Singakhuluma ngalolu hlobo olukhethekile lwesifo sikashukela olukhula kubantu abadala (i-Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults - LADA)?

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo oluhlukile kancane lwesifo sikashukela. Kungenzeka ukuthi awuzange uzwe okuningi ngaso. Sibizwa ngokuthi i-LADA, okusho ukuthi i-Latent Autoimmune Diabetes kubantu abadala. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa ake sikuhlukanise kube incazelo elula yalokho okwenzekayo.

Iyini ngempela i-LADA?

Kalula nje, kulesi sifo sikashukela esibizwa ngokuthi i-LADA, izimpawu zohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela (`uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela`) kanye nezimpawu zohlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela (`uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela`) zingabonakala. Yingakho abanye abantu besibiza nangokuthi 'uhlobo 1.5 lwesifo sikashukela` . Ukuze kube sobala, odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa nayiphutha ohlelweni lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'isimo sokuzivikela komzimba'). Kodwa-ke, sitholakala kakhulu lapho umuntu esekhulile, okungukuthi, phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 no-50. Okunye okukhethekile ukuthi, njengesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2`, siphinde sikhule kancane kancane ezimpawini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sivame ukuhlonzwa kabi ngokuthi 'uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela`.

Ivame kangakanani i-LADA?

Nakuba abantu abaningi bengakaze bezwe nge-LADA, empeleni akuyona into engavamile kangako. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi phakathi kuka-4% no-12% wabantu abatholakale benesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ekuqaleni bangase babe ne-LADA. Cabanga nje, abantu abadala abangaba yizigidi ezingu-530 emhlabeni wonke bahlushwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Lokho kusho ukuthi izigidi zabantu zingase zibe ne-LADA! Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-LADA?

Izimpawu ze-LADA zifana kakhulu nezezinye izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela. Bona ukuthi lezi zizwakala zijwayelekile yini kuwe:

• Ukuzizwa womile njalo (i-polydipsia).
• Isidingo sokuchama njalo.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo okungenakucatshangwa.
• Umbono ofiphele .
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi (ukukhathala).
• Isikhumba esomile nesilumayo .

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Yini ebangela i-LADA?

Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-LADA yenzeka ngoba ama-antibodies omzimba wethu ahlasela futhi abhubhise amaseli akhiqiza i-insulini kuma-pancreas ethu ngephutha. Njengoba wazi, i-insulini iyi-hormone esiza amaseli ethu ukuthi athathe ushukela (i-glucose) egazini lethu futhi ayisebenzisele amandla. Ngakho-ke, uma i-insulini ingakhiqizwa kahle, ushukela (i-glucose) uyanqwabelana egazini. Ngale ndlela, kufana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kumele bathathe imijovo ye-insulini ukuze basinde. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 sivame ukutholakala ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni.

Kodwa-ke, njengesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, i-LADA itholakala lapho umuntu esemdala, futhi izimpawu zivela kancane kancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-pancreas yakho inciphisa kancane kancane ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwe-insulin. Ngakho izimpawu zingase zingaveli ngokushesha. Ungase ungadingi imijovo ye-insulin izinyanga noma iminyaka . Yingakho abanye odokotela ekuqaleni besola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, hhayi i-LADA.

Ingabe kukhona izinto ezikhethekile ezibangela i-LADA?

Azikho 'izimbangela' ezithile ze-LADA. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuyinto engaphandle kwamandla akho, ebangelwa amasosha omzimba wakho. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ungazi nokuthi une-LADA. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-pancreas yakho isakhiqiza i-insulin eyanele ukuze ingabangela izimpawu.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi ye-LADA?

I-LADA inesici esiqinile sezakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma abazali bakho noma ogogo nomkhulu bakho benalesi simo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube naso. Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi izici zemvelo kanye nezici zendlela yokuphila, njengokukhuluphala ngokweqile, zingase zibe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-LADA. Kodwa-ke, lezi akuzona zodwa izimbangela.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-LADA

Inkinga enkulu ivela ekungelapheni lesi sifo ngendlela efanele. Ngenxa yokuthi kubukeka njengesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ungase ungaqali ukwelashwa nge-insulin ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yezinkinga zempilo njengokulimala kwezinso .

I-ketoacidosis ehlobene nesifo sikashukela (i-DKA) iyinkinga enkulu kakhulu, engase isongela impilo ye-LADA. Kwenzeka lapho isibindi sakho siqala ukuphula amafutha omzimba ukuze sithole amandla lapho amangqamuzana akho engenawo ushukela owanele (ushukela wegazi) ongawusebenzisa ukuze uthole amandla. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

I-LADA itholakala kanjani?

I-LADA ivame ukuthinta abantu abadala abatholwe benesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, uma ungakwazi ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ngemithi yomlomo (njenge-metformin) kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila (njengokudla ukudla okunomsoco), odokotela bangase basole isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.5 (esaziwa nangokuthi i-LADA).

Udokotela wakho angaxilonga i-LADA ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi i-GAD Antibodies Test (`GAD Antibodies Test` - `glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies`) . Lokhu kuhlola ukuba khona kwe-`autoantibodies` ehlasela i-glutamic acid decarboxylase (`GAD`). Uma unala ma-autoantibodies egazini lakho, kusho ukuthi unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba esithinta ama-pancreas akho. Uma usumdala, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi yi-LADA.

Udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa kwe-C-peptide.Ungase futhi unikezwe ukuhlolwa. Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-C-peptide egazini lakho. I-C-peptide ingatshela udokotela wakho ukuthi ingakanani i-insulin ekhiqizwa yi-pancreas yakho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-LADA?

Ukwelapha i-LADA kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ungase uphendule imithi yesifo sikashukela somlomo. Ingasiza ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini lakho okwesikhashana. Kodwa njengoba isimo siba sibi kakhulu, impendulo yomzimba wakho kuleyo mithi iyancipha. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ushintshele ekujovweni kwe-insulin ukuze ulawule ushukela wegazi lakho. Ngoba i-pancreas yakho ilahlekelwa ngokuphelele ikhono layo lokukhiqiza i-insulin ngokwayo. Lokhu kungenzeka esikhathini sezinyanga noma iminyaka.

Akukho ukwelashwa okuvunyelwene ngakho kwe-LADA. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukuqala ukwelashwa nge-insulin ngokushesha. Abanye bangase balinde isikhashana ngaphambi kokuqala imijovo ye-insulin. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okukulungele.

Ngenxa yokuthi umthamo kanye nenani le-insulin oyidingayo kungashintsha, udinga ukuqhubeka nokuqapha amazinga kashukela egazini lakho.

Yini umuntu one-LADA angayilindela?

Akukho ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.5. Kodwa udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha ezizokusiza ukuthi usilawule. Uma usuqalile ukuthatha i-insulin, uzokwazi ukulawula kangcono amazinga kashukela egazini lakho. Ngokuphathwa okufanele, ungaphila impilo evamile.

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila komuntu one-LADA?

Isikhathi sakho sokuphila sincike ezintweni eziningana. Ukuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.5 akusho ukuthi isikhathi sakho sokuphila sifushane. Kodwa uma une-LADA futhi ungakwazi ukulawula amazinga akho kashukela, usengozini yezinkinga zempilo ezinganciphisa isikhathi sakho sokuphila. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi amazinga kashukela aphezulu isikhathi eside angaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nesifo senhliziyo . Lokhu kungathinta isikhathi sakho sokuphila. Yingakho ukulawula ushukela egazini kubaluleke kangaka.

Ingabe i-LADA ingavinjelwa?

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela isifo sikashukela se-LADA. Ngenxa yokuthi awukwazi ukulawula noma ukuvimbela isimo sokuzivikela komzimba esisibangelayo , ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela izinkinga ezivela kulesi simo.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani uma ngine-LADA?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzinakekela ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho. Isifo sikashukela se-LADA sivame ukuhlonzwa kabi. Kungaba yinto ecasulayo uma ucabanga ukuthi wenza konke kahle, kodwa amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kusenzima ukuwalawula. Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-LADA, landela uhlelo lokwelashwa udokotela wakho akunikeza lona ngqo.Qiniseka ukuthi ugcina zonke izikhathi zakho zokulandelela. Kulezi zikhathi zokulinda, udokotela wakho angahlola ama-pancreas akho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Bangalungisa nenani le-insulin oyidingayo.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zesifo sikashukela, njengokoma ngokweqile kanye nokuchama njalo, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ungakhohlwa ukwabelana nodokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wezempilo ophelele.

Ikakhulukazi, uma utholakale unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 futhi izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki ngemva kokwelashwa, cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akuhlolele isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.5 (LADA).

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.5, noma i-LADA, yisimo esivame ukuhlonzwa kabi. Sinezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zivame ukukhomba kuhlobo 2. Ngakho-ke kungaba yinto ekhungathekisayo futhi edidayo ukwazi ukuthi unalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Ungase uqale ukuthatha imithi yomlomo, kodwa amazinga kashukela egazini lakho asephezulu. Noma ukwelashwa kwakho kungasebenza isikhashana, bese uyeka ukusebenza. Odokotela bakho bazokusiza ukuthola indlela engcono kakhulu yokulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho nokugcina impilo yakho iyonke. Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa.

Yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu esingazithatha ekhaya kulesi sihloko?

I-LADA uhlobo olukhethekile lwesifo sikashukela oluvela kubantu abadala futhi olunezimpawu zesifo sikashukela 'sohlobo 1' kanye 'nohlobo 2'. Ngezinye izikhathi singahlonzwa kabi 'njengohlobo 2'.

• Izimpawu zifaka ukoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, ukwehla kwesisindo kanye nokukhathala.
• Lokhu kubangelwa yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba, futhi kungase kube nesakhi sofuzo.
• Uma kungahlolwanga kahle futhi kwelashwa ngokushesha, izinkinga ezifana nokulimala kwezinso kanye ne-DKA zingavela.
• Lokhu kutholakala ngokuqinisekisiwe ngokuhlolwa kwama-antibodies e-GAD.
• Nakuba imithi yomlomo inikezwa okokuqala njengokwelashwa, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi imijovo ye-insulin iyaba yinto edingekayo.
• Uma utholakale unesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili futhi ukwelashwa kwakho kungasilawuli, khuluma nodokotela wakho nge-LADA. Ungalokothi uyeke noma ushintshe ukwelashwa kwakho wedwa. Landela njalo imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.

I- LADA, isifo sikashukela, isifo sikashukela somuntu omdala, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.5, isifo sikashukela sokuzivikela komzimba, i-insulin, ushukela wegazi