Wake wama wacabanga ukuthi kulula kangakanani ngathi ukwenza imisebenzi yethu yansuku zonke? Ukuvuka ekuseni, ukuphuza inkomishi yetiye, ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukuskrola ocingweni lwethu... Namuhla sizokhuluma ngeqhawe elithule ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu. Lawo “amalunga” emzimbeni wethu. Kalula nje, ngaphandle kwala malunga, besizoba njengezitini zokhuni, singakwazi ukunyakaza nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, ake sifunde konke ngala malunga okusisiza kakhulu.
Ziyini ngempela lezi zihlanganisi?
Kulula kakhulu. Ilunga liyinoma iyiphi indawo emzimbeni wakho lapho amathambo amabili ehlangana khona. Ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lwamathambo. Kufana ne-hinge emnyango. Ngaphandle kwe-hinge, umnyango ubungeke uvuleke noma uvale. Ngokufanayo, ngaphandle kwamalunga, izitho zethu, iminwe, nentamo bekungeke kukwazi ukugoba noma ukuqondisa.
Kunamakhulu amalunga anjengalawa emizimbeni yethu. Amanye amalunga esiwabonayo nesiwaziyo nsuku zonke, njengamadolo nezindololwane. Amanye amalunga esingakaze sizwe ngawo, njengamalunga axhumanisa amathambo ekhanda lethu. Konke lokhu kusebenza ndawonye ukusiza imizimba yethu isebenze kahle .
Odokotela bahlukanisa amalunga ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Ngokusebenza kwazo: Okusho ukuthi, ngokuya ngokuthi zihamba ibanga elingakanani.
2. Ngokwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo: Okusho ukuthi, ngokwezinto ezenziwe ngazo.
Iyiphi inkonzo enikezwa amalunga emizimbeni yethu?
Amalunga asekela imizimba yethu futhi asisize sihlale, sime, sihambe, sigijime, sigxume, futhi ngamafuphi, senze noma yikuphi ukunyakaza. Sihlukanisa amalunga ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe enanini lokunyakaza elikuvumelayo.
- Ama-synarthrose: Njengoba igama lisho, la malungu awashukumi nhlobo. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu amalunga axhumanisa amathambo ekhanda lethu. Cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma amathambo ekhanda lethu, avikela ubuchopho bethu, ebengahamba emuva naphambili? La malungu aqinile futhi awashukumi ukuze avimbele leyo ngozi.
- Ama-Amphiarthroses: Lawa malunga anokunyakaza okuthile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi asinika kokubili ukuzinza kanye nokunyakaza okuthile. Isibonelo esihle salokhu amalunga aphakathi kwamathambo omgogodla wethu. Lawa asivumela ukuthi sigobe phambili, emuva, nangasezinhlangothini, kanye nokugcina umgogodla wethu uqondile.
- Amalunga ahamba kakhulu (Diarthroses): La malunga anokunyakaza okukhulu emzimbeni wethu. Angahamba ngokukhululeka cishe kunoma iyiphi indlela. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ihlombe, isinqe, idolo, indololwane, kanye nesandla. La malunga ahamba ngokukhululeka asisiza lapho sigijima, sikhahlela ibhola, noma sidansa.
I-joint yenziwe ngani?
Ilunga akuyona nje indawo lapho amathambo amabili ehlangana khona. Liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho. Ilunga lakhiwa amathambo kanye neqoqo lezicubu ezixhumanisayo eziwabamba ndawonye.
Ijoyinti liqukethe lezi zinto ikakhulukazi:
- I-cartilage: Lezi zifana nomatrasi. Izinhlangothi zamathambo zimbozwe yi-cartilage. Lapho amathambo amabili eshayisana, yi-cartilage ewasiza ukuthi ahambe kahle ngaphandle kokuwalimaza.
- Ama-Tendon: Lawa amabhande aqinile axhumanisa imisipha yethu namathambo ethu. Uma sifuna ukugoba ingalo, imisipha iyafinyela, bese ithambo lidonswa ngale tendon, okubangela ukuba ilunga ligobe.
- Ama-Ligaments: Lawa anjengemicu eqinile. Kodwa axhumanisa ithambo elilodwa nelinye. La ma-ligaments asiza ukugcina ilunga lizinzile, elivimbela ukuthi linganyakazi kakhulu.
- Imizwa: Le mizwa isisiza ukuba sizwe ubuhlungu kanye nokucindezeleka esilungwini. Iphinde itshele ubuchopho ukuthi ilunga lethu likusiphi isikhundla.
Amalunga ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu kuye ngokuthi aqukethe izicubu ezixhumeneyo ezingakanani.
1. Amalunga Ane-Fibrous
2. Amalunga e-Cartilaginous
3. Amalunga e-Synovial
Ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ngokwehlukana.
Amalunga Ane-Fibrous
Lawa majoyinti awanyakazi kakhulu. Amanye awanyakazi nhlobo. Abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-fibrous' ngoba enziwe ngezicubu eziqinile ezixhumene kahle ezilukiwe ndawonye njengemicu. Acebile ngeprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-collagen .
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zalezi zihlanganisi ezine-fibrous:
- Ama-suture: Lawa amalunga axhumanisa amapuleti amathambo ekhanda lethu, njengemithungo yengubo.
- Ama-Gomphoses: Amazinyo akho anamathele emhlathini wakho ngejoyinti elinjengaleli.
- Ama-Syndesmoses: Lawa amalunga axhumanisa amathambo amabili asondelene. Isibonelo, i-tibia kanye ne-fibula yomlenze wethu kuxhunywe yilolu hlobo lwelunga.
Amalunga e-Cartilaginous
Amathambo kula malungu axhunywe ungqimba lwe-cartilage, olusebenza njengomqamelo phakathi kwamathambo amabili. La malungu angahamba ngezinga elithile, kodwa hhayi kude kakhulu noma kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Izibonelo ezinhle zalokhu amalunga lapho izimbambo zethu (izimbambo) zixhuma khona ne-sternum (ithambo eliphakathi nesifuba). Uma siphefumula kakhulu, isifuba sethu siyaphakama futhi sehle ngenxa yokunyakaza okuncane kwala malunga. Futhi, ilunga lapho izingxenye zesokudla nesobunxele zamathambo ethu esinqeni (i-pubic symphysis) zixhuma khona phambi kwethu lingelalolu hlobo.
Amalunga e-Synovial - Uhlobo lwelunga olunikeza ukunyakaza okukhulu emzimbeni!
La malungu e-synovial anenkululeko enkulu yokunyakaza emzimbeni wethu. Akhiwe ngendlela ekhethekile kakhulu. Angena endaweni engenalutho ethanjeni elilodwa, lapho ukuphela kwelinye ithambo kungena khona.
Iziphetho zamathambo kula malungu zimbozwe esikhwameni esigcwele uketshezi olushelelayo olubizwa ngokuthi uketshezi lwe-synovial . Lokhu kufana nokugcoba umshini. Lolu ketshezi lusiza amathambo ukuba ahambe kahle, lunciphise ukungqubuzana futhi luwavimbele ukuthi akhuhlane.
Kunezinhlobo eziyisi-6 eziyinhloko zamajoyinti e-synovial. Ukuze kube lula ngathi ukuqonda, ake sibheke leli thebula.
| Uhlobo Lokuhlangana | Indlela yokuthutha | Izindawo emzimbeni wethu (izibonelo) |
|---|---|---|
| Ama-Hinge Joints | Ingavula futhi ivale kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa (njenge-hinge emnyango). | Amadolo, izindololwane, kanye namalunga eminwe. |
| Amajoyinti eBhola kanye neSokhethi | Ithambo elilodwa linengxenye efana nebhola enamathiselwe kulo, elinye linengxenye efana nendebe enamathiselwe kulo. Lingaphenduka cishe kunoma iyiphi indlela. | Ihlombe, isinqe. |
| Amalunga e-Condyloid | Kufana nebhola kanye nejoyinti lesokhethi, kodwa ayikwazi ukuzungeza indilinga egcwele (ama-degree angu-360). Ingahamba phambili, emuva, kanye naseceleni kuya komunye. | Isihlakala, izindawo lapho izinzwane zixhumana khona nonyawo. |
| Amajoyinti e-Pivot | Ungazungeza ngenkathi uhlala endaweni eyodwa. | Singaphendula amakhanda ethu kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye ngenxa yelungu entanyeni. |
| Ama-Planar Joints | Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi yakhiwe amathambo amabili ayisicaba ahlangana ndawonye. Ukunyakaza kwenzeka ngokuthi elinye lishelele phezu kwelinye. | Phakathi kwamathambo amancane esihlakaleni, phakathi kwamathambo omgogodla. |
| Amalunga Esihlalo | Yakhiwa amathambo amabili agobile ahlangana ndawonye. Ibukeka njengezimo ezimbili 'ze-U' ezifanelana. Nakuba ingenakukwazi ukuzungeza, ingahamba ngezindlela eziningi. | Ilunga lapho isithupha sethu sixhuma khona entendeni yesandla sethu. Yilokhu okusivumela ukubamba eminye iminwe nokubamba izinto ngokuqinile. |
Izifo ezivamile kanye nokulimala okuthinta amalunga
Noma yini elimaza amathambo ethu noma izicubu ezixhumeneyo ingathinta amalunga ethu. Ezinye zalezi zifo zifaka:
Izifo zesikhathi eside
- I-Arthritis: Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, okusho ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu emalungeni.
- I-Osteoarthritis: Isimo esibangelwa ukuguguleka kwe-cartilage emalungeni njengoba siguga noma ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile.
- I-Bursitis: Ukuvuvukala kwezikhwama ezigcwele uketshezi (i-bursae) emalungeni.
