Uyazi ngale 'pokhethi' encane enhliziyweni yakho? – I-Left Atrial Appendage

Sonke siyazi ukuthi inhliziyo yethu iyisitho esimangalisayo. Kodwa asikhulumi kakhulu ngezinye zezingxenye ezincane zale nhliziyo, akunjalo? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye encane okungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uyizwe kakhulu, kodwa ingaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Leyo "i-Left Atrial Appendage" noma ngesiNgisi `(Left Atrial Appendage)`, noma sizoyibiza ngokuthi `(LAA)` ngamafuphi. Ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuyinto elula kakhulu ukuyiqonda.

Iyini le Left Atrial Appendage?

Kalula nje, i-LAA iyisikhwama esincane, esinemisipha esixhumanisa igumbi eliphezulu kwesobunxele lenhliziyo yakho, i-atrium kwesobunxele. Cabanga ngaso njengesikhwama esincane ehembeni lakho.

I-LAA ivame ukuxoxwa ngayo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimo ezithile zenhliziyo, njenge-Atrial Fibrillation (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-Afib), lapho odokotela bencoma ukuvala, ukususa, noma ukuvimba i-LAA ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi lamahlule egazi akha enhliziyweni yabantu abane-Afib akha kulesi sikhwama esincane esibizwa ngokuthi i-LAA.

Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu lapha ukuthi awunaso isizathu sokwesaba . Ngoba lokhu `(LAA)` akubalulekile ukuze inhliziyo yakho yenze imisebenzi yayo yansuku zonke ngendlela efanele. Inhliziyo ingasebenza kahle ngaphandle kwayo.

Kwenzekani ku-left atrial appendage (LAA)? Uyini umsebenzi wayo?

Le LAA encane nayo inomsebenzi wayo oyingqayizivele. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukusiza ekulawuleni inani legazi ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo, noma umthamo wegazi. Wazi kanjani ?

Uma inani legazi elingena enhliziyweni yakho landa, kanye nezindonga zalokhu kunwebeka kwe-`(LAA)`, kukhipha uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheyini olubizwa ngokuthi `(Natriuretic Peptides)` egazini. Cabanga ngakho njengohlelo lokubonisana oluncane emzimbeni wethu. Lawa makhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi `(Natriuretic Peptides)`, lapho inani legazi landa, aya ezinso bese ethi, "Kulungile, manje umzimba unosawoti namanzi amaningi kakhulu, ake siwakhiphe kanye nomchamo." Futhi, lokhu kukhulula imithambo yegazi kancane, njengokukhulula ipayipi eliqinile kancane. Khona-ke igazi lingageleza kalula, futhi umfutho wegazi nawo wehla.

Manje ungase uzibuze, kuzokwenzekani emazingeni alawa `(LAA)` uma singawasusa ngokuhlinzwa noma siwavimbe? Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokwenza into efana naleyo, lawa mazinga `(Peptide)` angase abe angajwayelekile cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Kodwa-ke abuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

Enye into ukuthi uma izinga le-`(Natriuretic Peptides)` egazini likhuphuka kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwesimo esifana ne-`(Heart Failure)` (hhayi isifo senhliziyo, kodwa ubuthakathaka bokusebenza kwenhliziyo). Ngoba umzimba uzama ukukhipha uketshezi olungeziwe, ngoba inhliziyo inenkinga yokuphatha igazi elingeziwe.

Ikuphi le `(LAA)`? Ibukeka kanjani?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi le `(LAA)` itholakala kuphi ngempela enhliziyweni. Itholakala endaweni encane efana nomsele phakathi kwe-atrium yangakwesobunxele (igumbi eliphezulu ngakwesobunxele) kanye ne-ventricle yangakwesobunxele (igumbi elingezansi ngakwesobunxele) yenhliziyo yakho. Isikhathi esiningi, itholakala ngaphezu kwe-ventricle yangakwesobunxele noma ngaphezulu kwe-`(Main Pulmonary Artery)`, umsele oyinhloko othwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini. Futhi, njengayo yonke inhliziyo, le `(LAA)` itholakala ngaphakathi kwe-`(Pericardium)`, isembozo esifana nesikhwama esivikelayo esizungeze inhliziyo.

