Wake wazizwa uzizwa uqhaqhazela emehlweni noma ezihlathini zakho ngesikhathi uhleka noma ukhuluma nothile, noma lapho uzizwa ukhathele kancane? Lokhu kuqhaqhazela okungalawuleki kwemisipha kolunye uhlangothi lobuso bakho kungaba yinto ecasulayo futhi ehlazisayo. Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto evamile, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesinye sezimo ezinjalo, i-Hemifacial Spasm (HFS).
Kuyini ngempela i-Hemifacial Spasm?
Kalula nje, i-Hemifacial Spasm (HFS) yisimo sezinzwa esibangela ukushukuma kwemisipha okungahleliwe kolunye uhlangothi lobuso bakho. Lesi yisibonakaliso esivame ukuba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uma ubheka incazelo yegama, elithi “Hemi” lisho “ingxenye.” Elithi “Ubuso” lisho “okuphathelene nobuso.” Elithi “Spasm” lisho “ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.” Ngakho-ke elithi “Hemifacial Spasm” lisho “ukuqaqamba kwemisipha engxenyeni yobuso.”
Lesi simo sivame ukuqala lapho umuntu esemdala, phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-60. Odokotela basibiza ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kwangaphakathi. Okusho ukuthi, inkinga ngohlelo lwezinzwa lwangaphandle, oluyingxenye yohlelo lwezinzwa olungaphandle kobuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla.
I-Hemifacial Spasm iyisimo esingavamile, futhi abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuba nalesi simo kunabesilisa.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalesi simo?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu, kuye ngokuthi izimpawu zikhula kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuze ukuqonde kahle lokhu, bheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo lwe-Hemifacial Spasm | Indlela izimpawu ezibonakala ngayo |
|---|---|
| I-Primary Hemifacial Spasm | Kulolu hlobo, imisipha ezungeze amehlo iqala ukudikiza kuqala. Kungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka ukuthi ukudikiza kusabalale emisipheni engxenyeni engezansi yobuso. |
| I-Hemifacial Spasm Yesibili | Kulesi simo, ukudikiza kwemisipha kokubili ezingxenyeni eziphezulu nezingezansi zobuso kuqala cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Nakuba lokhu kudikiza kungase kuqale kudlule, kuzoqala ukwenzeka kaningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
Ziyini izimpawu zokushawa kobuso?
Uphawu oluyinhloko lwalesi simo ukudikiza kwemisipha kolunye uhlangothi lobuso. Lokhu kungenzeki ngokuzithandela (asikwazi ukukulawula). Lokhu kudikiza kuvame kakhulu ohlangothini lwesobunxele kunohlangothi lwesokudla. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, lokhu kudikiza kungenzeka kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zobuso.
Uphawu lokuqala luvame ukuqala ngokuqhaqhazela kwamehlo. Lokhu kuyafika kudlule. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpawu zingase ziqhubekele ku:
- Ukucwayiza okungalawuleki: Kufana nokucwayiza, kodwa asikwazi ukukulawula.
- Ukuphakamisa amashiya: Ishiya liphakama ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenxa yokushaya.
- Ukuvuvukala kobuso obungezansi: Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umlomo udonseleke eceleni.
- Kuthinta yonke imisipha ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso: Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kudikiza kungaba okuqhubekayo futhi kungapheli.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lokhu kuqina kwemisipha ngokuvamile akubuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, uma usesidlangalaleni, kungakwenza uzizwe ungakhululekile futhi unamahloni.
Lezi zimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokucindezeleka, ukukhathala, ukudla, nokukhathazeka. Okumangalisayo ukuthi lezi zihlaselo zingase zenzeke nalapho ulele. Lokhu kungaze kuholele nasekuqwasheni kwabanye abantu.
Ezinye izimpawu
Abanye abantu bangase babhekane nezinye izinto ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu eziyinhloko.
- Ukuzwa umsindo "wokuchofoza" ngaphakathi endlebeni.