- I-Tendinitis: Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha.
- I-Osteoporosis: Amathambo aba buthakathaka futhi aphuke kalula. Nakuba lesi kungesona isifo esiqondile samalunga, singabangela umonakalo emalungeni ngenxa yokuphuka kwamalunga.
Izifo Zokuzivikela Ezizenzakalelayo
Lezi yizifo lapho uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu (amasosha omzimba) lungaqondi kahle futhi luhlasele amangqamuzana ethu aphilile, ikakhulukazi amalunga.
- Isifo Samathambo Esibangelwa Yi-Rheumatoid
- Isifo Samathambo Se-Psoriatic
- I-Lupus
Izingozi nokulimala
Amalunga nawo angalimala ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokuwa nezingozi zezimoto.
- Ukulimala kwezemidlalo
- Ukuphuka kwamathambo
- Ukuhlukaniswa
- Ukuqhekeka
Wazi kanjani ukuthi unenkinga emalungeni akho? - Izimpawu
Izimpawu zingase zihluke kuye ngesimo noma ukulimala onakho, kodwa izinkinga eziningi zamalunga zingaba nalezi zimpawu ezivamile:
- Ubuhlungu (ikakhulukazi uma kususwa ilunga)
- Ukuvuvukala (Ukuvuvukala)
- Ukubomvu noma ukushintsha kombala kwesikhumba esizungeze ilunga
- Ukuzizwa ufudumele emalungeni
- Umsindo noma umuzwa wokuchofoza lapho kunyakaza ilunga
- Ukuzwa umsindo othi "khakha" noma umuzwa ofanayo
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma uqhubeka nokuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ozidingayo ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho. Ezinye zezivivinyo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:
- Ama-X-ray: Hlola izimo zamathambo, ukwaphuka kwamathambo, njll.
- Izikrini ze-Ultrasound: Bheka izicubu ezithambile (ama-ligaments, imisipha) ezizungeze ilunga.
- Ukufuthwa kwamalunga: Uketshezi olungaphakathi kwamalunga luthathwa ngesirinji bese luhlolwa ukuthi alunalo yini ukutheleleka noma isifo.
- Ukuskena kwe-CT: Thola izithombe ze-3D zamathambo namalunga ngemininingwane eminingi kune-X-ray.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (MRI): Ukulimala kwezicubu ezithambile njenge-cartilage, imisipha, kanye nemisipha kungabonakala ngokucacile.
Singawanakekela kanjani amalunga ethu?
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina amalunga akho ephilile ukulandela imikhuba emihle yezempilo iyonke.
- Yidla ukudla okunomsoco. Ukudla okucebile nge-calcium kanye ne-vitamin D kuhle kakhulu emathanjeni. Futhi, ukulawula isisindo somzimba wakho kusiza ekunciphiseni ingcindezi emalungeni akho (ikakhulukazi emadolweni nasezinqeni zakho).
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Umzimba nezidingo zawo wonke umuntu zihlukile. Ngakho khetha ukuzivocavoca okukusebenzelayo. Ukuzivocavoca okunciphisa ukucindezeleka emalungeni akho, njengokubhukuda, ukugibela ibhayisikili, ukuphakamisa izinsimbi, kanye ne-aerobics yamanzi, kuhle kakhulu. Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi yikuphi ukuzivocavoca okukulungele.
- Gqoka izimpahla zokuzivikela. Uma udlala ezemidlalo noma usebenza emsebenzini oyingozi, gqoka izimpahla zokuzivikela ezifanele (isib. ama-knee pad, ama-elbow pad).
- Hamba uyohlolwa njalo ngudokotela. Futhi uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko noma ubuhlungu obusha emalungeni akho, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo njalo uma ugibele imoto.Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekunciphiseni umonakalo emalungeni uma kwenzeka ingozi.
Sisebenzisa amalunga ethu kukho konke esikwenzayo usuku lonke, kusukela ekufundeni lesi sihloko ocingweni lwethu kuya ekuhlaleni esihlalweni ngemva kosuku olukhathazayo. Angamathuluzi ayinhloko anikeza umzimba wethu ukuma futhi asisize senze noma yikuphi ukunyakaza. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wethu wemfanelo ukunakekela amalunga ethu ayigugu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ilunga yilapho amathambo amabili emzimbeni wethu ehlangana khona. Ngaphandle kwalawa, asikwazi ukunyakaza.
- Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamalunga. Amanye awashukumi (njengekhanda), amanye anyakaza kancane (njengomgogodla), kanti amanye anyakaza kakhulu (njengehlombe nedolo).
- Ukudla okunempilo, ukuvivinya umzimba okufanele, kanye nokulawula isisindo kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni amalunga ephilile.
- Uma unobuhlungu obungapheli, ukuvuvukala, noma ezinye izimpawu ezingavamile kwelinye lamalunga akho, ungakushayi indiva bese ubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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