. I-atria yimakamelo amabili aphezulu. Ama-ventricle yimakamelo amabili aphansi.
Izinhlangothi zenhliziyo zesokudla nesobunxele zihlukaniswe yizicubu ezibizwa ngokuthi i-septum . Lokhu kuvimbela igazi elingcolile, elinamazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo, ukuthi lingahlangani negazi elihlanzekile, elinamazinga aphezulu omoya-mpilo.
Izindonga zamagumbi enhliziyo zakhiwe yimisipha yenhliziyo. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho le misipha ifinyela futhi iphumula.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma sikhuluma ngamakamelo enhliziyo, asikwazi ukukhohlwa ngama-valve. Lawa ma-valve afana neminyango ephakathi kwamakamelo. Ayavuleka futhi avaleke ukuze igazi ligeleze lisuka kwelinye igumbi liye kwelinye futhi liphume enhliziyweni.
Umjikelezo ojwayelekile wokopha umi kanje:
1. Igazi elingcolile elivela emzimbeni wonke liza enhliziyweni.
2. Inhliziyo ithumela lelo gazi emaphashini.
3. Igazi elihlanzwa emaphashini libuyela enhliziyweni.
4. Inhliziyo ipompa igazi elihlanzekile emzimbeni wonke.
Amakamelo amane namavalvu amane asebenza ndawonye ukugcina lo mjikelezo usebenza kahle.
Izifo nezimo ezithinta amakamelo enhliziyo
Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kusebenza ngokubambisana enhliziyweni kungaphazamiseka. Ezinye izinkinga ziba khona ngaphambi kokuba sizalwe (isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso). Ezinye izinkinga zingavela njengoba sikhula. Njengoba amakamelo enhliziyo ebaluleke kakhulu esakhiweni senhliziyo, izifo eziningi zenhliziyo zihlobene nala makamelo. Ake sibheke ezinye zalezi zinkinga.
Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo (i-Arrhythmias)
Lokhu ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okubangelwa inkinga ohlelweni lukagesi lwenhliziyo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlobene ngqo namakamelo enhliziyo.
- I-Supraventricular Arrhythmias: Lokhu kuqala emakamelweni amabili aphezulu, i-atria. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu yi -atrial fibrillation (Afib) . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-atria inganciphi kahle bese iqhaqhazela. Lokhu kuyivimbela ekupompeni igazi ezicutshini zomzimba kahle. Ungase ungabi nazimpawu. Uma unezimpawu, zingase zihlanganise umuzwa wokuphaphazela esifubeni sakho, umuzwa wokuthi inhliziyo yakho iyashaya, isicanucanu, isiyezi, kanye nokuphefumula okunzima. Uma ingelashwa, ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi iyanda cishe ngokuphindwe kahlanu.
- I-Ventricular Arrhythmias: Lokhu kuqala emakamelweni amabili enhliziyo, abizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricle. Ngezinye izikhathi awayona ingozi. Isibonelo, ungase ube ne -Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) uma une-high blood pressure noma uphuza ikhofi eningi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ziyingozi kakhulu. I-Ventricular Fibrillation (Vfib) yisimo esibi kakhulu kulezi zimo. Kungabangela ukumiswa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe ngisho nokufa. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo ingatholi igazi elanele. I-Vfib iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma umuntu engazi lutho futhi engaphefumuli kahle, kufanele ayiswe eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
Isifo Se-Valve Yenhliziyo
Ngezinye izikhathi ama-valve enhliziyweni angonakala futhi ayeke ukusebenza kahle. Lezi zinkinga zivame kakhulu njengoba sikhula.
- I-Aortic Stenosis: Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi:Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ivalvu ethwala igazi lisuka kwi-ventricle yesobunxele liya kwi-aorta, ivalvu ye-aorta, incipha. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi liphume. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu besifuba, isiyezi, kanye nokuvuvukala emilenzeni.
- Ukubuyela kwe-Tricuspid: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-valve ye-tricuspid, i-valve ethwala igazi lisuka ku-atrium yangakwesokudla liye ku-ventricle yangakwesokudla, ingavali kahle. Lokhu kuvumela igazi elithile ukuthi livuze emuva, lisuka ku-ventricle liye ku-atrium. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokuvuvuka kwemithambo entanyeni, ukukhathala, nokuvuvukala emilenzeni.
I-Endocarditis
Uma igciwane, njengebhaktheriya, lingena egazini lakho bese liya enhliziyweni yakho, lingangena olwelwesini lwenhliziyo yakho kanye nama-valve ayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-endocarditis . Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, amakhaza, ukujuluka ebusuku, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu futhi kufanele ubone udokotela ngokushesha bese uthola ama-antibiotic. Uma singelashwa, singadala umonakalo ongapheli enhliziyweni yakho.
Iziphambeko ze-Single Ventricle
Lezi yizimo ezingavamile kakhulu eziba khona lapho kuzalwa. Kulokhu, enye yama-valve ingase ingakhuli kahle, ibe ncane, noma i-valve ingekho.
- I-Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS): Uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo alukhuli kahle.
- I-Pulmonary Atresia: I-valve yamaphaphu ivinjiwe noma yakhiwe ngendlela engavamile.
- I-Tricuspid Atresia: I-valve ye-tricuspid ayakheki kahle, ngakho-ke igazi alikwazi ukugeleza lisuka ku-atrium efanele liye ku-ventricle efanele.
Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi amakamelo ami enhliziyo aphilile?
Isifo senhliziyo sibizwa ngokuthi "umbulali othule" ngoba ngezinye izikhathi singakhula ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo bese utshela udokotela wakho uma kukhona emndenini wakho oke waba nesifo senhliziyo.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlola impilo yenhliziyo yakho:
- Ukulalela nge-stethoscope: Lokhu kungabona imisindo yenhliziyo engavamile (ukububula) kanye nezinkinga ze-valve.
- I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo.
- I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwenhliziyo. Kungaqapha ngokuseduze ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kanye nesimo sama-valve.
Ukwelashwa kuncike esimweni sakho. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase utshelwe ukuthi wenze izinguquko ezincane endleleni yokuphila (njengokunciphisa ikhofi). Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase unikezwe imithi. Ngezinkinga ze-valve, ungase udinge ukuhlinzwa. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.Ngakho-ke ungesabi ukukhuluma naye nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha.
Yini engingayenza ukuze ngigcine inhliziyo yami iphilile?
Kunezinto eziningi ezilula ongazenza ukuze ugcine inhliziyo yakho yonke iphilile.
- Ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Lokhu kusiza ukulawula izinto eziyingozi njengomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
- Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile: Ukuhamba noma ukugijima izinsuku ezimbalwa ngesonto kungasiza ekuqiniseni inhliziyo yakho. Kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuzivocavoca.
- Gwema ukubhema notshwala: Le mikhuba imbi enhliziyweni yakho nasemzimbeni wakho wonke.
Qala ngezinguquko ezincane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungathola imiphumela emikhulu kulezo zinguquko ezincane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Inhliziyo yethu inezindawo ezine. Lezi zisebenza njengeqembu ukupompa igazi emzimbeni wonke.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokuqina kwesifuba okungavamile, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukukhathala njalo, ukuvuvukala emilenzeni yakho, noma isiyezi, ungazinaki. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.
- Izifo eziningi zenhliziyo azibonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo ngudokotela, noma ngabe ucabanga ukuthi akukho okungahambi kahle.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo, njengokudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, nokugwema ukubhema, kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela inhliziyo yakho.
- Uma unokungabaza noma ukukhathazeka ngempilo yenhliziyo yakho, khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngakho.
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