Ingabe inhliziyo yakho isibuthakathaka kangangokuthi ayisakwazi ukulawulwa ngemithi noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha? Ngezinye izikhathi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokugcina yokusindisa impilo yakho ukuthola inhliziyo entsha sha, enempilo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukufakelwa inhliziyo. Njengoba lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okukhulu, abantu abaningi bangase babe nemibuzo, ukwesaba, kanye nelukuluku ngakho. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngakho konke kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni, ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Kuyini ukufakelwa inhliziyo? Ubani okudingayo?
Kalula nje, ukufakelwa inhliziyo inqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho inhliziyo yakho egulayo nebuthakathaka isuswa khona bese kufakwa inhliziyo enempilo evela kumuntu oshonile onikelayo. Lena indlela yokugcina yokwelapha ukuze kusindiswe impilo yakho. Okusho ukuthi, kunconywa kubantu abanokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwesigaba sokugcina abangakwazi ukwelashwa nganoma yiluphi olunye ukwelashwa.
Kunezizathu eziningi ezenza inhliziyo ibe buthakathaka kangaka ize ifinyelele kulesi sigaba. Izimo eziyinhloko ezidinga ukufakelwa inhliziyo yilezi:
- I-Cardiomyopathy: Lokhu kubhekisela kunoma yisiphi isimo esonakalisa imisipha yenhliziyo. Kungabangelwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukutheleleka kanye nezakhi zofuzo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okungakanani, imbangela ingase ingatholakali.
- Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo: Isimo esibangelwa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni (imithambo yegazi yenhliziyo). Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo kanye nomonakalo ongenakuguqulwa enhliziyweni.
- Isifo Senhliziyo Esizalwa Naso: Lokhu kubhekisela emaphutheni esakhiweni senhliziyo akhona lapho kuzalwa. Ezinye izinhlobo ezinzima zesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso zingase zidinge ukufakelwa inhliziyo ekugcineni.
- Isifo Senhliziyo Esiyi-Valvular: Izifo ezibangelwa ukulimala kwama-valve enhliziyweni.
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ezinganeni nakubantu abaneminyaka engu-70, kanti kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, kuze kube ngu-75.
Zivame kangakanani lezi zinqubo zokuhlinzwa? Kungani zingavamile?
Ukufakelwa inhliziyo empeleni kungenye yezindlela zokuhlinzwa ezingavamile emhlabeni. Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokho.
1. Ukuntuleka kwezinhliziyo zabanikeli: Ukuze inhliziyo itshalwe, othile kumele ayinikele. Bambalwa kakhulu abanikeli abanjalo. Futhi, kumele kube nokufanelana okuhle phakathi komnikeli nomemukeli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zombili izinhlobo zegazi kumele zifane, futhi ubukhulu bomzimba kumele bufane. Uma lokhu kufanelana kungaphelele, amasosha omzimba omemukeli cishe azokwenqaba inhliziyo entsha.
2. Ubunzima bokuhlinzwa:Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu okudinga ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, izibhedlela ezinezikhungo ezikhethekile nezihlomele ngokuphelele kuphela ezingenza lokhu kuhlinzwa.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa? Ake sazi kahle lezi zinyathelo
Uma usunqume ukufakelwa inhliziyo, ngeke kudingeke ukuthi uhlinzwe ngokushesha. Kunezinyathelo eziningana okudingeka ziqedwe kusengaphambili.
1. Ukudluliselwa ohlelweni lokufakelwa: Udokotela okwelaphayo uzokudlulisela esibhedlela esikhethekile esinohlelo lokufakelwa inhliziyo.
2. Ukuhlola ukuthi uyakufanelekela yini ukuhlinzwa: Okulandelayo, sizohlola ukuthi umzimba wakho ungamelana kahle kangakanani nokuhlinzwa okukhulu kangaka nokuthi ungawuthola yini umphumela omuhle ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
3. Uhlu lokulinda: Uma uzimisele ukuthi ufanelekile ukuhlinzwa, igama lakho lizofakwa ohlwini lokulinda.
4. Ukwelashwa kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ukufakelwa kwesisu: Kuze kube yilapho inhliziyo efanelekile itholakala kuwe, kunikezwa ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene ukuze kugcinwe isimo sakho sizinzile.
Ake sibheke lesi sinyathelo ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
Ukuhlola ukuthi uyakufanelekela yini ukuhlinzwa (Ukuhlolwa Kokufakelwa Isitshalo)
Lesi yisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhliziyo ezimbalwa zabanikeli, leso sitho esiyigugu sitshalwa kumuntu onethuba elihle lokuzuza ekuhlinzweni, okusho ukuthi uphile impilo ende nenhle. Lokhu kuhilela ukubheka zonke izici zempilo yakho engokomzimba, yengqondo, kanye neyomphakathi.
| Uhlobo lokuhlola | Ubhekeni? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo | Bazohlola inani legazi lakho, okuhlanganisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi nama-platelet, ukusebenza kwesistimu yakho yokuzivikela komzimba, ukusebenza kwezinso, nokuthi usebenzisa utshwala, ugwayi, noma ezinye izidakamizwa. Konke lokhu kufanele kugwenywe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe | Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray, i-CT scan, i-MRI scan, kanye ne-Echocardiograms kuhlola ingaphakathi lomzimba kanye nesakhiwo senhliziyo. |
| Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwenhliziyo | Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-ECG, i-Exercise Stress Test, kanye ne-Heart Catheterization kuhlola ukuthi inhliziyo, uhlelo lokuphefumula, kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi kusebenza kanjani. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwezifo ezithile | Uzohlolwa izifo ezithelelanayo ezifana nesifo sofuba, i-HIV, i-Hepatitis B, kanye ne-Hepatitis C. Kufanele ngabe uthole yonke imijovo edingekayo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kanye nokwezenhlalo | Ukubhekana nokuphila ngemva kwalokhu kuhlinzwa kungaba yinselele engqondweni. Ngakho-ke, ithimba lezokwelapha lizoxoxa nangempilo yakho yengqondo kanye nohlelo lokusekela onalo. |
Ukungena ohlwini lokulinda
Uma zonke lezi zivivinyo seziqinisekisile ukuthi ufanelekile ukuhlinzwa, uzofakwa ohlwini lokulinda. Abantu abakulolu hlu bathola izinhliziyo ngokulandelana kwazo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi othola ngaso inhliziyo sincike ekutheni isidingo senhliziyo siphuthuma kangakanani .
Ukwelashwa Kwebhuloho
Kungase kudingeke ulinde izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka, ukuze kutholakale inhliziyo efanele. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uzothola ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene ukusekela inhliziyo yakho ebuthakathaka nokuphatha izimpawu zakho.
- Imithi: Kunikezwa imithi ehlukahlukene ukuze kusheshiswe ukushaya kwenhliziyo futhi kusize inhliziyo ukuthi ishaye ngamandla.
- Amadivayisi emishini: Ngezinye izikhathi amadivayisi akhethekile asiza iphampu yenhliziyo kudingeka axhunywe emzimbeni. Isibonelo ``iphampu yebhaluni yangaphakathi kwe-aorta''.
- Idivayisi Yokusiza I-Ventricular Left (LVAD): Uma inhliziyo ibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi ingakwazi ukupompa igazi elanele emzimbeni, le divayisi ifakwa ngokuhlinzwa enhliziyweni. Lokhu kusiza inhliziyo ukupompa igazi.
Indlela ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Uma nje uzwa ukuthi uthole inhliziyo efanayo, uzolungela ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha. Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ethatha amahora amaningi.
1. I-Anesthesia: Okokuqala, uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ukuze ulale ngokuphelele.
2. Ukuxhumeka kumshini wokuphefumula: Ngemva kokuba ulele, kuzofakwa ipayipi emphinjeni wakho bese lixhunywe kumshini wokuphefumula (i-ventilator). Lo mshini uzokunikeza ukuphefumula phakathi nokuhlinzwa.
3. Ukuxhuma emshinini wenhliziyo namaphaphu: OkulandelayoUzoxhunywa emshinini we-cardiopulmonary bypass. Kalula nje, lo mshini uthatha umsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu okwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Wengeza umoya-mpilo egazini lakho, ususe i-carbon dioxide, futhi upompa igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke.
4. Ukususa inhliziyo enesifo: Odokotela abahlinzayo bazovula isifuba sakho, bavale imithambo yegazi eholela enhliziyweni, bese besusa inhliziyo yakho enesifo ngokucophelela.
5. Ukufakelwa inhliziyo okunempilo: Bese kuthi, inhliziyo enempilo enikelwe ilethwe endaweni yayo bese ixhunywa emithanjeni yegazi eyinhloko. Bese kuthi, inhliziyo entsha yenziwe ukuthi ishaye futhi. Ngezinye izikhathi, idinga nokunikezwa ukuvuselelwa okuncane kukagesi.
Yini ongayilindela ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Ngemva kokuba ukuhlinzwa sekuqediwe ngempumelelo, kuqala isahluko esisha empilweni yakho.
- Ukululama esibhedlela: Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe isonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu. Izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zizochithwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) , lapho uzoqashwa khona amahora angama-24 ngosuku, ikakhulukazi uma kunezimpawu zokuthi umzimba wakho uyala inhliziyo entsha.
- Uhlelo lokunakekelwa ekhaya: Ngaphambi kokuba uphume esibhedlela, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza uhlelo lokunakekelwa ekhaya oluzohlanganisa konke kusukela emithini kuya ekudleni, ukuzivocavoca kuya ekuqapheleni izimpawu zokutheleleka noma ukwenqatshwa.
- Ukuvuselelwa Kwenhliziyo: Uzobekwa ohlelweni lokuzivocavoca olukhethekile oluqondisiwe ukuze uthuthukise amandla akho, ukukhuthazela, kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo.
Ukucindezelwa Kwesimiso Sokuzivikela Emzimbeni
Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi yinto okudingeka uyenze impilo yakho yonke .
Cabanga ngale ndlela: uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wakho (uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba) lufana nebutho elivikela izwe. Inhliziyo esanda kutshalwa ibhekwa yileli butho 'njengesitha' esingene ezweni. Ngakho-ke ibutho liqala ngokushesha ukuhlasela lesi 'sitha'. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwenqatshwa .
Yeka lokhu kunqaba, kuzodingeka uphuze imithi ekhethekile (imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba) elawula noma ecindezela ukusebenza kwesimiso sakho somzimba nsuku zonke impilo yakho yonke .
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Izinzuzo
Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi lokhu kuhlinzwa kungasindisa impilo yakho uma zingekho ezinye izinketho. Kuyisixazululo kuphela lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi, cishe zingasiza, noma ziyingozi kakhulu. Futhi, abantu abaningi banethuba lokuphila impilo engcono ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Ukungalungi
- Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhliziyo zabanikeli, akuwona wonke umuntu odinga inhliziyo ongathola eyodwa.
- Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, imizimba yeziguli ezithile ingase ingakwazi ukumelana nokuhlinzwa.
- Kunezingozi kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokuhlinzwa.
Izingozi nezinkinga ezihlobene nokuhlinzwa
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, ukufakelwa inhliziyo kunezingozi. Nazi eziyinhloko.
| Ingozi/Ubunkimbinkimbi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukwenqatshwa Kwezitho Zomzimba | Amasosha omzimba ahlasela inhliziyo entsha. Lena ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke. |
| Izifo | Ukuthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba kunciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokulwa nezifo, okwenza kube lula ngawe ukuthola izifo ezahlukahlukene. |
| Ukwehluleka Kwe-Graft | Ukuxhumana phakathi kwenhliziyo etshalwe kabusha nomzimba kuyahluleka ngesizathu esithile. |
| I-Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy (i-CAV) | Ukuqina nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi enhliziyweni etshalwe kabusha. |
| Ezinye izinkinga | Izinto ezifana nesifo sezinso, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuncipha kwamathambo (i-osteoporosis), kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza (ngenxa yemithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba) zingenzeka. |
Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama? Ikusasa lizosiphathelani?
Kuthatha izinyanga eziningana ukululama ngokuphelele. Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe amasonto amathathu. Kodwa ngokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha zesimanje, ikusasa lalabo abaye bafakelwa inhliziyo liqhakazile kakhulu.
- Izinga lokusinda ngonyaka wokuqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa lingaphezu kuka-90%.
- Cishe ingxenye yabantu iphila iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi .
- Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, manje sekunabantu abaphila impilo enempilo iminyaka engama-20-30 noma ngaphezulu .
Lokho kusho ukuthi uthola ithuba elisha lokwenza izinkumbulo eziningi ezintsha nabantu obathandayo.
Imibuzo mayelana nokuphila kwansuku zonke ngemva kokuhlinzwa
Imisebenzi evamile ingaqhubeka nini?
Udokotela wakho angakunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu ngalokhu. Ngokuvamile, akukhuthazwa ukushayela noma ukuphakamisa noma yini esinda ngaphezu kwama-5 kg amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.
Ngingaphuza utshwala?
Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuyeka ukuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele noma ukubunciphisa kakhulu. Utshwala bukhulisa amazinga akho amafutha egazini (ama-triglycerides). Lokho akukuhle enhliziyweni yakho entsha. Unethuba lesibili empilweni, ngakho-ke kungumthwalo wakho wemfanelo ukunakekela leyo nhliziyo kahle.
Ngingayithola yini imijovo yokugoma?
Yebo, ungathola izinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokugoma. Kodwa-ke, eminye imithi yokugoma ephilayo ayikwazi ukunikezwa ngoba uthatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba wakho. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uthole imvume yakhe ngaphambi kokuthola noma yimuphi umuthi wokugoma.
Uma udinga ukubona udokotela noma ukuya esibhedlela ngokushesha
Ngesikhathi usekhaya ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngezimpawu ezithile. Lezi kungaba izimpawu zokutheleleka noma enye inkinga enkulu.
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) ngokushesha noma uxhumane nethimba lakho lezokwelapha.
- Imfiva.
- Ubomvu noma olunye uketshezi oluphuma enxebeni lokuhlinzwa.
- Ubomvu noma umuzwa wokufudumala eduze kwesilonda.
- Umuzwa wokuthi ithambo eliphakathi esifubeni (sternum) liyanyakaza noma liyahamba liye emuva naphambili.
- Ukuzwa noma ukuzwa umsindo othi 'click' noma 'click' ethanjeni lesifuba sakho uma ushukuma.
Ungazinaki lezi zimpawu. Ukuthola ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa inhliziyo kuyindlela yokugcina yokwelapha okusindisa impilo yeziguli zenhliziyo ezigula kakhulu ezingakwazi ukwelapheka ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
- Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke uzohlolwa ngokucophelela ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba impilo yakho yonke ukuze uvimbele umzimba wakho ekwenqabeni inhliziyo entsha.
- Ukuba nokusekelwa komndeni okuqinile kanye nesimo sengqondo esihle kubaluleke kakhulu enkambisweni yokuphulukiswa.
- Ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo, ukuphuza imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe, nokuya emitholampilo ngesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze uphile isikhathi eside futhi unempilo.
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