Wake waphawula igazi elincane emchameni wakho? Noma unemilenze evuvukile, umuzwa wobuthakathaka, noma ukukhathala okuqhubekayo? Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesifo sezinso, mngane wami. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo sezinso esinegama eliyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa sonke okudingeka siqaphele. Yi-IgA Nephropathy. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Kuyini i-IgA Nephropathy? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-IgA nephropathy uhlobo lwesifo sezinso. Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi i-`(Antibody)` emzimbeni wethu, okungukuthi, i-antibody ebizwa ngokuthi i-`IgA`, iqoqana ngaphakathi kwezinso, okubangela ukuvuvukala, okungukuthi, ukuvuvukala. Lokhu kuvuvukala konakalisa imithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu ezinso, izingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi i-`(Glomeruli)` ezisebenza njengezihlungi. Cabanga nje, izinso zethu zifana nezihlungi ezimbili ezihlunga imfucuza emzimbeni bese ziyikhipha njengomchamo. Ngakho-ke, lapho lezi `(Glomeruli)` zonakele, igazi (`(Hematuria)`) kanye neprotheni (`(Proteinuria)`) ziqala ukuphuma ezinso kanye nomchamo.

Saziwa nangamanye amagama, njenge-'IgAN' kanye ne-'Berger's disease'. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi odokotela ababili baseFrance, uJean Berger noNicole Hinglas, bathola lesi sifo okokuqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960.

Lisho ukuthini leli gama?

Igama elithi "IgA nephropathy" lizwakala lide kancane, akunjalo? Ake sibone ukuthi lisho ukuthini.

• I-Immunoglobulin A (IgA): Lena yi-antibody engikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni. Iyiprotheni eyenziwe amasosha omzimba ethu, uhlelo olusivikela ezifweni. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukusivikela kubahlaseli bangaphandle njengamabhaktheriya namagciwane.
• I-Nephropathy: Leli igama lezokwelapha. Kalula nje, lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza noma yimuphi umonakalo, isifo, noma enye inkinga eyenzeka ezinso.

Ingabe lokhu kusongela impilo?

Nansi into ebalulekile. Uma ingelashwa, i-IgA nephropathy ingaba yimbi kancane kancane futhi iholele ekuhlulekeni kwezinso. Ukwehluleka kwezinso kungaba yingozi empilweni uma ingelashwa. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ngokwelashwa okufanele, inkambo yalesi sifo ingalawulwa kakhulu.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

I-IgA nephropathy empeleni iyisifo sezinso esivame kakhulu. Singathinta abantu banoma yimuphi ubudala. Ukusabalala kwaso kuyahlukahluka ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Kubikwa ukuthi lesi sifo sibonakala kaningi emazweni aseMpumalanga Asia, okungukuthi, esifundeni esihlala kuso. Lesi simo futhi yinto odokotela abavame ukuyibona eSri Lanka.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko?

Ngokuvamile, kungase kungabi nazimpawu ekuqaleni. Lesi sifo singaqhubeka iminyaka noma amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zivela, ungase uqaphele izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Igazi emchameni:Ngezinye izikhathi umchamo ungaba bomvu, ube nsundu, noma ube nombala wamanzi etiye. Lesi yisibonakaliso sokuqala abantu abaningi abasiqaphelayo.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba: Lokhu kubhekisela ebuhlungwini obusezinhlangothini zombili zesinqe, lapho kutholakala khona izinso.
• Ukuvuvukala (Ukuvuvuka): Ukuvuvukala kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni, emaqakaleni, esiswini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ebusweni.
• Umchamo onegwebu: Uma ubona igwebu eliningi emchameni wakho kunokuvamile, lokho nakho kuyisibonakaliso.

Cabanga nje, uSamantha (igama elingelona iqiniso) unguthisha osemncane. Ngolunye usuku, ngemva kokuba ngcono ngenxa yomkhuhlane, waphawula ukuthi umchamo wakhe wawushintsha waba bomvu. Ekuqaleni akazange awunake, ecabanga ukuthi, "Mhlawumbe ukukhathala nje." Kodwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, imilenze yakhe yaqala ukuvuvukala, futhi wazizwa ekhathele kakhulu. Kwaba ngemva kokubona udokotela nokuthola izivivinyo lapho atholakala khona ukuthi une-IgA nephropathy.

Kungani lesi sifo senzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bakholelwa ukuthi i-IgA nephropathy "isifo esihlasela amasosha omzimba." Kalula nje, okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba, amasosha okufanele asivikele ezifweni, ahlasela izinso zethu ngephutha.

Abantu abane-IgA nephropathy banohlobo oluncane lukashukela olubizwa ngokuthi `(Galactose)` kuma-antibodies abo `IgA` kunokuvamile. Amasosha ethu omzimba ayaqaphela le `(Galactose)` entula `njengomhlaseli wangaphandle. Bese lokhu kwenzeka:

• Amanye ama-antibodies emzimbeni wethu anamathela kule `(Galactose)`-engenayo i-`IgA`.
• Le `IgA` ihlangana ukuze yakhe amaqoqo amancane abizwa ngokuthi `ama-Immune complexes`.
• Lezi `(Izinhlanganisela Zomzimba)` zibhajwa ezihlungini ezincane ezinso zethu, ezibizwa ngokuthi `(Glomeruli)`.
• Bese kuba nokuvuvukala lapho bese izinso ziqala ukulimala.

Uma sinomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma umphimbo obuhlungu, lezi 'zinhlanganisela zomzimba ze-IgA' zijikeleza emizimbeni yethu ngobuningi obukhulu. Ezinye zalezi ziphelela ezinso, ngakho abanye abantu baqala ukuba nezimpawu ze-IgA nephropathy ngemuva kokuba benomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane.

Ingabe lokhu kuyinto evela ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane?

Kwabanye abantu, lokhu kungase kuhlobane nomlando womndeni walesi sifo. Okusho ukuthi, kungase kube nethonya lezakhi zofuzo elisebenza emindenini. Odokotela bathole izimpawu ezithile zezakhi zofuzo. Okusho ukuthi, kungase kube nokuxhumana phakathi kokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile kanye ne-IgA nephropathy.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi sifo?

Nakuba noma ubani engaba ne-IgA nephropathy, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Uma othile emndenini ene-IgA nephropathy.
• Uma othile emndenini wakho ene-'IgA vasculitis' (ebizwa nangokuthi '(Henoch-Schönlein purpura)').
• Ucwaningo lwaseMelika lubonisa ukuthi amadoda asengozini ephindwe kabili kunabesifazane.
• Kwabasha abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15-18 kanye naseminyakeni yabo yokugcina yama-30 .
• Isi-Asia noma isi-EuropeanKuthiwa abantu bomdabu base-Asia, njengeSri Lanka, bangakubona lokhu kakhudlwana.

Lokhu kuvame ukuqala eneminyaka emingaki?

Nakuba lesi sifo singathinta abantu banoma yibuphi ubudala, izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukuqala ukubonakala ebusheni bomuntu, phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15-18 kanye neminyaka engama-30.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma zingelashwa?

Uma i-IgA nephropathy ingelashwa kahle, izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zingavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Lokhu kusho ukwanda komfutho wegazi .
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso okubukhali: Ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wezinso ngokuzumayo.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungapheli: Ubuthakathaka bezinso kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi .
• I-Nephrotic syndrome: Lesi yisimo lapho izinso zikhipha khona amaprotheni amaningi emchameni. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala kanye namazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol.
• Izinkinga zesimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingozi yokuthola izifo zenhliziyo nezinkinga zemithambo yegazi iyanda.

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?

Uma ubona udokotela, uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nalesi simo, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, okungafaka phakathi ukuhlola umfutho wegazi lakho kanye nokuhlola ukuvuvukala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangenza ukuhlolwa okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Ukuhlola igazi namaprotheni emchameni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola amazinga e-cholesterol, amaprotheni, kanye nokungcola egazini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulinganiselwe kwesilinganiso sokuhlunga kwe-glomerular (eGFR): Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi lingakanani igazi elihlungwa yizinso zakho ngempumelelo ngomzuzu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwephrotheni yomchamo: Ukuhlolwa kwephrotheni kanye/noma uhlobo lwephrotheni olubizwa ngokuthi i-albumin emchameni.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuqoqwa komchamo kwamahora angama-24: Qoqa umchamo usuku lonke bese ubona ukuthi kuphuma amaprotheni amangaki.

Ingabe kudingeka i-biopsy yezinso?

Yebo, uma ezinye izivivinyo ziphakamisa ukusola ngalesi sifo, isivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuqinisekisa lesi sifo yi-biopsy yezinso . Kulokhu, udokotela uthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu ezinso esebenzisa ithuluzi elincane elifana nenaliti. Ngemuva kwalokho isazi sezifo, uchwepheshe ekuhlolweni kwezicubu, sibheka leyo ngxenye ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungashiwo ngqo ukuthi i-IgA ifakiwe yini ezinso, ukuthi umonakalo owenzekile ungakanani, nokuthi yisiphi isigaba sesifo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukulawula ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo nokusivimbela ukuthi singadluleli esifweni sezinso esisezingeni lokugcina (ESRD). Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi une-IgA nephropathy, cishe uzokudlulisela kudokotela wezinso, udokotela ogxile ezifweni zezinso.

