Sonke siyazi ukuthi i-calcium ibaluleke kangakanani emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi emathanjeni ethu. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, omama bethu bebesitshela ukuthi "ukuphuza ubisi kuqinisa amathambo." Kodwa wake wacabanga ukuthi kwenzekani uma lokhu okuthiwa i-calcium enhle kukhuphuka kakhulu egazini lethu? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-hypercalcemia kwezokwelapha. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kuyini ngempela i-hypercalcemia?
Kalula nje, i-hypercalcemia yilapho une-calcium eningi egazini lakho kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungaba ukwanda kwesikhashana, okuncane, noma kungaba yisimo esingamahlalakhona, esihlala isikhathi eside.
Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi kwenzekani uma i-calcium emathanjeni akho ingena egazini lakho. Empeleni, iningi le-calcium emzimbeni wakho lisemathanjeni akho. Kodwa ukuze usebenze kahle, udinga futhi ukuba ne-calcium egazini lakho.
Nazi izinto i-calcium esegazini ezenzayo emizimbeni yethu:
- Ukusebenza kahle kwesimiso sezinzwa: Lokhu kusiza kukho konke esikucabangayo, esikuzwayo nesikuyalelayo.
- Ukufinyela kwemisipha: I-calcium egazini isiza imisipha ukuba inyakaze, ihambe, futhi yenze noma yikuphi ukunyakaza.
- Ukujiya kwegazi: Kusiza ekumiseni ukopha uma kukhona ukulimala.
- Ukusebenza kahle kwenhliziyo: Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe isigqi esifanele sokushaya kwenhliziyo.
Umzimba wethu ulawula leli zinga le-calcium ngendlela emangalisayo kakhulu. Ama-hormone amabili ayasiza kulokhu. Elinye yi-hormone ye-parathyroid, kanti elinye yi-calcitonin. I-Vitamin D nayo idlala indima enkulu lapha, ngoba i-vitamin D isiza umzimba ukuthi umunce i-calcium ekudleni esikudlayo.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezifo ezithile, imithi, nezinye izici, lolu hlelo lokulawula lungaphazamiseka futhi izinga le-calcium egazini lingakhuphuka. Yilapho kuvela khona i-hypercalcemia.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-hypercalcemia ne-hypocalcemia
Nakuba la magama amabili ezwakala ngendlela efanayo, izincazelo zawo zihluke ngokuphelele.
- I-Hyper: Igama lesiNgisi elithi "Hyper" lisho "okuningi kakhulu." Lokho kusho ukuthi i-hypercalcemia ukwanda kwe-calcium egazini.
- I-Hypo: Igama elithi "hypo" lisho "ukwehla." Lokho kusho ukuthi i-hypocalcemia izinga eliphansi le-calcium egazini.
Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole lesi simo?
I-Hypercalcemia ingavela kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kunoma ubani. Kodwa ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala.Lesi simo sivame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu indlala ye-parathyroid esebenza ngokweqile.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-1% no-2% wabantu bonke banalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, ama-90% alawa abangelwa inkinga eshiwo ngaphambilini ngezindlala ze-parathyroid (i-primary hyperparathyroidism) noma umdlavuza.
Esikhathini esiningi, lesi simo asibi kakhulu kangako. Abantu abaningi batholakala benaso ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile okwenziwe ngesinye isizathu. Ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka.
Kodwa-ke, uma izinga le-calcium egazini liba phezulu kakhulu, kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.
- Ukwehluleka kwezinso
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmia)
- Ukuphazamiseka kwenkumbulo kanye nokuqonda (Ukudideka)
- Ukungena e-coma
Ziyini izimpawu ze-hypercalcemia?