- Ubuhlungu bendlebe.
- Ukukhubazeka kokuzwa (ikakhulukazi ku-HFS yesibili).
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?
Imbangela eyinhloko yokuqina kwe-hemifacial ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo kwenye yezinzwa zethu zobuso (umthambo wesikhombisa we-cranial). Kodwa-ke, kungaba nezinye izimbangela eziningana eziyisisekelo zalokhu kucindezeleka.
Kunemizwa emibili eyinhloko ohlangothini ngalunye lobuso bethu. Le mizwa iqala ebuchosheni bethu bese isakazeka ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso. Ilawula izinto ezifana nemisipha elawula ukubonakaliswa kobuso, izindlala zamathe emlonyeni, izindlala zezinyembezi emehlweni, kanye nezinzwa zokunambitha ezingaphambili kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zolimi.
Izimbangela zingase zihluke kuye ngohlobo lwe-HFS.
Izimbangela Zokuqhekeka Okuyinhloko Kwe-Hemifacial
Lena imbangela evame kakhulu. Okwenzeka lapha umthambo wegazi obekwe ngendlela engajwayelekile.(umthambo wegazi) uyafika bese ucindezela imithambo yobuso esikhulume ngayo. Ngenxa yalokhu kucindezelwa, isembozo esivikelayo (i-myelin sheath) yemithambo siyaphela kancane kancane. Ngemuva kwalokho izimpawu zemizwa azihambi kahle, ziyaphambana futhi imisipha iqala ukunyakazisa.
Izimbangela ze-Secondary Hemifacial Spasm
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inzwa yobuso ithintwa esinye isimo noma inkinga eyisisekelo. Ezinye zezimbangela zifaka:
- Ingozi noma ukulimala eduze kwenzwa yobuso.
- Isimo sikaBell sokukhubazeka.
- Ukulimala kwesiqu sobuchopho, isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis noma i-stroke.
- Izinkinga ngemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni, njenge-brain aneurysms kanye nezimila zemithambo yegazi ezingezona umdlavuza (ama-angioma).
- Izinkinga zendlebe. Izimo ezifana nokutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi (i-otitis media), i-mastoiditis.
- Izimila ezenzeka ezindlaleni zamathe (izindlala ze-parotid).
- Izinkinga zesakhiwo ezenzeka ngemuva nangaphansi kwekhanda.
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Uma unalezi zimpawu, uma ubona udokotela, uzoqala akuhlole ngokomzimba bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa.
Ngemuva kwalokho, i-MRI scan ivame ukunconywa ukuze kukhishwe ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zakho nokuthola imbangela eqondile ye-HFS yakho. Ku-HFS eyinhloko, i-MRI scan ivame ukubona umthambo wegazi ongavamile ocindezela inzwa.
Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuqaqamba kwemisipha kungafana nezinye izinhlobo zokuqaqamba kobuso (isb. i-blepharospasm) noma i-seizures. Ngakho-ke, uma udokotela wakho engakwazi ukuhlonza ngokunembile uhlobo lokuqaqamba, angancoma ukuhlolwa kwe-electromyography (EMG) .
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukunciphisa ukuvama kanye nobukhali bokuhlanzeka kobuso. Izinketho zokwelapha zincike embangela kanye nobukhali besimo. Ake sibheke izinketho zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Imijovo ye-Botulinum toxin (Botox®) | Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha yokuqala esetshenziswa kakhulu. Kuhilela ukunikeza umjovo ukuze kuncishiswe imisipha okwesikhashana ebangela ukuqaqamba. Ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga ezi-3-4, ngemva kwalokho umjovo kumele uphindwe. |
| Imithi yomlomo (amaphilisi) | Lokhu kunikezwa abantu abangafuni imijovo yeBotox noma abangakwazi ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithi efana nemithi yokwelapha ukuxhuzula kanye nemithi yokuphumula imisipha. |
| Ukuhlinzwa | Lesi yisisombululo esihlala njalo kuphela se-HFS. Inqubo yokuhlinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-Microvascular Decompression isusa umthambo wegazi ocindezela inzwa bese ifaka iphedi. Lokhu kunconywa kuphela ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. |
Imijovo yeBotox (Imijovo yeBotulinum Toxin)
Imijovo ye-Botox ibhekwa njengokwelashwa kokuqala kwe-HFS ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle kanye nemiphumela emibi ephansi. Izimpawu zingancishiswa zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha zomjovo. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela ihlala cishe izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine. Ngemva kwalokho, kuzodingeka uphinde uthole umjovo ukuze ulawule ukudlidliza.
