Wake wazizwa uphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu obuncane esifubeni sakho, noma ubuhlungu obuncane esifubeni sakho lapho uhamba ibanga elifushane noma ukhuphuka izitebhisi? Noma ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha ngaphandle kwesizathu? Nakuba sicabanga ukuthi lezi yizinto ezivamile, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zingaba izimpawu ezincane esizithola enhliziyweni yethu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esinjalo esihlobene nenhliziyo, abantu abaningi abangazi ngaso, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngaso. Lokho yi-Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, noma (HCM) ngamafuphi.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)?
Leli gama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Ake sikuchazele lona. Igama elithi "hypertrophic" lisho "okukhulu kunokujwayelekile." I-"Cardiomyopathy" yiqembu lezimo ezithinta imisipha yenhliziyo, noma imisipha yenhliziyo. Uma uhlanganisa lokhu okubili, i-Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) isho ukuthi imisipha yenhliziyo yakho (imisipha yenhliziyo) iba nkulu kunejwayelekile .
Cabanga ukuthi izindonga zendlu yakho ziya ngokuya zijiya. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunesikhala esincane ngaphakathi endlini, akunjalo? Kwenzeka into efanayo nasenhliziyweni. Njengoba imisipha yenhliziyo ikhula, kuba nendawo encane yegazi yokugcwalisa inhliziyo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngenhliziyo ukupompa inani legazi elidingwa ngumzimba.
Nakuba lokhu kuqina kungenzeka kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yenhliziyo, kuvame ukuthinta udonga oluphakathi nenhliziyo. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-septum. Uma lolu donga luqina, lungavimba ukugeleza kwegazi kusuka ekamelweni eliyinhloko lokupompa kwenhliziyo, i-ventricle yesobunxele, kuya ku-aorta, umthambo wegazi oyinhloko othwala igazi liye emzimbeni.
Lesi simo singesokuphila konke. Singaba sibi kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi uma sitholakale kusenesikhathi futhi selashwa kahle, izinkinga zingavinjelwa kakhulu .
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-HCM:
Lesi simo singahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko, kuye ngokuthi kukhona yini ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi noma cha.
| Uhlobo lwe-HCM | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|---|
| I-HCM Evimbelayo | Nansi udonga oluphakathi lwenhliziyo (septum)Ukuqina kuvimbela indlela ekhipha igazi kwi- ventricle yesobunxele. Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zeziguli ze-HCM zinalolu hlobo. |
| I-HCM Engavimbeli (i-HCM Engavimbeli) | Lapha, imisipha yenhliziyo iyaqina kwezinye izindawo (isibonelo, ingxenye engezansi yenhliziyo). Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuqina akuvimbeli ngqo ukugeleza kwegazi. |
Yiziphi izimpawu umuntu one-HCM angase azibone?
Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Abanye abantu bangahlala iminyaka eminingi bengenazo izimpawu. Kodwa abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezithile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ube nombono ngalezi zimpawu.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba: Ukuqina noma ubuhlungu esifubeni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma ukuzikhandla.
- Ukuzizwa unesizungu nokuquleka: Ukuzizwa unesizungu lapho usukuma ngokuzumayo noma lapho uzivocavoca, ngezinye izikhathi okuholela ekulahlekelweni ingqondo.
- Ukuphefumula kanzima: Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ngisho nangemva kokusebenza kancane noma ukuhamba ibanga elifushane.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Umuzwa wenhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kanye nesifuba sigubha ngamandla.
- Ukuvuvukala (i-Edema): Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo emilenzeni, emaqakaleni, noma entanyeni.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ungase ube nezimpawu eziningana zalezi. Noma ungase ungabi nazo. Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu zalezi, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha bese ucela iseluleko ngaphandle kokuzishaya indiva.
Kungani lesi simo senzeka?
Umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo uthi, "Kungani lokhu kwenzeke kimi?" Kunezimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-HCM.
