Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-hydrocephalus, ukunqwabelana kwamanzi ekhanda.

Wake wezwa "ngamanzi agcwalisa ikhanda lakho"? Mhlawumbe omunye wamalungu omndeni wakho, umngane, noma ingane encane wake waba nalesi simo. Siyini ngempela? Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyesabisa kancane, uma unolwazi olufanele, unganciphisa izinkinga eziningi. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Hydrocephalus .

Kuyini i-Hydrocephalus?

Kalula nje, i-hydrocephalus iwukunqwabelana okungavamile koketshezi ngaphakathi kobuchopho bakho . Igama elithi "Hydro" lisho "amanzi" ngesiGreki kanye nelithi "cephalus" elisho "ikhanda." Lalivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amanzi ekhanda." Kodwa la "manzi" empeleni luketshezi olucacile, olungenambala olubizwa ngokuthi i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . Lolu ketshezi luzungeze ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla.

Cabanga nje, ngaphakathi kobuchopho bethu kukhona amakamelo amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricle . Lolu ketshezi lwe-CSF lugeleza kula makamelo. Lolu ketshezi lwe-CSF lunikeza ubuchopho izakhamzimba oluzidingayo futhi lususa imfucuza ebuchosheni. Futhi, lolu ketshezi lwe-CSF luzungeza ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla njengomcamelo, luwuvikele kunoma iyiphi ingozi . Bese lolu ketshezi lwe-CSF lumuncwa lubuyele egazini lethu.

Ngokuvamile, umzimba wethu ukhiqiza inani le-CSF olidingayo nsuku zonke bese uphinda umunce inani elifanayo. Kuyinqubo elinganiselayo. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona ukuphazamiseka ekugelezeni noma ekumuncweni kwalolu ketshezi lwe-CSF , inkinga iqala. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, uketshezi lwe-CSF luqala ukuqongelela, futhi ama-ventricle obuchopho aba makhulu. Lokhu kwandisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda. Lapho lokhu kucindezela kukhula, ubuchopho abukwazi ukusebenza kahle.

Ubani ongaba ne-hydrocephalus?

Ngokwezibalo e-United States, ingane eyodwa noma ezimbili kweziyi-1,000 ezizalwayo zingazalwa zinalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi lokhu akusikho okwezingane ezincane kuphela, kodwa kungathinta nezingane ezindala, abantu abadala, asebekhulile, nanoma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala .

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-hydrocephalus?

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-hydrocephalus. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

1. Ukuxhumana Nge-Hydrocephalus:

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uketshezi lwe-CSF, ngemva kokuba seluphumile kuma-ventricle obuchopho, luvaleka ndawana thize endleleni olugeleza ngayo. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuqina kwama-membrane phansi kobuchopho, njenge -arachnoid . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuxhumana" ngoba uketshezi lwe-CSF lungasageleza phakathi kwama-ventricle obuchopho, okusho ukuthi ama-ventricle avulekile.

2. I-Hydrocephalus Engaxhumani / I-Hydrocephalus Evimbelayo:

Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi imithambo emincane eyodwa noma ngaphezulu exhumanisa ama-ventricle obuchopho iyavaleka, njengepayipi lamanzi elibhajwa phakathi.

3. Ingcindezi Ejwayelekile ye-Hydrocephalus (NPH):

Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Nalapha futhi, uketshezi lwe-CSF luyaqoqana futhi ama-ventricle obuchopho aba makhulu, kodwa ingcindezi engaphakathi kwekhanda ayikhuphuki ngokuzumayo, noma ikhuphuka kancane kakhulu. Umehluko ku-NPH uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ukuthi, naphezu koketshezi lwe-CSF oluningi, ingcindezi engaphakathi kwama-ventricle isezingeni elijwayelekile. Lolu ketshezi lwe-CSF luyaqoqana kancane, ngakho-ke izimpawu zivela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-NPH ivame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile.

4. I-Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo:

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ubuchopho bonakalisiwe, njengokulimala ekhanda noma isifo sohlangothi . Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izicubu zobuchopho ezizungeze ama-ventricle obuchopho ziyancipha. Uketshezi lwe-CSF luyaqoqana ukuze lugcwalise isikhala. Ngisho noma ama-ventricle ekhulisiwe, ingcindezi ngaphakathi kobuchopho ivame ukuba evamile.

