Liyini igazi? (Igazi) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula!

Wake waba nesilonda esincane wabona ithonsi noma amabili egazi elibomvu liphuma kulo? Mhlawumbe yilapho usika isandla sakho ngephepha. Sonke siyazi ukuthi igazi liyinto ebomvu. Kodwa, liyini ngempela leli gazi? Lidlala yiphi indima leli gazi emizimbeni yethu? Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla, njengokukhuluma nomngane.

Liyini igazi futhi kungani libaluleke kangaka kithi?

Kalula nje, igazi libalulekile ekusindeni kwethu. Lifana nophethiloli wemoto, igazi lomzimba wethu. Yileli gazi elithwala izinto okudingeka zisebenze yilungu ngalinye lomzimba wethu, okungukuthi, wonke amaseli nezicubu. Cabanga ngakho njengenkonzo yamaloli eletha izimpahla kulo lonke idolobha.

• Ithutha umoya-mpilo: Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo ongena emaphashini ethu uthwalwa yigazi uye emangqamuzaneni emzimbeni wonke. Ngaphandle kwalo moya-mpilo, amangqamuzana ethu awakwazi ukusinda.
• Inikeza ukudla okunomsoco: Izakhamzimba , njenge-glucose, ezigaywayo futhi zimuncwa ekudleni esikudlayo zisakazwa emzimbeni wonke ngegazi. Yilezi ezinika amangqamuzana ethu amandla.
• Ukususa imfucuza: Igazi lithwala imfucuza ( njenge -carbon dioxide) ekhiqizwa amangqamuzana ethu liyibuyisele emaphashini, lapho siyikhipha khona. Igazi lisiza futhi ekususeni eminye imfucuza emzimbeni ngezitho ezifana nezinso nesibindi.
• Kuvikela ezifweni: Kunamaseli akhethekile egazini alwa namagciwane, njengamagciwane namagciwane, angena emizimbeni yethu futhi asivikele ezifweni . Kufana nebutho lokuzivikela elingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu.
• Ama-hormone athwala imiyalezo: Ama-hormone ayizithunywa zamakhemikhali ezilawula yonke imisebenzi emizimbeni yethu. Lawa ma-hormone athwalwa esuka endaweni eyodwa aye kwenye egazini.
• Ilawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba: Igazi liphinde lisize ekugcineni izinga lokushisa lomzimba wethu.
• Kumisa ukopha uma ulimele: Igazi lingalawula nokopha ngokuvimbela ukopha ngokweqile ngisho nasenxebeni elincane, ngokubangela ukuba igazi lijiye (ukujiya kwegazi) .

Uyabona, igazi aliyona nje into ebomvu encane. Liyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, emangalisayo esekela impilo yemizimba yethu!

Igazi lenziwe ngani?

Ake sibone ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinto ezakha lesi sakhi esimangalisayo, igazi. Kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko egazini.

1. I-Plasma - Lena yingxenye yoketshezi.

2. Amaseli egazi - Lezi yizinhlobo zamaseli antantayo ku-plasma.

Kuyini i-Plasma?

Cabanga nje, uma igazi lifana nesaladi yezithelo, khona-ke i-plasmaKufana nesiraphu esintanta izingcezu zezithelo kuleyo saladi. Kodwa lokhu kuwuketshezi oluphuzi. Ama-55% kuphela egazi lethu ayi-plasma .

I-plasma yakhiwa kakhulu ngamanzi. Kodwa akuwona amanzi kuphela, futhi iqukethe nezinye izinto eziningi ezibalulekile:

• Amaprotheni: Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamaprotheni, njenge-albumin, i-globulin, ne-fibrinogen. Lawa asiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi, akhiqize ama-antibodies alwa nezifo, futhi asize ekuqhekekeni kwegazi.
• Izakhamzimba: Izinto ezifana ne-glucose, ama-amino acid, amavithamini, nama-fatty acid esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili zithuthwa ziye emangqamuzaneni nge-plasma.
• Ama-hormone: Ama-hormone alawula imisebenzi eyahlukene emzimbeni wethu nawo ayahamba ancibilike kule plasma.
• Ama-electrolyte: Usawoti ofana ne-sodium, i-potassium, ne-calcium. Lokhu kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesimiso sezinzwa kanye nokusebenza kwemisipha.
• Imfucuza: Imikhiqizo yemfucuza efana ne-urea ekhishwa emangqamuzaneni nayo ithwalwa izinso nge-plasma.

Ngakho-ke, i-plasma ayiyona nje into ewuketshezi, kodwa iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokuthutha yomzimba wethu, ukutholakala kokudla okunomsoco, ukulahlwa kwemfucuza, kanye nesistimu yokuzivikela.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaseli egazi?

Manje ake sixoxe ngamaseli egazi antanta oketshezini olubizwa nge-plasma. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zala maseli egazi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othile.

