Njengomama noma ubaba, uhlala uzama ukwenza ikusasa lengane yakho libe lihle futhi uyivikele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo, akunjalo? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngomuthi wokugomela obaluleke kakhulu ongavikela izingane ezinhlotsheni eziningana zomdlavuza ongathi sína ezingaba nawo esikhathini esizayo. Lowo muthi wokugomela i-HPV. Lokhu akubalulekile nje kuphela ezinganeni, kodwa futhi kungabaluleka kini, bantu abadala abasebasha. Ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngamagama alula.
Okokuqala, iyini i-HPV?
Kalula nje, i-HPV iyigciwane. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, iyigciwane elibizwa ngokuthi "i-Human Papillomavirus". Iyigciwane elivame kakhulu, njengomkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa lisakazeka ngokuxhumana eduze kwesikhumba, njengasesikhathini socansi. Kuvamile kangangokuthi cishe abantu abangu-80% abaya ocansini bazoyithola le gciwane le-HPV ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Esikhathini esiningi, amasosha ethu omzimba angalwa negciwane futhi alibulale. Asiliqapheli ngisho nokulibona.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane e-HPV aziphumi emzimbeni. Zingahlala emzimbeni isikhathi eside futhi zibangele izinkinga ezinkulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulawa umdlavuza. Leli gciwane le-HPV liyimbangela yephesenti eliphezulu kakhulu lomdlavuza wesibeletho. Liphinde libangele umdlavuza ohlobene nezitho zangasese, umdlavuza wendunu, kanye nomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli gciwane le-HPV liyimbangela yesimo esibizwa ngokuthi ama-genital warts.
Ngakho-ke kwenzekani ngempela ngomuthi wokugomela i-HPV?
Nansi into ebalulekile. Umuthi wokugomela i-HPV uwumuthi wokugomela ovimbela ukutheleleka, hhayi ukwelashwa kokutheleleka. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma uthola lo muthi wokugomela ngaphambi kokuba uvezwe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegciwane le-HPV, uzokuvikela ekuthelelekeni uma uthola leli gciwane. Kufana nemijovo ye-polio kanye ne-measles enikezwa useyingane.
Khumbula, uma usuvele uthelelekile ngohlobo olulodwa lwe-HPV, lo muthi wokugoma awukwazi ukwelapha lowo muthi. Kodwa-ke, lo muthi wokugoma ungakuvikela kwezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV ongakatheleleki ngazo.
Lo muthi wokugoma uvimbela kakhulu:
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane
- Umdlavuza we-vulvar
- Umdlavuza wepenisi
- Umdlavuza wendunu
- Umdlavuza wangemuva komphimbo (umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal)
- Amaqhubu esitho sangasese
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lo muthi wokugoma uqale uvimbele ukutheleleka ngegciwane okuholela kumdlavuza. Lokho kusho ukuthi lokhu kufana nomuthi wokugoma wokulwa nomdlavuza.
Zingaki izinhlobo zemithi yokugomela i-HPV ezikhona?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemithi yokugomela i-HPV. Kodwa okwamanje, uhlobo olulodwa kuphela olusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi lunikeza isivikelo esikhulu. Ake sibheke lokho.
| Igama lomjovo | Izinhlobo ze-HPV ezihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kanye nokubaluleka kwazo |
|---|---|
| I-Gardasil-9 | Lona umuthi wokugomela ongcono kakhulu futhi ophelele kakhulu otholakalayo. Uvikela ezinhlotsheni ezingu-9 ze-HPV.
|
| I-Gardasil | Lona umuthi wokugomela wokuqala ophumayo. Uvikela ezinhlotsheni ezine ze-HPV (16, 18, 6, 11). Unciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibeletho ngo-70%. |
| I-Cervarix | Lokhu kuvikela kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ze-HPV ezisengozini enkulu yomdlavuza - i-HPV-16 kanye ne-18. Akuzivikeli ezinhlungwini zesitho sangasese sowesifazane. |
Ungabuza udokotela wakho ngemithi yokugoma etholakala eSri Lanka njengamanje evela kuhulumeni kanye nemikhakha ezimele.
Ubani okufanele athole lo muthi wokugoma? Yimiphi iminyaka engcono kakhulu?
Lo mjovo unconywa wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ubulili, ngoba igciwane le-HPV lithinta bobabili ubulili. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthola umjovo ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuya ocansini.
- Izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-9 nengu-12: Lena iminyaka engcono kakhulu nefanele kakhulu yokugonywa. Kule minyaka, amasosha omzimba ezingane anamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke impendulo yokugonywa iphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isivikelo esinikezwayo siphezulu kakhulu.
- Intsha engaphansi kweminyaka engama-26 ubudala:Uma ungawutholanga lo muthi wokugoma usemncane, kunconywa ukuthi uwuthole uneminyaka engu-26. Ngisho noma uqala uchungechunge lokugoma bese uyeka phakathi, ungaqeda imithamo esele.
- Abantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-27 no-45: Ukusebenza kahle komuthi wokugomela kubantu abakuleli qembu leminyaka kungahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi abakule minyaka kungenzeka ukuthi bavezwe ezinhlotsheni eziningana ze-HPV. Kodwa-ke, uma usanda kuqala ukuzibandakanya ocansini noma uke waba nobudlelwano bocansi obumbalwa ngaphambilini, ungase uzuze nakulo muthi wokugomela. Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.
Ingabe bakhona abantu okungafanele bagonywe?
Yebo, kwezinye izimo akufanele ukuthola lo muthi wokugomela.
- Abesifazane abakhulelwe: Ukuphepha kwalo mjovo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa akukafundwa ngokwanele, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthola umjovo ngemva kokubeletha umntwana wakho. Kodwa-ke, uma uthola umthamo womjovo ngengozi bese kamuva uthola ukuthi ukhulelwe, ungakhathazeki. Akukho mibiko yokuthi ulimaza ingane yakho.
- Abantu abake baba nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba nomthamo wangaphambilini: Tshela udokotela wakho uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba nomthamo wangaphambilini womuthi wokugomela i-HPV, noma uma unesifo sokungezwani komzimba okukhulu nanoma yini ekumuthi wokugomela (isib., imvubelo).
- Abantu abanesifo esibi noma esimaphakathi: Uma unesifo esifana nomkhuhlane noma ukukhwehlela, kungcono ukugonywa uma usululame ngokuphelele.
Ingakanani imithamo kanye nesimiso sokuthola umuthi wokugoma?
Inani lemithamo oyitholayo lincike ekutheni uneminyaka emingaki lapho uqala ukuthola umuthi wokugoma.
| Iqembu lobudala | Inani lemithamo edingekayo | Ishejuli |
|---|---|---|
| Iminyaka engu-9 - 15 | Imithamo emi-2 | Umthamo wesibili kufanele unikezwe phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 neziyi-12 ngemva komthamo wokuqala. |
| Iminyaka engu-15 nangaphezulu | Imithamo emi-3 | Umthamo wesibili inyanga eyi-1-2 ngemva komthamo wokuqala. Umthamo wesithathu izinyanga eziyi-6 ngemva komthamo wokuqala. |
Inothi Elikhethekile: Abantu abanezifo zokuzivikela zomzimba zanoma yimuphi ubudala kufanele baqedele uchungechunge lokugoma lwemithamo emi-3.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zangempela zokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV?
Inzuzo enkulu yalokhu ukuthi ivikela emdlavuza omkhulu ongase uvele esikhathini esizayo.
- Kwabesifazane namantombazane: Amanani omdlavuza wesibeletho ehle kakhulu emhlabeni wonke selokhu kwaqaliswa umuthi wokugomela ngo-2006. Lokhu kuyinto engasindisa izimpilo.
- Kwabafana nabesilisa: Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lo muthi wokugomela amantombazane kuphela. Lokho akulungile. Lo muthi wokugomela usiza ekuvikeleni umdlavuza womphimbo, wendunu, kanye nowepenis ongaba khona kwabesilisa. Futhi, ngokugomela, ungavikela umlingani wakho wesikhathi esizayo egciwaneni le-HPV.
Lokhu akuyona nje imithi yokugomela amantombazane. Kubaluleke ngokulinganayo nakubafana. Lapho wonke umuntu ethola imithi yokugomela, umphakathi wonke uvikelekile ku-HPV.
Ingabe kufanele wesabe imiphumela emibi?
Lutho neze. Umuthi wokugomela i-HPV uwumuthi wokugomela ophephile kakhulu. Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi wokugomela, kungaba nemiphumela emibi emincane. Kodwa ingeyesikhashana.
- Ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukubomvu endaweni yomjovo
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu noma ukuzizwa ukhathele
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma amalunga
- Isiyezi
- Umkhuhlane ofana nomkhuhlane
- Isicanucanu
Lezi zimpawu ziyanyamalala ngokuphelele phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba akuvamile kakhulu.
Yimiphi imibono eyiphutha emphakathini mayelana nemithi yokugoma?
Ngeshwa, kukhona ulwazi olungelona iqiniso kanye nezinganekwane ezisakazeka emphakathini ngalo muthi wokugomela owusizo. Masiqaphele nalokho futhi.
Inganekwane 1: Ukunikeza izingane lo muthi wokugoma kuzozikhuthaza ukuba ziye ocansini zisencane.
Iqiniso: Lokhu kungamanga ngokuphelele. Akukho ucwaningo oluye lwafakazela noma yikuphi ukuxhumana phakathi kokuthola lo muthi wokugoma kanye nokuthi ingane iqala nini ukuya ocansini. Lokhu kufana nokuthi, "Uma ugqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela engozini, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nengozi ngamabomu." Sinikeza imijovo yokuzivikela ezifweni esikhathini esizayo, lapho sezikhulile futhi zinobudlelwano obuhle.
Inganekwane 2: Lo mjovo ubaluleke kakhulu emantombazaneni kuphela.
Iqiniso:Njengoba sesike sakhuluma ngakho ngaphambili, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu nakubafana. Igciwane le-HPV lingabangela umdlavuza kanye nezinhlungu zesitho sangasese kwabesilisa. Ukugonywa nakho kuyasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuba ube ngumthwali waleli gciwane futhi ulisakaze kwabanye.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap ngoba ngithole umuthi wokugomela i-HPV?
Kufanele nakanjani ukwenze! Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Nakuba umuthi wokugoma ukuhlinzeka ngezinga eliphezulu lokuvikelwa ezinhlotsheni eziyinhloko ze-HPV ezibangela umdlavuza wesibeletho, awukuvikeli kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-HPV ezibangela umdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nokuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho (i-Pap test) ngesikhathi.
Ingabe kukhona yini isizathu sokuthola umuthi wokugomela uma sengivele ngine-HPV?
Yilokho okufanele ukuxoxe nodokotela wakho. Umuthi wokugoma awukwazi ukukuvikela ohlotsheni lwe-HPV osuvele usulelekile. Kodwa-ke, ungakuvikela kwezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV ezimbozwa umuthi wokugoma ongakasuleleki ngazo.
Ngithole umuthi wokugomela omdala (i-Gardasil/Cervarix). Ingabe ngidinga ukuthola i-Gardasil-9 entsha futhi?
Lokhu akukhuthazwa njalo. Ngisho nangemithi yokugoma emidala, usuvele uvikelekile ezinhlotsheni ze-HPV ezibangela umdlavuza omningi. Ngakho-ke, kanye nokuthola ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap njalo, lokho kuvikelwa kwanele. Kodwa uma unokungabaza ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-HPV iyigciwane elivamile elingabangela izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza wesibeletho.
- Umuthi wokugomela i-HPV uyindlela ephephile kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo yokuvikela kulezi zinhlayiya kanye nezinhlungu zesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
- Ubudala obuhle kakhulu bokuthola umuthi wokugoma buphakathi kweminyaka engu-9-12. Lokhu kunconywa kokubili kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
- Ngisho noma ngabe uke wagonywa, kusadingeka ukuthi abesifazane bahlolwe njalo umdlavuza wesibeletho (i-Pap test).
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngalo muthi wokugoma, ungakholwa yimibono eyiphutha eku-inthanethi, kodwa buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi . Yilokho okufanele ukwenze.
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