Ingabe ungumkhweli wezintaba? Ake sifunde nge-High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kwenzekani emizimbeni yethu lapho sikhuphuka intaba ephakeme, okungukuthi, lapho sikhuphuka kakhulu ngaphezu kolwandle? Ngezinye izikhathi siya ezindaweni eziphakeme ukuze sibone imibono emihle futhi sizizwele izinto ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, uma sihamba ngaphandle kokulungiselela okufanele, kungavela izimo eziyingozi lapho imizimba yethu ingakwazi ukubhekana nokuphakama. Esinye isimo esibi kangaka sibizwa ngokuthi i-HACE (High-Altitude Cerebral Edema) .

Kuyini i-HACE (i-High-Altitude Cerebral Edema)?

Kalula nje, i-HACE yisimo lapho ubuchopho bakho buvuvukala khona endaweni ephakeme . Lesi yisimo esiyingozi esingaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila. Cabanga ngakho, imizimba yethu ijwayele inani lomoya-mpilo endaweni esihlala kuyo. Kodwa-ke, lapho sisuka ezingeni lolwandle siye endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, isibonelo amakhilomitha angu-4-5 (cishe amamayela angu-2.5-3), umoya lapho une-oxygen encane kakhulu. Lapho ubuchopho bethu bungakwazi ukubhekana nalokhu kuntuleka komoya-mpilo, buqala ukuvuvukala ngenxa yokusabela. Ikhanda lethu lifana nebhokisi eliqinile, ngakho-ke lapho ubuchopho buvuvukala, asikho isikhala esanele salo, futhi ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda iyanda. Lokhu kucindezela konakalisa ubuchopho futhi umzimba wethu uqala ukusebenza ngokungajwayelekile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-HACE. Lesi simo singathinta abaqwali bezintaba, abantu abaya ezindaweni zezintaba, noma noma ubani oya ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu kunezinga lolwandle.

Iyini imbangela eyinhloko ye-HACE?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-HACE yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypoxia . I-Hypoxia yilapho izicubu zomzimba wethu, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho, zingatholi umoya-mpilo owanele . Uma siya endaweni ephakeme, umoya lapho uncipha umoya-mpilo, ngakho-ke imizimba yethu ayitholi inani lomoya-mpilo eliwudingayo. Ngenxa yokuthi imizimba yethu ayijwayele leli zinga eliphansi lomoya-mpilo, ukusebenza kwezitho ezibalulekile njengobuchopho kuqala ukuwohloka. Lesi yimbangela eyinhloko yesayensi ye-HACE.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-HACE? Ungazibona kanjani?

Izimpawu ze-HACE aziveli ngokuzumayo. Ziqala kancane bese ziba zimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma ungumgibeli wezintaba.

Izimpawu Zokuqala

Lezi ezinye zezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo se-HACE:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Lokhu kungaba okuhlukile kancane kunekhanda elibuhlungu elivamile, futhi kungaba nzima nakakhulu.
• Ukukhathala nokukhathala: Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngisho noma ungenzi msebenzi.
• Ukuzungeza kanye nomuzwa wokujikeleza (i-Vertigo): Ungase uzizwe uzungeza ngisho nalapho umi.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: Umuzwa wokushukuma kwesisu, mhlawumbe ngisho nokuhlanza.
• Ukozela: Ukuzizwa ulele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Ukudideka: Ukungakwazi ukucabanga kahle, ukungaqondi okwenzekayo, ubunzima bokwenza izinqumo.

Uma wena noma othile onayo ezwa lezi zimpawu endaweni ephakeme, kusobala ukuthiUngakuthathi kalula , ngoba lokhu kungaba ukuqala kwe-HACE.

Izimpawu Ezinzima - Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udinga usizo ngokushesha!

Njengoba izimpawu zokuqala ziqhubeka futhi isimo siba sibi kakhulu, izimpawu ezilandelayo zingase zivele. Uma uzibona lezi , kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha :

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu: ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki.
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi (i-Ataxia): Ukungakwazi ukuhamba kahle, ukukhungatheka lapho ucelwa ukuba uhambe uqonde, njengomuntu odakiwe.
• Ubuthakathaka obukhulu: Ukulahlekelwa yimpilo yonke emzimbeni.
• Inkulumo engacacile: Inkulumo engacacile , okusho ukuthi amagama awaphumi kahle.
• Isimo sengqondo esishintshile: Ukukhohlwa ukuthi ukuphi nokuthi isikhathi sini, ukuziphatha ngendlela exakile, ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingezona ezangempela.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
• Ukuquleka.

Okubalulekile: Ngokuvamile, abantu abane-HACE abaqapheli ukuthi bayagula. Bangase bacabange, "Ngikhathele nje, ngizoba ngcono esikhathini esifushane." Ngakho-ke, uma uhamba neqembu bese ubona ushintsho olusheshayo ekuziphatheni noma enkulumweni yomngane wakho (isibonelo, othile owayephilile ngokuzumayo uqala ukusho amazwi akhe, noma obonakala enenkinga yokuhamba), ungakushayi indiva . Mehlisele endaweni ephephile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka bese ucela usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ungakhuphukeli phezulu nganoma yisiphi isizathu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HACE?