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi simo sivame ukutholakala kusenesikhathi, abantu abaningi ababi nazo izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga e-calcium ephezulu kancane noma uma lesi simo sesikhona isikhathi eside, kungase kube nezimpawu ezilandelayo.
| Uhlelo lomzimba | Izimpawu ezingaba khona |
|---|---|
| Izinso kanye nesistimu yomchamo | Ukuchama njalo kanye nokoma ngokweqile. |
| Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla | Isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukuqunjelwa, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla. |
| Isimo sengqondo nobuchopho | Ukukhohlwa, ukucindezeleka, intukuthelo ephindaphindayo. |
| Amathambo nemisipha | Ubuhlungu bamathambo, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ukudikiza kwemisipha. |
| Izici ezijwayelekile | Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. |
Kungani i-calcium egazini ikhuphuka kanje?
Kunezifo ezingaphezu kuka-25 ezingabangela i-hypercalcemia. Eminye imithi kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nakho kungadala lokhu. Kodwa njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, izimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko i -hyperparathyroidism kanye nomdlavuza.
1. Inkinga ye-Parathyroid gland (i-Primary Hyperparathyroidism)
Kunezindlala ezincane ezine entanyeni yethu, ngemuva kwendlala yegilo. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izindlala ze-parathyroid. Lezi zikhiqiza i-hormone ye-parathyroid (PTH). Le hormone yiyona eyinhloko elawula izinga le-calcium egazini.
Cabanga nje, lapho amazinga ethu e-calcium egazini ehla, la ma-gland akhipha i-hormone i-PTH. Leyo hormone iyahamba ikhiphe i-calcium ethile emathanjeni iye egazini, ivimbe izinso ekukhipheni i-calcium, futhi isize amathumbu ukuthi amunce i-calcium. Ngale ndlela, amazinga e-calcium abuyiselwa esimweni esijwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, uma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zindlala ezine zisebenza ngokweqile , noma ngabe izinga le-calcium egazini libuyela esimweni esijwayelekile, i-PTH hormone ngeke iyeke ukukhishwa. Ngemuva kwalokho i-calcium emathanjeni izoqhubeka nokwengezwa egazini, okubangela ukuba izinga le-calcium egazini likhuphuke.
2. Umdlavuza
Cishe u-2% womdlavuza uhlotshaniswa ne-hypercalcemia. I-Hypercalcemia yomdlavuza ivame ukwenzeka ngokushesha futhi ingaba nzima kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhiqiza iphrotheni (i-PTHrP) esebenza njenge-hormone i-PTH noma ikhiphe i-calcium ngokulimaza amathambo.
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingabangela lesi simo:
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
- Umdlavuza webele
- I-myeloma eminingi (umdlavuza wamaseli amhlophe egazi)
- Umdlavuza weseli lezinso
- Umdlavuza wegazi (i-Leukemia)
- I-Lymphoma (umdlavuza wesistimu ye-lymphatic)
3. Eminye imithi
Eminye imithi namavithamini esiwaphuzayo nakho kungabangela lokhu.
- Imithi yokukhipha umfutho wegazi e-Thiazide (imithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme), njenge -hydrochlorothiazide .
- I-Lithium ( umuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezithile zengqondo).
- Ukuthatha i-vitamin D eningi kakhulu, i-vitamin A, noma izithasiselo ze-calcium .
Abanye abantu baphuza njalo amaphilisi e-calcium carbonate, njenge-Tums®, ngenxa yesifo sohudo. Ukuthatha kakhulu kwalawa kungandisa amazinga e-calcium egazini okwesikhashana.
4. Ezinye izizathu
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izizathu eziningana ezingavamile:
- Izifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-sarcoidosis kanye nesifo sofuba.
- Ukwehluleka kwezinso.
- I-Hyperthyroidism (i-Thyrotoxicosis).
- Ukungakwazi ukuhamba.
- Izifo zamathambo njengesifo sikaPaget sethambo.
Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?
Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula. Udokotela wakho uzokala amazinga akho e-calcium ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-basic metabolic panel (BMP) noma i-comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP).
Ubunzima besimo buhlukaniswa ngokwezinga le-calcium egazini.
| Isimo | Izinga le-calcium egazini (mg/dL) |
|---|---|
| I-hypercalcemia encane | 10.5 kuya ku-11.9 mg/dL |
| I-hypercalcemia emaphakathi | 12.0 kuya ku-13.9 mg/dL |
| Isimo esibucayi/esiphuthumayo (Inkinga ye-Hypercalcemic) | 14.0 kuya ku-16.0 mg/dL |
Uma udokotela wakho ethola ukuthi izinga le-calcium egazini lakho liphezulu, uzokubuza ngemithi yakho, umlando wezokwelapha womndeni, nezinye izinto. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazo-oda ezinye izivivinyo ezimbalwa ukuthola imbangela.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola amazinga e-parathyroid hormone (PTH).
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga e-vitamin D.
- Ukuhlolwa okulinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-calcium ekhishwa emchameni.
Uma kukhona ukusola ukuthi imbangela iyinkinga ngezindlala ze-parathyroid, kungacelwa i-ultrasound scan noma i-CT scan ukuze kuhlolwe isimila noma ukuvuvukala kwezindlala.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-hypercalcemia?
Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela yesimo kanye nobunzima baso.
Kwamacala amancane
Uma amazinga akho e-calcium ephakeme kancane, udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi:
- Phuza amanzi amaningi: Lokhu kusiza ukukhipha i-calcium eningi kakhulu ezinso.
- Ukushintsha imithi yakho: Uma uthatha imithi yohlobo lwe-thiazide yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyishintshe.
- Yeka ukuthatha izithasiselo: Uma uthatha amaphilisi e-calcium, i-vitamin D, noma i-gastritis, yeka ukuwathatha noma wehlise umthamo njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho .
Uma kunenkinga ngendlala ye-parathyroid
Uma imbangela kuyi-parathyroid gland esebenza ngokweqile, ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuvame ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwe-gland noma ama-gland asebenza ngokweqile.
Uma lesi simo sibangelwa umdlavuza
Ngalesi sikhathi, kunikezwa imithi ekhethekile yokulawula amazinga e-calcium ngenkathi kwelashwa umdlavuza.
- Ama-Bisphosphonates: Lawa anciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-calcium emathanjeni.
- I-Denosumab: Lo muthi unikezwa abantu abangaphenduli kuma-bisphosphonates.
Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu
Uma amazinga e-calcium ephezulu kakhulu futhi kunezimpawu ezibucayi, isiguli kufanele silaliswe esibhedlela ngokushesha ukuze sithole ukwelashwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza usawoti ngemithambo yegazi (i-IV fluids) ukuze kukhishwe ngokushesha i-calcium eningi emzimbeni.
Iyini imiphumela yesikhathi eside yalesi simo?
Uma i-hypercalcemia ingatholakali futhi ingelashwa kusenesikhathi, ingaholela ezinkingeni zesikhathi eside.
- Amatshe ezinso .
- Ukwehluleka kwezinso ngenxa yokufakwa kwe-calcium ezinso.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension) .
- I-Osteoporosis kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuqhekeka kwamathambo.
- Ama-cysts ethambo.
- Ukucindezeleka.
Ingabe lesi simo singavinjelwa?
I-Hypercalcemia ayinakuvinjelwa kuzo zonke izimbangela. Kodwa-ke, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngezinga elithile ngokugwema izithasiselo ze-calcium ngokweqile kanye nama-antacid aqukethe i-calcium ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela .
Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onomlando we-calcium ephezulu egazini, amatshe ezinso, noma isifo se-parathyroid, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hypercalcemia isho ukuthi inani le-calcium egazini liphakeme kunezinga elijwayelekile.
- Ezimweni eziningi, izimo ezincane azibonisi zimpawu. Zitholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okungahleliwe.
- Izimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu ukusebenza ngokweqile kwezindlala ze-parathyroid kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.
- Izindlela zokwelapha zincike embangela kanye nobunzima besimo, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa okunembile kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezishiwo kulesi sihloko noma uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nalesi sifo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko.
- Ungalokothi usebenzise i-calcium noma ezinye izithako zamavithamini ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
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