Ukwelashwa kwe-IgA nephropathy kungafaka phakathi imithi elandelayo:

• Lawula umfutho wegazi: Imithi efana ne-`(Angiotensin-converting enzyme - ACE) inhibitors` kanye ne-`(Angiotensin receptor blockers - ARBs)`. Le mithi yehlisa umfutho wegazi futhi inciphisa nokulimala kwezinso.
• Susa amanzi angaphezulu emzimbeni: Imithi yokukhipha isisu, eyaziwa ngokuthi "amaphilisi amanzi."
• Lawula amasosha omzimba: Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvuvukala ezinso, kunganikezwa eminye imithi efana nama-steroid (isb., i-prednisone) noma i-cyclophosphamide. Le mithi inikezwa kuye ngokuthi isifo sinzima kangakanani.
• Amazinga e-cholesterol aphansi: Imithi efana ne-`(Statins)`.

Ingabe ukususa amathonsi (i-Tonsillectomy) kuyasiza kulokhu?

Ucwaningo oluthile lubonise ukuthi inani elincane labantu abane-IgA nephropathy lingazuza ngokuhlinzwa kwe-tonsill. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona indlela yokwelapha wonke umuntu . Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi lokhu kulungile yini kuwe.

Yini okufanele uyilindele uma uphila nalesi sifo?

Lokhu kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ngezinye izikhathi i-IgA nephropathy iba ngcono ngokwelashwa okulula. Akuvamile, lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso phakathi neminyaka embalwa.

Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bangaphila nezinso zabo ziphilile ngangokunokwenzeka futhi balawule ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Ngokusho kocwaningo, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabane abadala abane-IgA nephropathy basengozini yokwehluleka kwezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Phakathi kwezingane, le ngozi ingaba phezulu njengomuntu oyedwa kwabayi-10 kuya kwabayi-20.

Ingabe kuzodingeka ukufakelwa izinso?

Kuyehlukahluka kuye ngesiguli. Akuzona zonke izifo ezikhula ngesivinini esifanayo. Abanye abantu basabela kahle ekwelashweni futhi bangaphila nalesi simo isikhathi eside.

Uma izinso zakho ziyeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele ngenxa ye-IgA nephropathy, kungadingeka ukuthi ucabangele i-dialysis (inqubo yokuhlanza igazi) noma ukufakelwa izinso. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoxoxa nawe ngazo zonke lezi zinketho.

Lesi sifo sihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-IgA nephropathy isifo sezinso esiqhubekayo esivame ukuhlala impilo yonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi singase sibe sibi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, imithi inganciphisa izinga lokuqhubeka kwaso.

Kuthiwani ngokuphila kwesikhathi?

Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi isilinganiso sokuphila kwabantu abane-IgA nephropathy singancishiswa ngeminyaka engaba ngu-6 kuya kwengu-10 uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu ongenaso lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kumane kuyizibalo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngokwelashwa okuhle kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, lesi simo singalawulwa kakhulu.

Ngingaphila impilo evamile?

Yebo impela! Uma bephathwa kahle futhi bephila njengoba udokotela wabo encoma, abantu abaningi abane-IgA nephropathy bangaphila impilo ende nejabulisayo. Bangaqhubeka nokusebenza, baye esikoleni, futhi benze izinto abazithandayo.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela i-IgA nephropathy. Kodwa-ke, uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuhlala uphilile, ikakhulukazi ukugcina amazinga akho omfutho wegazi kanye ne-cholesterol elawulwa.

Ingabe ukudla neziphuzo kunomthelela kulokhu?

Ucwaningo alukakatholi ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwemikhuba yokudla noma ukudla okunomsoco kanye nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-IgA nephropathy.

Yikuphi ukudla neziphuzo okufanele kugwenywe?

Udokotela angatshela umuntu one-IgA nephropathy ukuthi anciphise ukudla neziphuzo ezithile, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukunciphisa usawoti .
• Ukunciphisa ukudla okucebile ngamaprotheni (njengenyama, inhlanzi, amaqanda nobisi).

Uma unezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol, ungase welulekwe ukuthi unciphise amafutha agcwele kanye nokudla okune-cholesterol eningi.

Kungani uthi ukunciphisa amaprotheni?

Ezinye zezinto ezikhiqizwa lapho kugaywa amaprotheni zidinga ukuhlungwa yizinso. Ngakho-ke, uma udla ukudla okuningi okucebile ngamaprotheni, izinso zakho kufanele zisebenze kanzima, okungenza izinso zakho zibe buthaka ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, uma ungadli amaprotheni anele, ungaba nezinkinga ezifana nokungondleki kahle. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubona isazi sokudla kwezinso ukuze sikusize udale ukudla okufanele wena futhi okuhle ezinso zakho. Uma welulekwe ukuthi unciphise ukudla kwakho amaprotheni, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe igazi njalo ukuze uhlole amazinga akho amaprotheni.

Ingabe kufanele ngithathe amaphilisi e-Omega-3?

Kwabanye abantu abane-IgA nephropathy, odokotela bangase batuse izithasiselo zamafutha enhlanzi eziqukethe ama-omega-3 fatty acids. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi lokhu kungase kwehlise umfutho wegazi futhi kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungalokothi uqale ukuthatha noma yisiphi isithasiselo, ngisho namaphilisi kawoyela wezinhlanzi, ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Ukuze uhlale uphilile, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela njalo ngezikhathi ezithile bese uthola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, njengabo bonke abanye abantu.Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-IgA nephropathy ukuthi ingaqhubeki iye ekuhlulekeni kwezinso. Futhi, uma unezinye izimo ezingathinta izinso zakho, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uziphathe kahle.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma une-IgA nephropathy futhi uba nezimpawu zokwehluleka kwezinso, kufanele uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha. Izimpawu ezinjalo zifaka:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile ``ukukhathala''.
• Ukuvama noma inani lokuchama liyakhula noma liyancipha ngaphezu kokulindelekile.
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Ukungalali noma ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma ufunda ngalesi sifo, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi. Kubalulekile ukubuza udokotela wakho bese umcacisela. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza:

• Ungayixilonga kanjani ngokunembile i-IgA nephropathy?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Ingabe ukususwa kwama-tonsils ami kuzongisiza?
• Ingabe kufanele ngibone isazi sokudla kwezinso?
• Ingabe kuwumqondo omuhle kimi ukuthatha izithasiselo zamafutha enhlanzi?
• Kufanele ngihlolwe igazi nomchamo kangaki?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ukufakelwa izinso?
• Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okungase kungifanele?
• Ungangitshela ngamaqembu okusekela abantu abane-IgA nephropathy?

Ukuthola ukuthi unesifo sezinso kungaba yinto eshaqisayo kakhulu. Kunolwazi oluningi olufika engqondweni ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuhlolwa okufanele kwenziwe, ama-aphoyintimenti okubonana nochwepheshe... Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile ngakho konke lokho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphefumula futhi uqonde ngempela ukuthi iyini i-IgA nephropathy.

Kwabanye abantu, lokhu akukubi kangako, futhi ukwelashwa okulula nokuhlolwa okuvamile kungasiza ekugcineni ukusebenza kwezinso. Kwabanye, kudingeka imithi ukuvikela izinso. Kodwa khumbula, lesi sifo singalawuleka, futhi ngokwelashwa okufanele, ungaphila kahle iminyaka eminingi.

Thola usizo emndenini wakho nakubangani bakho. Amaqembu okusekela abantu abanezifo ezifanayo angaba yindawo enhle yokwabelana ngemicabango yakho. Unganqikazi ukubuza udokotela uma unemibuzo, mngani wami.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu nge-IgA nephropathy, akunjalo? Okokugcina, nazi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu: ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu ezifana negazi emchameni noma ukuvuvukala, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
• Landela imiyalelo yokwelashwa ngokucophelela: Thatha umuthi onikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi. Landela imiyalelo.
• Izinguquko endleleni yokuphila: Landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho mayelana nokudla nokuzivocavoca. Uma bekutshela ukuthi ulawule ukudla kwakho usawoti namaprotheni, yenza kanjalo.
• Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha: Thola ukuhlolwa njalo njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho futhi ubheke isimo sezinso zakho.
• Lesi yisifo esingalawuleki: Ungakhathazeki. Ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo, ungaphila impilo ejabulisayo nenempilo nge-IgA nephropathy.
• Awuwedwa: ​​unomndeni, abangani, nodokotela abazokusiza. Ungathola futhi amandla amakhulu emaqenjini okusekela.

Nakekela impilo yezinso zakho, mngani!

I- IgA Nephropathy, IgA Nephropathy, Isifo Sezinso, Isifo SikaBuerger, Igazi Emchameni, I-Proteinuria, Ukwehluleka Kwezinso, I-Biopsy Yezinso, Ukufakelwa Kwezinso