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-HACE, singathinta noma ubani. Akunandaba ukuthi unolwazi olungakanani ngomgibeli wezintaba noma ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane:

• Kulabo abake baba nesifo sokuphakama kwezintaba ngaphambilini: Uma uke waba nekhanda elibuhlungu nokuhlanza ngaphambilini ngenkathi ukhuphuka izintaba, kunethuba elincane lokuthi ungase ube ne-HACE.
• Kulabo abahlanganyela ekuzivocavoceni okunzima: Uma uzivocavoca kanzima endaweni ephakeme, umzimba wakho udinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umoya-mpilo mncane, ingozi iyanda.
• Kulabo abasuka endaweni ephansi baye endaweni ephakeme kakhulu ngokuzumayo: Inkinga iqala lapho umzimba ungenaso isikhathi sokujwayela ushintsho. Kungcono ukukhuphuka kancane.

I-HACE ivame ukuthinta abantu abangajwayele izindawo eziphakeme, okusho ukuthi abakaze bachithe isikhathi endaweni enjalo. Ukwanda kwe-HACE kungaphansi kwe-1% yabantu abahamba ezindaweni eziphakeme phakathi kwamamitha angu-4,000 no-5,000 (amamayela angu-2.5 kuya kwangu-3) ngaphezu kolwandle. Lokhu kwenza kube uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu lwesifo sokuphakama.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-HACE? Kuyingozi kangakanani?

I-HACE isho ukuthi uma inganakwa, ingaholela ngisho nasekufeni.Isimo esibucayi. Izinkinga zingavela zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu. Inkinga eyingozi kakhulu ukuqhuma kobuchopho . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingcindezi engaphakathi kwekhanda (ingcindezi yangaphakathi kwekhanda) ikhuphuka kakhulu, okubangela ukuba izingxenye zobuchopho zikhukhumale futhi kunqande ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu kobuchopho, i-coma, kanye nokufa ngeshwa. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu ze-HACE.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela yesikhathi eside ye-HACE?

Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo (i-hypoxia) okubangelwa yi-HACE ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinye izinkinga zingase zihlale ngisho nangemva kokuba ukugula sekuphelile. Isibonelo:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Izinguquko ebuntwini bakho.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma nokugwinya.

Kodwa, into engcono kakhulu ukuthi, uma i-HACE iqashelwa futhi yelashwa kusenesikhathi, ingozi yemiphumela enjalo yesikhathi eside iphansi kakhulu. Yingakho kuthiwa njalo noma uthola isifo esincane endaweni ephakeme, ungasinaki.

Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-HACE?

Uma ugula endaweni ephakeme kakhulu bese uya kudokotela, bazozama ukukuxilonga nge-HACE ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba ukwelashwa kudinga ukuqala ngokushesha okukhulu. Izinto eziyinhloko abazenzayo ukuze baxilonge lesi simo yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwemizwa: Lokhu kuzohlola ibhalansi yakho, ukuphaphama, kanye nokukhuluma.
• Ukubuza ngezimpawu, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nomlando wokuhamba: Bazokubuza ukuthi uzizwa kanjani, ukuthi ngabe uke waba nezifo yini ngaphambilini, nokuthi uhambe ibanga elingakanani. Ukuthi ngabe uke waya ezindaweni eziphakeme kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwe-HACE.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa (lokhu akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi):

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Izinto ezifana nokuhlola inani lamaseli amhlophe egazini kanye nokuhlola izinga likasawoti.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) noma i-CT scan (Computed Tomography scan): Lokhu kusiza ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni noma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-HACE?

Isinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni i-HACE ukuthola imbangela yenkinga ngokushesha . Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokusindisa izimpilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo:

• Yehla okungenani amamitha ayi-1000 (cishe isigamu semayela): Uma kungenzeka, hamba nomuntu ozokusiza. Ungazikhandleli kakhulu ngenkathi uhamba.
• Umoya-mpilo owengeziwe noma ukusebenzisa igumbi eliphathwayo le-hyperbaric: Lokhu kunganikeza umoya-mpilo emzimbeni ngokushesha.
• Ukunikeza umuthi:
• I-Dexamethasone, umuthi we-corticosteroid: Lokhu kunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho.
• I-Acetazolamide: Lo muthi uyasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni futhi ukusize ujwayele ukuphakama.

Udokotela uzonquma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?

Uma usuqalile ukwelashwa, kufanele uqale ukuzizwa ungcono phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa. Kuya ngokuthi isimo sakho sibucayi kangakanani. Kodwa kubantu abaningi, akuthathi amasonto, kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa nje.

Yini okufanele ilindelwe umuntu one-HACE?

I-HACE iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okusheshayo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela izinkinga. Kungenzeka kokubili kubaqwali bezintaba abanolwazi kanye nabaqwali bezintaba abangokuzijabulisa.

Cabanga nje, uhlela ukukhuphukela esiqongweni sentaba. Ngisho noma unenkinga encane, ungase ucabange ukuthi, 'Sesiseduze nokufika esicongweni manje, kusele okuncane nje, ngingakwazi ukubhekana nalokhu.' Yilokho okuyingozi kakhulu. Ngoba uma uqhubeka kanje, isimo se-HACE sizoba sibi kakhulu. Uma singelashwa, singasongela impilo.

Ngakho-ke, uma wena noma omunye umuntu eqenjini lakho eqala ukuzizwa ekhathele, enesiyezi, noma ephethwe yikhanda, ungangabazi ukuyeka ukukhuphuka bese wehla ngokuphepha. Izimpawu ze-HACE zingaba zimbi kakhulu emahoreni ambalwa. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu ze-HACE ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukukhuphuka.

Ingabe i-HACE ingavinjelwa? Uma kunjalo, kanjani?

Yebo, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-HACE ukujwayela umzimba wakho endaweni ephakeme . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukujwayela'. Kalula nje, kumayelana nokuvumela umzimba wakho ukuthi uzivumelanise kancane kancane nezinguquko emazingeni omoya-mpilo. Ukugula kokuphakama okufana ne-HACE kwenzeka lapho ngokuzumayo uye endaweni ephakeme umzimba wakho ongakakulungeli.

Ungazijwayeza ngokukhuphuka kancane kancane. Isibonelo, uma usendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-2,500 (cishe amamayela angu-1.7) ngaphezu kolwandle, khuphuka amamitha angu-300-500 kuphela (cishe imayela) ngosuku. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukhuphukela kuleyo ndawo ephakeme ngolunye usuku, uhlale lapho ubusuku bonke, bese ukhuphuka kancane ngosuku olulandelayo. Lokhu kunikeza umzimba wakho isikhathi sokujwayela indawo entsha. Lokhu kungaba yinselele kwabanye abantu, njengoba kuthatha isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, kungcono kakhulu ukuphepha kwakho.

Kunini lapho kufanele ufune khona iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha?

I-HACE iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Uma uzizwa ugula, unesiyezi, noma ukhathele ngenkathi usezindaweni eziphakeme, shesha uye endaweni ephephile bese ushayela izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo. ESri Lanka, ungashayela u-1990 (Suvaseriya). Uma usezweni langaphandle, shayela inombolo ephuthumayo yalelo zwe (isib. 911). Ungachithi isikhathi.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma une-HACE, noma usola ukuthi unayo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• "Ingabe ngine-HACE noma olunye uhlobo lokugula ngenxa yokuphakama?"
• "Ngingawulungisa kanjani umzimba wami ngaphambi kokuya ezindaweni eziphakeme?"
• "Ingabe ngizoba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside evela ku-HACE?"
• "Ukube benginayo i-HACE, ngingaphinde ngikhuphuke izintaba?"

Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zizoba usizo kakhulu kuwe.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-AMS ne-HACE?

Abantu abaningi bayabuza ukuthi i-AMS (Acute Mountain Sickness) kanye ne-HACE ziyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene noma into eyodwa.

I-HACE (i-High-Altitude Cerebral Edema) uhlobo olungavamile nolunzima kakhulu lwe-AMS (i-Acute Mountain Sickness). I-HACE ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-late AMS' noma 'i-late stage AMS'.

I-AMS yisimo esenzeka uma ukhuphukela endaweni ephakeme ngokuzumayo. Ingabangela izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda, isicanucanu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Zombili lezi zimo zenzeka lapho imizimba yethu ingatholi umoya-mpilo owanele ezindaweni eziphakeme. Kalula nje, i-AMS ifana nesibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso sokuthi, uma singanakwa, singaholela esimweni esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-HACE.

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu engingayisho kuwe! (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukukhuphukela esiqongweni sentaba nokuzwa lokho kuyinto enhle ngempela. Kodwa, uma ukhuphuka, lalela umzimba wakho. Ngisho noma umgomo ubaluleke kakhulu kuwe kangangokuthi ucabanga ukuthi, 'Angikwazi ukuyeka lokhu, ngikude kakhulu,' ungazinaki izimpawu umzimba wakho okunikeza zona. Uma uzizwa izimpawu ezincane ze-HACE (High-Altitude Cerebral Edema), fika ngokushesha endaweni ephephile, okungukuthi, ephansi. Uma i-HACE ingelashwa, ingaba yingozi empilweni zingakapheli amahora ambalwa. Ngakho-ke ungazilibali. Zinakekele wena nabanye abantu abakhuphuka nawe. Thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukuzwa izimpawu eziphakeme. Impilo yakho iyigugu!

` I-HACE, ukuphakama okuphezulu, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, ukuswela umoya-mpilo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhuphuka izintaba, isifo sokuphakama, i-hypoxia, ukujwayela