Imiphumela emibi emincane ingase ivele ngemva kwalo mjovo:
- Ukucasuka kwamehlo
- Ukugoba kwejwabu leso
- Ubuthakathaka bobuso besikhashana
Imithi Yomlomo
Udokotela angase akunike imithi efana nale:
- Imithi yokulwa nesifo sokuwa njenge-carbamazepine noma i-gabapentin.
- Ama-Benzodiazepine afana ne-clonazepam.
- Iziphumuli zemisipha njenge-baclofen.
Nakuba le mithi ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ayisebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kungabangela imiphumela emibi njengobuthongo nokukhathala.
Ukuhlinzwa
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha i-HFS unomphela ukuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, odokotela batusa lokhu kuphela uma isimo sibi kakhulu futhi imijovo ye-Botox ingasebenzi.
Ukuhlinzwa okuvamile kakhulu kubizwa ngokuthi i-microvascular decompression . Lokhu kuhilela ukukhulula umthambo wegazi ocindezela i-nerve emthanjeni bese kubekwa i-Teflon pad encane phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.
Uma lokhu kuhlinzwa kuphumelele, ngeke uphinde uhlaselwe yi-HFS. Kodwa njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezithile.
- Ukusabela ekubulaweni yizinzwa.
- Umonakalo wesikhashana noma unomphela emsipheni wobuso.
- Ukukhubazeka kokuzwa.
- Ukuvuza koketshezi lomgogodla (CSF).
Ingabe lesi isimo esiyingozi? Ingabe kufanele ngesabe?
Cha. I-Hemifacial Spasm ngokwayo ayilimazi impilo yakho yomzimba. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi isimo sezokwelapha esibangela lokhu (isib. isimila sobuchopho, umonakalo we-brainstem) singaba yingozi.
Yingakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha nje lapho uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu bese uthola imbangela eqondile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ubhekane nezinkinga ezifana nalezi:
- Izinkinga zokulala.
- Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, njengokuzihlukanisa nabantu, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokucindezeleka.
- Ukuvala amehlo okungalawulwa isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungaba yingozi uma kwenzeka, njengalapho ushayela.
I-Hemifacial Spasm iyisimo esicasulayo nesihlazisayo kakhulu. Umuzwa wokungakwazi ukulawula umzimba wakho awulungile kunoma ubani. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo, njengokujova nge-Botox, imithi, kanye nokuhlinzwa. Uma uvame ukuzwa ukuqaqamba kobuso futhi uzizwa sengathi kuya kuba kubi, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Uzokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi akunike uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hemifacial Spasm (HFS) yisimo sezinzwa esibangela imisipha yolunye uhlangothi lobuso bakho ukuba inyakaze ngokungalawuleki.
- Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukucindezela komthambo wegazi emthanjeni wobuso, kodwa kungaba nezinye izimbangela ezinkulu.
- Nakuba lobu buhlungu ngokuvamile bungebuhlungu, bungathinta impilo yansuku zonke kanye nempilo yengqondo.
- Kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu kulokhu, njengemijovo yeBotox, imithi, kanye nokuhlinzwa.
- Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi, kodwa ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele nokwelashwa.
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