1. Imbangela Yezakhi Zofuzo: Cishe abantu abathathu kwabahlanu abane-HCM banalesi simo ngenxa yezinguquko ezakhini zabo zofuzo. Kalula nje, siwufuzo . Sibangelwa ukukhubazeka ezakhini zofuzo ezilawula ukukhula kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Sizuzwa ngendlela elawulwa yi-autosomal. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma noma yimuphi umzali enezakhi zofuzo ezinephutha, kunethuba elingu-50% lokuthi ingane yakhe izolizuza. Kodwa-ke, ubukhali besifo bungahluka ngisho nangaphakathi komndeni ofanayo. Abanye abantu bangase babe nalesi sakhi kodwa bangasitholi lesi sifo.
2. Akukho sizathu esitholiwe: Ezigulini ezimbili kwezi-5 ze-HCM, akukho sizathu esithile esingatholakala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho thonya lezakhi zofuzo. Abacwaningi basakufunda lokhu.
Nakuba lesi simo singavela kunoma yimuphi ubudala, sivame ukutholakala cishe eminyakeni engama-40.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-HCM?
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kusabisa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela. Uma kungelashwa, i-HCM ingaholela ezinkingeni. Kodwa khumbula, iningi labantu abane-HCM alibi nezinkinga ezinkulu.
| Inkinga | Kwenzekani? |
|---|---|
| I-fibrillation ye-atrial (i-Afib) | Amakamelo aphezulu enhliziyo ashaya ngokungajwayelekile nangokushesha. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwegazi kanye nezimo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi. |
| Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuminyana | Imisipha yenhliziyo ejiyile ayikwazi ukupompa igazi ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zomzimba. |
| I-endocarditis ethelelanayo | Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kwengaphakathi noma ama-valve enhliziyo. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Ventricular arrhythmias) | Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okungaba yingozi empilweni, okuvela emakamelweni aphansi enhliziyo. |
| Ukuma kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe | Lokhu kuyinkinga engavamile kakhulu kodwa engathi sína engenzeka. |
Ungesabi lezi zinto. Ukuze uzivikele kulezi zinto, sidinga ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha. Ikakhulukazi uma othile emndenini wakho ene-HCM, noma uma othile eshonile ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngokuzumayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uzihlole wena.
Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzolandela izinyathelo eziningana ukuze athole ukuthi unalesi sifo.
- Umlando wezokwelapha: Okokuqala, uzobuzwa ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho onesifo senhliziyo, noma ukuthi ukhona yini oshonile ngokuzumayo.
- Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela uzolalela inhliziyo namaphaphu akho esebenzisa i-stethoscope. Uma une-HCM evimbayo, ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzwe inhliziyo ikhala.
- Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile:
- I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Lolu ukuhlolwa kokuqala okwenziwayo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kurekhoda ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo futhi kungabona ukukhubazeka kubantu abaningi abane-HCM.
- I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lesi isivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu nesicacile sokuxilonga i-HCM. Kufana nokuskena komntwana. Kungabona ngokucacile ukujiya kwemisipha yenhliziyo, ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani, nokuthi impompa kanjani igazi.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zivivinyo eziyinhloko, udokotela angase ancome ezinye izivivinyo uma kudingeka.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
- Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwenhliziyo
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI yenhliziyo
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-"Holter monitor" okuqapha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo amahora angama-24 noma ngaphezulu
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-echo yokucindezeleka kokuzivocavoca
- Ukuhlolwa kofuzo
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-HCM?
Uma usuthole ukuthi une-HCM, udokotela wakho wenhliziyo uzonquma uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukulawula izimpawu nokunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga.
1. Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila kanye nokuqapha
Uma ungenazo izimpawu futhi usengozini encane yokuba nezinkinga, udokotela wakho angase aqaphe isimo sakho ngokukuhlola njalo futhi akucebise ukuthi uphile impilo enempilo yenhliziyo.
- Gwema ngokuphelele ukubhema.
- Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo (okunosawoti omncane namafutha amancane).
- Ukulala ngokwanele.
- Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile nokulingene njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela (ukuzivocavoca okunamandla kungase kungafaneleki).
- Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo.
- Ukulawulwa okuhle kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela.
2. Imithi
Kusetshenziswa imithi ehlukahlukene ukulawula izimpawu.