Uma ukhuluma ngalokhu, ungase uzwe negama elithi ventriculomegaly . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-ventricle obuchopho bomntwana akhulisiwe. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa ye-hydrocephalus, kodwa la makamelo angakhuliswa nangezinye izizathu.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-hydrocephalus?

I-Hydrocephalus ingakhula ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Ingazalwa nayo noma itholakale .

Izimbangela ze-Congenital Hydrocephalus:

Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezici zofuzo kanye nezemvelo ngesikhathi umntwana esakhula esibelethweni. Izimbangela eziyinhloko yilezi:

• I-spina bifida kanye nezinye izinkinga ze-neural tube zobuchopho kanye nomgogodla.
• I-Aqueductal stenosis ukuncipha kwendlela ephakathi kwe-ventricle yesithathu neyesine yobuchopho.
• Izinkinga zokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isibonelo, ukopha ngaphakathi kwamagumbi obuchopho.
• Izifo ezifana ne -rubella ezitholwa ngumama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingabangela ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zobuchopho bomntwana.

Izimbangela ze-hydrocephalus etholakalayo:

Lokhu kungenzeka noma nini ngemva kokuzalwa, kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Izimbangela eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda (ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda).
• Isifo sohlangothi.
• Izimila ezakheka ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni.
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho noma komgogodla, njenge -meningitis .

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydrocephalus evamile yokucindezeleka (i-NPH) ingavela ngenxa yokopha noma izinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzweni. Abanye abantu bahlakulela i-NPH ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hydrocephalus?

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka ngokweminyaka, ukuqhubeka kwesifo, kanye nokuthi umuntu ukubekezelela kahle kangakanani ukunqwabelana koketshezi lwe-CSF.

Izimpawu ezinganeni:

• Ikhanda lomntwana likhulu ngendlela engavamile.
• I-fontanel engenhla kwekhanda lomntwana ibonakala sengathi ivuvukele .
• Amehlo engane abheke phansi, kubukeka sengathi ilanga liyashona (amehlo ashona ilanga) .
• Ukuhlanza .
• Ukozela njalo kanye nokudinwa.

Izimpawu ezinganeni ezindala:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukukhubazeka kokubona (isib. ukubona kabili, ukubona okufiphele).
• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula (isib., ukukhuluma okulibazisekayo, ukuhamba, ukukhubazeka kokufunda).

Izimpawu kubantu abadala:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukukhubazeka kokubona.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele njalo.
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela kanye nokuxhumana (isb., ukuzulazula lapho uhamba).
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yesikhashana (isib. ukukhohlwa izehlakalo zakamuva).

Izimpawu kubantu abadala (ngokuvamile ku-NPH):

• Ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba (isib. ukuhamba ngezinyathelo ezincane nemilenze ehlukene, ngobunzima).
• Izimpawu eziyisisekelo ze- dementia ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo kancane kancane.
• Ukukhohlwa.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukulawula isinyi.

I-Hydrocephalus ihlolwa kanjani?

Lokhu kutholakala ngokuhlolwa kwezinzwa. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa amasu okuthwebula izithombe njengokuthwebula nge-ultrasound, ukuthwebula nge-computer tomography (CT), noma ukuthwebula nge-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ukuhlola ubuchopho bakho.

Kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale lesi simo kubantu abadala. Lokhu yilokhu:

• Ukubhoboza umgogodla/umgogodla.
• Ukuqapha ingcindezi ye-Intracranial (ICP): Kulokhu, kufakwa idivayisi encane ebuchosheni ukuze kulinganiswe ingcindezi engaphakathi ebuchosheni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fundoscopic: Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola i-optic nerve ngaphakathi kweso ngethuluzi elikhethekile.

Ingabe i-hydrocephalus iba ngcono nje?

Cha. Lesi yisimo nje esingeke sibe ngcono.Uma ingelashwa, ingaba yingozi empilweni. Ngakho-ke, uma lesi sifo sibonakala kusenesikhathi futhi selashwa ngempumelelo, amathuba okululama okuhle aphezulu kakhulu.

Ingabe i-Hydrocephalus ingelashwa?

Yebo. I-Hydrocephalus ingelashwa. Nakuba okwamanje kungekho ndlela yokuyelapha ngokuphelele noma ukuyivimbela ukuthi ingakhuli, yelashwa ngokuhlinzwa.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Hydrocephalus?

Ukwelashwa okuwukuphela kwamanje ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho . Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa zokwelapha i-hydrocephalus:

1. Ukubeka i-Shunt:

Lena indlela yokwelapha evame kakhulu. I-shunt iyipayipi eliguquguqukayo elifakwa ngaphakathi kobuchopho futhi lithwale uketshezi lwe-CSF oluningi liye kwenye ingxenye yomzimba (ngokuvamile umgodi wesisu). Lapho, uketshezi lumuncwa emzimbeni. Cabanga ngakho njengokufaka ipayipi ekhaleni lakho ukuze ukhiphe amanzi angaphezulu.

2. I-Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV):

Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, kwenziwa imbobo encane phansi kwe-ventricle yesithathu yobuchopho. Lokhu kudala indlela yokuthi uketshezi lwe-CSF lugeleze ngendlela evamile lungene futhi luzungeze ubuchopho. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ezinganeni ezingaphezu kweminyaka emibili ubudala.

Yiziphi izinkinga zokwelashwa nge-hydrocephalus?

Abantu abaningi baphila kahle iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zingavela ngokuzumayo. Abantu abane-shunt badinga ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha. I-shunt ingaphuka, iyeke ukusebenza kahle, noma itheleleke. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungadingeka ukuthi uphinde uhlinzwe ubuchopho. Imbobo edalwe yi-ETV surgery nayo ingavala futhi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, okuyinto eyingozi futhi.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga ye-shunt noma ukuvaleka kwe-ETV, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zingase zifane nezimpawu zokuqala ze-hydrocephalus:

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* Ikhanda elibuhlungu

* Ukukhubazeka kokubona

* Ukucasuka noma ukuhlanza

* Ukhathele njalo

Noma izici ezintsha ezifana nalezi zingase zifike:

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* Ubuhlungu bemisipha entanyeni noma emahlombe

* Ukuquleka

* Ubomvu noma ubuhlungu uma kuthintwa endaweni ye-shunt

* Umkhuhlane ophansi

Liyini ikusasa lomuntu one-hydrocephalus?

Ngokuhlinzwa, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, kanye nokuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha, abantu abaningi abane-hydrocephalus bangaphila impilo evamile nejabulisayo.Kodwa-ke, lesi simo kanye nezinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa yokuhlinzwa zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okudingekayo kanye neseluleko.

Ikakhulukazi uma izingane zine-hydrocephalus, lokhu kungathinta intuthuko yazo yengqondo neyomzimba. Ngakho-ke, abazali bezingane ezine-hydrocephalus kufanele bakhulume nodokotela babo futhi basebenzele ukuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu yengane yabo.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uthola ukuthi umuntu omthandayo une-hydrocephalus. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza wena nomndeni wakho ukwesekwa nolwazi oludingayo. Ngolwazi olufanele, ukuhlela, kanye nesenzo, iphupho lomuntu omthandayo lokuphila impilo evamile nejabulisayo lingagcwaliseka.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

I-Hydrocephalus yisimo lapho uketshezi lwe-CSF luqongelela khona ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Lungakhula kubantu banoma yimuphi ubudala.

• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu kusenesikhathi. Ikakhulukazi uma ikhanda lengane yakho likhula, umqhele uvuvukele, noma amehlo ebheke phansi, myise kudokotela ngokushesha.
• Lesi yisimo esingelashwa ngokuhlinzwa . Ukufakwa kwe-shunt noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-ETV kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha.
• Ukubhekwa kwezokwelapha kuyadingeka njalo ngemva kokwelashwa, njengoba izinkinga nge-shunt zingavela.
• Ungakhathazeki. Ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye neseluleko sezokwelapha, abantu abaningi bangaphila impilo evamile.
• Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

I- Hydrocephalus, amanzi ebuchosheni, i-CSF, uketshezi lomgogodla, i-shunt, i-ETV, ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho