Zingaki izikhathi ngosuku esigoba futhi siqondise amadolo ethu? Cabanga ngakho... Kusukela ngesikhathi esivuka ngaso ekuseni kuze kube yilapho silala ebusuku, amadolo ethu asetshenziswa cishe kukho konke esikwenzayo. Uma sihamba, sigijima, sikhuphuka izitebhisi, sihlala phansi, sishayela imoto, sidlala ikhilikithi, noma silungiselela ukushaya ibhola... ijoyinti lethu ledolo liyasisiza kukho konke lokhu. Kodwa ingabe siyazi kahle ukuthi linjani isakhiwo salo nokuthi lisebenza kanjani? Iyini imbangela yobuhlungu bedolo obuvame ukwenzeka? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngakho konke lokhu ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, iyini le ngxenye yedolo?
I-knee joint iyi-joint exhumanisa ithanga lakho nomlenze ongezansi. Eqinisweni, iyi -joint enkulu kunazo zonke emzimbeni wethu.
Njengazo zonke ezinye izihlanganisi, idolo liyingxenye yesimiso sethu samathambo. Kodwa akuzona nje amathambo. Lihlanganisa futhi i-cartilage, imisipha, imisipha, kanye nemizwa. Zonke lezi zinto zisebenza ndawonye ukudala le ndlela emangalisayo ebizwa ngokuthi idolo.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wedolo ukusekela isisindo somzimba wethu, ukusisiza sigobe futhi sinyakazise imilenze yethu. Eqinisweni, idolo liyasiza cishe kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi owenzayo usebenzisa imilenze yakho.
Uma unesihlungu edolweni, ungasinaki. Bonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Angahlonza imbangela yobuhlungu bakho nezinye izimpawu bese ekunikeza ukwelashwa okuzokusiza ukuthi ubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile.
Ngakho ake sibheke kabanzi ukuthi leli dolo linikeza yiphi inkonzo emzimbeni wethu.
| Imisebenzi eyinhloko yedolo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhambisa imilenze | Ihlinzeka ngesisekelo sayo yonke intshukumo, njengokugoba, ukwelula, ukuhamba, ukugijima, nokugxuma. |
| Ukuthwala isisindo somzimba | Kusisiza ukusekela isisindo somzimba wethu wonke lapho sima futhi sihamba. |
| Ukugcina umzimba uzinzile | Amadolo abalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yethu nokugcina umzimba uzinzile. |
Idolo liyilungu elinjani?
Kwezokwelapha, amalunga ahlukaniswa ngokwendlela akhiwe ngayo kanye nomsebenzi wawo.
Idolo liyi -synovial joint . Lolu hlobo lwe-joint lunenkululeko enkulu yokunyakaza. Lwakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi ithambo elilodwa lingene kwelinye ithambo kusokhethi. Iziphetho zala mathambo zimbozwe uhlobo lwe-cartilage olushelelayo nolubushelelezi olubizwa ngokuthi i-hyaline cartilage . Futhi, kukhona uketshezi olugcobayo olubizwa ngokuthi i-synovial fluid olugcwalisa igebe phakathi kwamathambo amabili. Lolu ketshezi luqukethwe engxenyeni efana nesikhwama (i-synovial membrane). Lo mqamelo owengeziwe yiwona ovumela amalunga afana nedolo ukuthi ahambe kahle ngaphandle kokungqubuzana.
Ngokuphathelene nokunyakaza, idolo liyi -hinge joint . Cabanga ngakho njenge-hinge yomnyango. I-hinge yomnyango ingavuleka futhi ivaleke ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, akunjalo? Ngendlela efanayo, idolo lingagoba futhi lelule ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela (phambili nangemuva).
Idolo lenziwe ngani?
Lesi sakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esibizwa ngokuthi i-knee joint sakhiwe izingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko:
- Amathambo
- Uqwanga
- Ama-Ligaments
- Imisipha
- Imizwa
Ake sibheke lezi ngazinye kalula.
### Amathambo
Amathambo amathathu amakhulu ayahlangana ukuze akhe idolo.
| Igama lethambo | Indawo |
|---|---|
| I-Femur | Ithambo elisethangeni (umlenze ongaphezulu). |
| Ithambo eliyinhloko lomlenze ongezansi (i-Tibia) | Ithambo elinonile, elithwala isisindo emlenzeni ongezansi. |
| I-Kneecap (i-Patella) | Ithambo elincane, elingunxantathu phambi kwedolo. |
Izindawo lapho la mathambo ahlangana khona zibizwa ngokuthi izindawo ezihlangene. Kunezihlanganisi ezimbili ezinjalo edolweni. Elinye liphakathi kwe-kneecap nethambo lethanga (i-patellofemoral articulation), kanti elinye liphakathi kwethambo lethanga nethambo le-shin (i-tibiofemoral articulation).
### Ubuhlungu be-cartilage
I-cartilage iyisicubu esiqinile nesiguquguqukayo esisebenza njengesivikeli sokushaqeka futhi sivikele amalunga ethu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-cartilage edolweni.
1. I-Hyaline cartilage: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-cartilage emzimbeni wethu. Abanye odokotela balubiza nangokuthi i-articular cartilage. Lubushelelezi kakhulu futhi luyashelela. Lufana nethayela elimanzi elicwebezelisiwe kahle. Yingakho amathambo amabili ehamba kahle futhi ngaphandle kobuhlungu. Izindawo lapho ithambo lethanga, ithambo lomlenze, kanye ne-kneecap zithintana khona zimbozwe yi-cartilage.
2. I-Fibrocartilage: Njengoba igama lisho, lena i-cartilage eqinile eyenziwe ngemicu ejiyile. Inamandla kakhulu. Ingamunca ukushaqeka nokudlidliza. I-meniscus edolweni yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili ezakhiwe yile fibrocartilage. Ifana nezingcezu ezimbili. Lezi zitholakala phakathi kwethambo lethanga nethambo lesifuba futhi zisebenza njengomcamelo. Le meniscus imunca ukushaqeka lapho sigijima futhi sigxuma.
Kalula nje, nakuba i-hyaline cartilage isiza ilunga ukuthi lihambe kahle, i-meniscus iyamunca ukushaqeka futhi ivikele ilunga.
### AmaLigamenti
Ama-ligament afana nama-rubber bands aqinile. Asetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa amathambo ndawonye nokugcina ilunga lizinzile. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-ligament amadolo.
| Uhlobo lwebhandeji | I-Bandhani kanye nomsebenzi wayo |
|---|---|
| Ama-Ligament Ahlanganisiwe | Lokhu kufana nezintambo ezimbili ohlangothini ngalunye lwedolo.
|
| Ama-Cruciate Ligaments | Lezi zitholakala ngaphakathi kwedolo. Zithola igama lazo ngoba zihlelwe ngendlela ephambene ngesimo sohlamvu lwesiNgisi 'X'. Zilawula ukunyakaza kwedolo phambili nangemuva. |
Uma ukhuluma ngokulimala kwamadolo kubadlali, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngokudabuka kwe-ACL kanye nokudabuka kwe-MCL. Yilokho esikushoyo ngokulimala kwalezi zinhlayiya.
### Imisipha
Imisipha iyizicubu ezithambile ezakhiwe ngemicu enwebekayo. Ziyafinyela (ziyagobeka) ukuze zinyakazise izingxenye zomzimba wethu. Imisipha emlenzeni isiza kakhulu ekulawuleni ukunyakaza kwedolo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemisipha.
- Ama-Flexor: Lawa asiza ekugobeni idolo. Izibonelo zalokhu yimisipha engaphambili kwethanga (ama-Quadriceps).
- Ama-Extensor (imisipha ye-extensor): Lawa asiza ekuqondiseni idolo eligobile. Isibonelo salokhu ama-hamstrings, okuyimisipha engemuva kwethanga.
### Imizwa
Imizwa ifana nezintambo zikagesi. Ithwala imiyalezo esuka ebuchosheni iye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, futhi ithwala nemizwa (ukushisa, ukubanda, ubuhlungu) evela ezingxenyeni zomzimba iye ebuchosheni. Imizwa emikhulu, njengenzwa ye-femoral kanye nenzwa ye-sciatic, ihamba edolweni. Lezi zilawula ukunyakaza kanye nomuzwa wemisipha ezungeze idolo.
Yiziphi izinkinga nezimo ezivame kakhulu ezithinta idolo?
Noma yini elimaza amathambo ethu noma izicubu ezixhumeneyo ingathinta amadolo. Nazi ezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezithinta amadolo.
| Uhlobo lwenkinga | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Izimo zezokwelapha ezivamile | |
| Isifo samathambo | I-osteoarthritis, isifo samalunga esibangelwa ukuguguleka kwe-cartilage njengoba sikhula, sivame ukuthinta amadolo. |
| I-Bursitis | Ukuvuvukala kwezikhwama ezigcwele uketshezi (bursa) ezizungeze ilunga. |
| I-Tendinitis | Ukuvuvukala kwezicubu (ama-tendon) axhumanisa imisipha namathambo. |
| Ukulimala okubangelwa ezemidlalo nezingozi | |
| Izinyembezi ze-Ligament | Ukudabuka kwe-ACL kanye ne-MCL ligament kuvame kakhulu. |
| Izinyembezi ze-Meniscus | Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthile okufana nokujikijela idolo ngokuzumayo. |
| Ukuphuka Kwamathambo | Amathambo asedolweni angaphuka. |
| Ukuhlukaniswa | Ukuhlukana kwe-patellar kuvame ukwenzeka. |
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zenkinga yamadolo?
Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngesimo esithinta idolo lakho. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga eziningi zedolo zinezimpawu ezivamile:
- Ubuhlungu: Ubuhlungu buyenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma ushukumisa idolo noma ulibeka isisindo.
- Ukuvuvukala: Ukuvuvukala edolweni.
- Ukushintsha kombala:Ububomvu noma ubuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bedolo.
- Ukuzizwa ufudumele: Uma uthinta idolo lakho, lizwakala lifudumele kunezinye izindawo.
- Umuzwa wokujika: Umuzwa wokuthile okujikayo noma okucinana ngaphakathi edolweni.
- Ukuqhumisa: Umsindo wokuqhumisa noma umuzwa edolweni (ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukulimala).
- Ukuqina kwedolo: Ukungakwazi ukugoba noma ukuqondisa idolo.
- Ukulahlekelwa amandla edolweni: Ukungakwazi ukufaka isisindo edolweni kanye nomuzwa wokuthi umlenze uyaphela amandla.
Uzigcina kanjani amadolo akho ephilile?
Amadolo ethu ayimpahla eyigugu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kungumsebenzi wethu ukuwanakekela kahle. Ungenza lezi zinto ezilula ukuze ugcine amadolo akho ephilile.
- Landela indlela yokuphila enempilo: Landela ukudla okulinganiselayo kanye nohlelo lokuzivocavoca olukufanele. Ukulawula isisindo somzimba wakho kubaluleke kakhulu emadolweni akho. Ngoba isisindo esiningi sibeka ingcindezi engadingekile emadolweni akho.
- Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha: Thola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha. Ngisho noma uzwa ubuhlungu obuncane noma ushintsho edolweni lakho, ungakushayi indiva bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Gqoka imishini yokuzivikela: Uma udlala umdlalo noma wenza umsebenzi oyingozi emadolweni akho, gqoka imishini yokuzivikela efanele (isib. izivikelo zamadolo) ngendlela efanele.
- Gqoka izicathulo ezifanele: Gqoka izicathulo ezifanelana kahle nezinyawo zakho futhi ezinikeza ukwesekwa okuhle.
- Fudumeza ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca: Yenza izivivinyo zokufudumeza nokwelula umzimba ngaphambi kokwenza noma yimuphi ukuzivocavoca noma ezemidlalo.
Idolo liyilungu elikhulu kunawo wonke emzimbeni wethu. Futhi lithwala umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu. Njengoba idolo lisetshenziswa cishe kukho konke esikwenzayo, amathuba okulimala aphezulu. Ukulimala okuncane ngezikhathi ezithile kungaba okuvamile. Kodwa ungalokothi uzishaye indiva izimpawu zedolo. Ngisho noma uzizwa ushintsho oluncane, bona udokotela bese uthola iseluleko. Khona-ke ungagcina amadolo akho ephilile, eqinile, futhi esebenza kahle.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Idolo liyilungu elikhulu neliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Lakhiwe ngamathambo, i-cartilage, imisipha kanye nemisipha.
- Idolo libalulekile ekusekeleni isisindo somzimba wethu, ukuhamba, ukugijima, kanye nokugcina ibhalansi.
- Ungalokothi ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bedolo, ukuvuvukala, ukuqina, noma umsindo wokuchofoza.
- Ukulawula isisindo somzimba kanye nokuzivocavoca kahle kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yamadolo.
- Uma unezinkinga zamadolo, ungacabangi.Bonana nodokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha bese ucela iseluleko nokwelashwa okufanele.
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