- Ama-Beta-blockers: Anciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo futhi anciphise ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni.
- Ama-calcium channel blockers: Khulula imisipha yenhliziyo futhi wenze kube lula ukuhamba kwegazi.
- Imithi yokuhlanza:Isusa uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni futhi inciphise izimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya.
Muva nje, kusungulwe umuthi omusha obizwa ngokuthi `(mavacamten)`. Lona umuthi wokuqala ohlose imbangela eyinhloko ye-HCM.
3. Izinqubo Ezikhethekile Nokuhlinzwa
Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile zezimo ezingenakukwazi ukulawulwa ngemithi, ikakhulukazi i-HCM evimbelayo, kanye nokuvimbela izinkinga.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kwenziwani |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Septal myectomy | Lokhu ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile. Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa ingxenye encane yodonga lwenhliziyo olujiyile (i-septum) , oluvimba ukugeleza kwegazi. |
| Ukususwa kwe-septal yotshwala | Lokhu kwenzelwa iziguli ezingakwazi ukuhlinzwa. Kusetshenziswa i-catheter, kufakwa inani elincane lotshwala emthanjeni omncane ohlinzeka ngegazi emisipheni yenhliziyo eqinisiwe. Lokhu kubhubhisa izicubu eziqinisiwe futhi kubangele ukuthi zinciphe. |
| Idivayisi ye-ICD (I-Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator) | Lokhu kusetshenziselwa iziguli ezisengozini yokuma kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo. Idivayisi encane efakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ifana nesivikelo senhliziyo. Lapho nje kuvela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okungaba yingozi empilweni, le divayisi ibangela ukushaqeka kagesi ukubuyisela inhliziyo esimweni esijwayelekile. |
Yini ongayilindela uma uhlala ne-HCM?
Asikho isidingo sokwesaba ukutshelwa ukuthi une-HCM. Iningi labantu lingaphila impilo ejwayelekile ngokwelashwa nokuphathwa okufanele. Nakuba izinga lokufa ngenxa yalesi sifo laliphezulu esikhathini esidlule, namuhla, ngenxa yokwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe, leyo ngozi yehle yafinyelela ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu elingu-0.5%.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe ukuthi uhlale uxhumana nodokotela wakho wenhliziyo. Hlola njalo, uphuze imithi yakho, futhi ulondoloze indlela yakho yokuphila njengoba encoma.
Kodwa kukhona into eyodwa okufanele uyiqaphele. I-HCM engatholakali iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo kubadlali abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-35. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukudlala ezemidlalo uma unomlando womndeni.
Ingabe lesi sifo singavinjelwa?
Njengoba i-HCM ivame ukubangelwa izici zofuzo, ayikho indlela yokuyivimbela ukuthi ingenzeki. Kodwa into engcono kakhulu esingayenza ukuvimbela izinkinga . Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokho ukwenza izivivinyo zokuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo kusenesikhathi.
Uma othile emndenini wakho (umama, ubaba, izingane zakini, izingane) ene-HCM, kufanele nakanjani uhlolwe.
Okokuqala, uzobe uhlolwa i-ECG kanye ne-Echocardiogram. Ngisho noma lezo zivivinyo zivamile, kungcono ukuthi zihlolwe njalo eminyakeni emi-3 uze ube neminyaka engama-30 bese kuba njalo eminyakeni emi-5.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-HCM yisimo lapho imisipha yenhliziyo iba nkulu kunokuvamile, okwenza kube nzima ngenhliziyo ukupompa igazi.
- Lokhu kuvame ukuba yisimo sofuzo esiba semindenini . Uma othile emndenini wakho enaso, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe.
- Abantu abaningi bangase bangabi nazimpawu . Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukuquleka, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kokuthola lesi sifo yi- Echocardiogram (Echo) .
- Ngokwelashwa okufanele, imithi, kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila , abantu abaningi abane-HCM bangaphila impilo evamile nenempilo . Asikho isidingo sokwesaba, okudingeka ukwenze nje ukuqaphela nokukuphatha ngendlela efanele.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho