Ingabe udokotela wakho ukunike imithi yokucindezeleka? Noma ukhona omaziyo osebenzisa lo muthi? Nakuba kunezindaba eziningi emphakathini ngalo muthi, bangaki abantu abaziyo ngempela ukuthi uthinta kanjani ubuchopho nokuthi kwenzekani ngenxa yalokho? Abantu abaningi bayawesaba lo muthi, kodwa isizathu salokho kwesaba ukungazi. Ngakho-ke, ake sikuqonde lokhu kalula nangokucacile namuhla, njengokungathi sikhuluma nomngane.
Ziyini lezi zidakamizwa zokucindezeleka?
Nakuba le mithi ibizwa ngokuthi 'imithi yokucindezeleka', ayisetshenziswa nje kuphela ekwelapheni ukucindezeleka, isimo sengqondo esibangela imizwa yokukhathazeka okukhulu nokuphelelwa yithemba. Le mithi yaqala ukwethulwa ngawo-1950. Namuhla, ngaphezu kokucindezeleka, le mithi ivunyelwe nasezimweni ezifana ne-OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), i-Social Phobia, i-Panic Disorder, i-GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder), kanye ne-PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bangase banikeze lo muthi ezimweni ezifana nobuhlungu obungapheli, ukuqwasha, kanye ne-migraines. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa 'okungekho kulabel'. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuthi awukavunyelwa ngokusemthethweni kuleso simo, kodwa udokotela ukholelwa ukuthi isiguli sizozuza kuwo.
Lomuthi uthinta kanjani ubuchopho bethu?
Kalula nje, le mithi isebenza ngokushintsha amazinga amakhemikhali athile ebuchosheni bethu. Siwabiza ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters amakhemikhali. Lawa yiwo alawula izinto eziningi, njengemizwa yethu, imizwa, ukulala, kanye nesifiso sokudla.
Cabanga ngale ndlela. Amaseli ezinzwa ebuchosheni bethu asebenzisa lawa 'ma-messengers' abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitter ukuze axhumane. Iseli elilodwa lezinzwa likhipha lesi sithunywa, lidlulisele umyalezo esitokisini esilandelayo. Ngemva kokuba umyalezo usuthunyelwe, isithunywa sibuyiselwa ngokushesha esitokisini sokuqala (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuphinda sithathwe ).
Lokho okwenziwa kakhulu ngama-antidepressant ukulibazisa inqubo yokuphinda kuthathwe umuthi kancane. Bese lowo mthunywa (isibonelo, i-serotonin) uhlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwamangqamuzana amabili ezinzwa (i-synapse). Bese ungasebenza isikhathi eside futhi uthuthukise isimo sethu sengqondo.
Iqiniso liwukuthi, ngisho nochwepheshe abaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi le mithi isebenza kanjani, ngoba ubuchopho bomuntu buyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kodwa ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu.
Izinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokuvimbela ukuphinda kuthathwe
Imithi yokucindezeleka evame kakhulu enikezwayo njengamanje ingeyaleli qembu. Lawa ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko.
1. Ama-SSRI (Ama-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
Lena imithi yokuqala odokotela abavame ukuyinikeza. Njengoba igama lisho, le mithi ihlose ngqo i-neurotransmitter serotonin . I-Serotonin ibalulekile ezintweni ezifana nesimo sethu sengqondo, ukuziphatha, kanye nenkumbulo.
Uma usuqalile ukuthatha lo muthi, kungathatha amasonto amaningana, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube izinyanga ezingu-2-3, ukubona imiphumela ephelele. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba nesineke. Futhi, ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha lo muthi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela izimpawu ezingathandeki (i-antidepressant discontinuation syndrome).
I-Serotonin Syndrome - Into okufanele uyikhathalele!
Ngezinye izikhathi, uma uthatha eminye imithi ekhulisa amazinga e-serotonin, njenge-SSRIs, inani le-serotonin ebuchosheni linganda ngokungadingekile. Lokhu kungaba yingozi.
| Izimpawu ezivamile ze-Serotonin Syndrome | |
|---|---|
| - Ukukhathazeka, ukungahlaliseki | - Abafundi abavulekile |
| - Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isisu esibuhlungu | - Ukuqhaqhazela kwemisipha, ukuqina |
| - Ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukuthuthumela | - Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo kusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye |
| Izimpawu ezinkulu ezidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngokushesha: | |
| - Ukudideka okukhulu noma ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo | - Umkhuhlane omkhulu |
| - Isilinganiso senhliziyo sishesha kakhulu | - Ukuquleka |
| - Umfutho wegazi ophakeme | - Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo |
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, hamba uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha .
2. Ama-SNRI (ama-Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)
Lezi yizinhlobo zemithi ezithuthuke kancane ezalandela ama-SSRI. Zithinta kokubili ama-neurotransmitter i-serotonin kanye ne -norepinephrine . I-Norepinephrine ibalulekile ekunakeni nasekuqapheni kwethu. Yingakho le mithi ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu obungapheli (isib., i-diabetesic neuropathy, i-fibromyalgia).
- Izibonelo ezivamile: i-Duloxetine (i-Cymbalta), i-Venlafaxine (i-Effexor)
- Imiphumela emibi evamile: isicanucanu, umlomo owomile, ukukhathala, ukozela, isiyezi, ukujuluka.
3. Ama-NDRI (i-Norepinephrine kanye nama-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors)
Lo muthi ukhulisa amazinga e-neurotransmitters i-norepinephrine ne -dopamine . I-Dopamine ibalulekile enjabulweni yethu, ekukhuthazeni nasekunakeni.
- Isibonelo esiyinhloko: I-Bupropion (i-Wellbutrin). Lona umuthi ongakusiza futhi ukuyeka ukubhema.
- Inothi elikhethekile: Inemiphumela emibi embalwa yocansi kuneminye imithi yokucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, ayifanele abantu abasengozini yokuba nesifo sokuwa.
Ezinye izinhlobo, ezindala kodwa zisabalulekile
Nakuba le mithi ingasetshenziswa kabanzi manje, ingaba usizo kakhulu kwabanye abantu abangasabeli emithini emisha. Kodwa-ke, inemiphumela emibi eminingi.
Ama-antidepressant e-Tricyclic kanye ne-tetracyclic (ama-TCA)
Lena imithi emidala ebilokhu isetshenziswa kusukela ngawo-1950. Nakuba isebenza kahle njengemithi emisha, inemiphumela emibi eminingi. Isibonelo, ingabangela ukozela, umlomo owomile, ukukhuluphala, kanye nokushintsha kwesilinganiso senhliziyo.
- Izibonelo ezivamile: i-Amitriptyline, i-Nortriptyline, i-Clomipramine.
Izithibi ze-Monoamine oxidase (MAOIs)
Lena futhi imithi emidala kakhulu futhi engasetshenziswa kakhulu. Uma usebenzisa le mithi , udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ngalokho okudlayo. Ngoba uma udla ukudla okuqukethe i-amino acid 'iTyramine' (isb., ushizi osukhulile, isosi yesoya, inyama ethile, izithelo ezithile), umfutho wegazi lakho ungakhuphuka ngendlela eyingozi. Futhi, ukuthatha le mithi kanye neminye imithi yokucindezeleka kuyingozi kakhulu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi, amavithamini, noma imikhiqizo yamakhambi oyithathayo, njengoba le mithi ingasebenzisana.
Ama-nutraceuticals angasetshenziswa ukusiza ngemithi
Lezi akuzona imithi, kodwa izithasiselo zokudla noma izithasiselo zokudla ezingasiza ezimweni ezithile zezokwelapha. Azinconywa ukuthi zisetshenziswe zodwa ekucindezelekeni. Kodwa-ke, zingasetshenziswa kanye nokwelashwa okuvamile, njengoba kuceliwe udokotela wakho.
- I-SAMe (S-adenosyl-methionine): Ikhemikhali ekhiqizwa umzimba esiza ekwenzeni ama-neurotransmitters.
- Ama-Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Lawa, ikakhulukazi atholakala kumafutha enhlanzi, angasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala okuthile ebuchosheni.
- I-Vitamin D: Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kokuntuleka kwale vithamini, etholakala elangeni, kanye nokucindezeleka.
Kodwa khumbula, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuzithatha lezi ngokubona kwakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uzisebenzise kuphela ngemvume yakhe. Ngoba ngezinye izikhathi lezi zingase zihlangane neminye imithi oyithathayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-antidepressant uhlobo lomuthi oshintsha umsebenzi wamakhemikhali obuchopho (ama-neurotransmitters).
- Kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga eziningana ukuthi le mithi isebenze ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubekezela .
- Ungalokothi uqale, ushintshe umthamo, noma uyeke ngokuzumayo ukuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Ukwenza kanjalo kungaba yingozi.
- Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi, amavithamini, noma imikhiqizo yamakhambi oyithathayo.
- Uma kuvela izimpawu ezinkulu njengokudideka okukhulu, umkhuhlane omkhulu, kanye nokuquleka, hamba ngokushesha uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) wesibhedlela, njengoba kungase kube yi-serotonin syndrome.
- Uma unenkinga noma ukwesaba ngalo muthi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho ngokukhululekile.
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