1. Amaseli Egazi Abomvu / Ama-Erythrocyte - Amaseli aletha impilo emizimbeni yethu!

Lawa uhlobo oluningi kakhulu lwamaseli egazini lethu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lawa maseli abomvu yiwo anika igazi umbala walo obomvu. Lawa maseli mancane kakhulu, ama-disc e-biconcave. Cabanga ngawo njenge-donut encane, kodwa esikhundleni sembobo phakathi, kukhona imbobo phakathi.

• Umsebenzi oyinhloko: Iphrotheni ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi ``Hemoglobin``` emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi ivumela lawa maseli ukuthi athwale umoya-mpilo . Umoya-mpilo esiwuthatha emaphashini ubopha i-hemoglobin futhi uthwalwa ngamangqamuzana abomvu egazi uye kuwo wonke amanye amaseli emzimbeni. Aphinde asize ekubuyiseleni ingxenye ye-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa emangqamuzaneni emaphashini.
• Isikhathi Sokuphila: Iseli elilodwa elibomvu legazi liphila cishe izinsuku ezingu-120 . Ngemva kwalokho, liyabhujiswa esibindini nasesinqeni, bese kukhiqizwa amangqamuzana amasha.
• Zenziwa kuphi?: Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi enziwa endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi umnkantsha wamathambo ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu amakhulu.
• Izinkinga: Uma inani lamaseli abomvu egazi lehla, noma uma inani le-hemoglobin lehla, imizimba yethu ayitholi umoya-mpilo owanele. Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi "i-Anemia" . Ngemuva kwalokho kungase kube nezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukuphaphatheka, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.

2. Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi / Ama-Leukocyte - Amasosha okuzivikela omzimba!

Amaseli amhlophe egazi angamasosha ayinhloko esimisweni somzimba wethu sokuzivikela . Akhulu kunamaseli abomvu egazi, kodwa inani lawo egazini liphansi kunelamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

• Umsebenzi oyinhloko: Umsebenzi oyinhloko wala maseli ukulwa nokubhubhisa amagciwane (amagciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta, izimuncagazi) angena emizimbeni yethu, futhi asivikele ezifweni . Aphinde asize ekuboneni nasekubhubhiseni amangqamuzana angajwayelekile, njengamaseli omdlavuza.
• Izinhlobo ezahlukene: Akukhona uhlobo olulodwa nje lweseli elimhlophe legazi. Njengoba nje kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli amhlophe ebutho, kunezinhlobo eziningana zamaseli amhlophe egazi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othize:
• Ama-neutrophils: Lawa uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwamaseli amhlophe egazi. Alwa kakhulu nokutheleleka ngamagciwane.
• Ama-lymphocyte: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-lymphocyte, ama-B-cell nama-T-cell. Ama-B-cell akhiqiza ama-antibodies . Lawa ma-antibodies angamaphrotheni akhethekile asiza ekuboneni nasekuhlaseleni amagciwane. Ama-T-cell abhubhisa ngqo amaseli athelelekile futhi alawule amanye amaseli omzimba.
• Ama-monocyte: Lawa angamaseli amhlophe egazi amakhulu kunawo wonke. Uma esuka egazini aye ezicutshini, aba amaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-macrophage, "agwinya" futhi ahlanze amagciwane, amaseli afile, kanye neminye imfucuza.
• Ama-Eosinophil: Lawa alwa kakhulu nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Angabonakala futhi ekuguleni komzimba.
• Ama-Basophil: Lawa uhlobo oluncane kakhulu lwamaseli amhlophe egazi. Akhipha amakhemikhali afana ne-histamine ngesikhathi sokusabela kokungezwani komzimba.
• Akhiqizwa kuphi?: Lawa maseli amhlophe egazi akhiqizwa kakhulu emnkantsheni wethambo. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-lymphocytes, nazo zikhula ezindaweni ezifana nama-lymph node.
• Izinkinga: Inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi eliphakeme noma eliphansi ngokungajwayelekile lingabonisa izimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Isibonelo, ukutheleleka kungabangela ukwanda kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi. I-leukemia umdlavuza wamaseli amhlophe egazi.

3. Ama-Platelet / Ama-Thrombocyte - Amaqhawe amancane avimba ukopha!

Ama-platelet empeleni awawona amangqamuzana aphelele. Ayizingcezu ezincane kakhulu zamaseli eziqhekeka emaseli amakhulu abizwa ngokuthi ama-megakaryocytes emnkantsheni wamathambo. Awanawo i-nucleus.

• Umsebenzi oyinhloko: Uma sithola inxeba endaweni ethile emzimbeni wethu bese kuphuka umthambo wegazi, kuyasiza ekumiseni ukopha.Lona umsebenzi oyinhloko walezi zinhlayiya zegazi. Zifika endaweni yokulimala bese zihlangana ndawonye ukuze zakhe "ipulaki" elinamathelayo. Zibe sezihlangana nephrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-fibrinogen eplasma ukuze zakhe ihlule legazi, okumisa ngokuphelele ukuphuma kwegazi.
• Zikhiqizwa kuphi?: Lezi zikhiqizwa futhi emnkantsheni wethambo.
• Izinkinga: Uma inani lama-platelet egazi lehla (lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Thrombocytopenia'), ukujiya kwegazi kungabambezeleka. Khona-ke, ngisho nesilonda esincane kungaba nzima ukumisa ukopha, futhi isikhumba singaphuka kalula. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi leli nani lama-platelet egazi liyancipha ezifweni ezifana ne-dengue. Futhi, ukwanda okungavamile kwenani lama-platelet noma ukusebenza kwawo okungavamile kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwama-blood clots angadingekile ('i-Thrombosis').

Manje cishe usuyaqonda ukuthi igazi aliyona nje into ebomvu, kodwa ukuthi zingaki izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi nezimangalisayo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwalo.

Kungani igazi libomvu?

Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Njengoba sesixoxile kakade, igazi libomvu ngenxa yeprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin emaseli abomvu egazi . Le hemoglobin iqukethe insimbi. Uma i-hemoglobin ibopha umoya-mpilo (i-oxyhemoglobin), ithola umbala obomvu omnyama. Yilokhu esivame ukukubona egazini emithanjeni. Igazi emithanjeni, elinomoya-mpilo omncane (i-deoxyhemoglobin), lithola umbala obomvu onsundu kancane. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izilwane zinegazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eliluhlaza, ngoba igazi lazo linamakhemikhali ahlukene athwala umoya-mpilo. Igazi lethu libomvu ngenxa ye-hemoglobin!

Ingabe sonke sinezinhlobo ezifanayo zegazi? Ake sifunde kancane ngezinhlobo zegazi.

Cishe uke wezwa izindaba ezifana nokuthi “Uhlobo lwegazi lami lune-B ​​positive” kanye nokuthi “Ilanga lidinga igazi eli-O negative.” Lokho kusho ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ofana negazi. Kukhona into ebizwa ngokuthi ‘amaqembu egazi ’.

Lezi zinhlobo zegazi zinqunywa ngamaprotheni akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi `ama-Antigens` ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi. Izinhlelo ezimbili ezibalulekile zohlobo lwegazi yilezi:

1. Uhlelo lwe-ABO: Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezine zegazi: A, B, AB, kanye no-O.

2. Uhlelo lwe-Rh: Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbili: i-Rh positive (ine-Rh factor) kanye ne-Rh negative (ayinayo i-Rh factor).

Ngokuvamile sibiza uhlobo lwegazi ngokuhlanganisa kokubili izinhlelo ze-ABO kanye ne-Rh (isib. i-A positive, i-O negative).

Kungani lezi zinhlobo zegazi zibalulekile?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ekumpontshelweni igazi , okungukuthi, lapho unikeza umuntu igazi, udinga ukunikeza uhlobo lwegazi oluhambisanayo. Uma unikeza uhlobo lwegazi olungahambisani, ukusabela okuyingozi (`ukusabela kokudluliselwa kwegazi`) kungenzeka emzimbeni womuntu othola igazi futhi kungaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila. Yingakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unikela ngegazi noma uthola igazi, uhlobo lwegazi lwaziwa kahle futhi luhambisana.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine igazi lethu liphilile?

Ukugcina igazi liphilile, elidlala indima ebaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu, kubaluleke kakhulu. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula esingazenza ukusiza:

• Ukudla okulinganiselayo: Kufanele udle ukudla okucebile nge-iron (imifino eluhlaza, inyama ebomvu, ubhontshisi), i-folic acid, kanye ne-vitamin B12 (lokhu kubalulekile ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi). Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka imifino nezithelo ezintsha ekudleni kwakho.
• Phuza amanzi anele: Igazi liyigazi ikakhulukazi (i-plasma). Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yempilo yegazi.
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo: Ukuzivocavoca kuthuthukisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Gwema ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Le mikhuba iyingozi egazini kanye nasempilweni iyonke.
• Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha: Ukuhlolwa okuvamile okufana nokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-FBC) kungasiza ekutholeni noma yiziphi izinkinga zegazi kusenesikhathi.

Khumbula, indlela yokuphila enempilo iyisihluthulelo esingcono kakhulu sesistimu yegazi enempilo!

Isifinyezo: Izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sikhulume kakhulu ngegazi namuhla, akunjalo?

Kalula nje, igazi liyinto esekela ukuphila ethwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu, isuse imfucuza , isivikele ezifweni , futhi yenze neminye imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile.

Igazi lakhiwe ngamaseli abizwa ngokuthi `Amaseli Egazi Abomvu` , `Amaseli Egazi Amhlophe` , kanye `Ama-Platelets`, antanta oketshezini olubizwa ngokuthi `i-Plasma` . Iseli ngalinye linomsebenzi othile.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina imikhuba emihle yokudla, ukuzivocavoca, nokugwema imikhuba emibi ukuze silondoloze impilo yegazi lethu.

Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngegazi lakho, ungangabazi ukubonana nodokotela. Ukuqaphela umzimba wakho kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphila impilo enempilo.

Ngikuzwile? Ngithemba ukuthi usuyaqonda kangcono lolu ketshezi olubomvu olungavamile olugeleza emzimbeni wakho!

Igazi , i-Plasma, amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet, i-hemoglobin, amaqembu egazi