Ngokuphathelene nezingxenye, i-LAA yakhiwe umgodi lapho igazi ligeleza khona, kanye nesikhwama esenziwe ngemisipha engancipha. Igazi ligeleza lingena liphume ngalo mgodi.

Ngokuphathelene nobukhulu, i-LAA ivame ukuba ngamamilimitha angu-46 ubude (ngaphansi kancane kwamasentimitha angu-2). Kodwa abanye abantu bangaba ngamamilimitha angu-27 kuya kwangu-60 ubude. Cabanga ngayo njengohlangothi oluncane lwekhadi lakho lesikweletu. Lesi sikhwama esincane singaphatha cishe amamilimitha angu-9 (cishe amathisipuni amabili) egazi. Umlomo, noma ukuvulwa, kwe-LAA kuvame ukuba yi-oval. Kodwa abanye abantu bangaba yindilinga noma babe nezinye izimo.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-`(LAA)`? Ingabe zinawo umphumela?

Yebo, ngokumangazayo, akuwona wonke umuntu `(LAA)` onesimo esifanayo. Njengeminwe yethu, inezimo ezihlukile. Ngokuvamile, `(LAA)` inezingxenye ezimbili noma ezintathu ezincane, ezibizwa ngokuthi `(lobes)`. Kodwa abanye abantu bangase babe ne-lobe eyodwa kuphela, kanti abanye bangase babe nezine noma ngaphezulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko eziqashelwayo:

• Isimo sephiko lenkukhu: Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu. Kukhona ukugoba okuncane phakathi kwengxenye eyinhloko. Abantu abanalesi simo kuthiwa banengozi ephansi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi .
• Isimo se-cactus: Lesi sine-petal eyinhloko ephakathi, kanti amanye ama-petal abonakala ephuma kuso.
• Isimo sesokisi yefasitela: Lesi sine-lobe eyodwa ende, eyinhloko.
• Isimo sekholifulawa: Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kubonakala sengathi amacembe amaningana anobukhulu obufanayo ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu, futhi sibhekwa njengesona esinobungozi obukhulu bokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi .

Manje usuyaqonda, akunjalo? Ukuma kwale `(LAA)` encane kungathinta nempilo yethu ngezinga elithile.

Yiziphi izifo nezinkinga ezivamile ezithinta i-(LAA)?

Lokhu `(LAA)` ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo:

• Ukulimala okubangelwa izingozi:Uma unengozi yemoto noma okunye ukulimala okukhulu, le LAA ingalimala noma idabuke.
• I-Mitral Valve Stenosis: Uma i-mitral valve enhliziyweni iba mncane, ukugeleza kwegazi eliphuma e-atrium yangakwesobunxele kuba kancane. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugeleza kwegazi nge-LAA nakho kungase kwehle.
• I-Atrial Fibrillation (Afib): Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lesi simo sandisa ingozi yokwakheka kwamahlule egazi ku-LAA. Uma la mahlule ephuma, ahamba egazini, futhi ahlale emthanjeni osebuchosheni, angabangela isifo sohlangothi. Lena ingozi enkulu ehlotshaniswa ne-LAA.

Ungahlola kanjani isimo sempilo `(LAA)`?

Odokotela banezindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola ukuze bahlole isimo se-LAA. Eziyinhloko amasu okuthwebula izithombe.

• I-Transesophageal Echo (TEE): Lokhu futhi kuyi-echocardiogram, kodwa kulokhu, kufakwa idivayisi encane efana nekhamera phansi emphinjeni bese inhliziyo ibukwa ngemuva. I-LAA ingabonakala kahle kakhulu.
• I-Ultrasound nge-catheter: Ngezinye izikhathi, i-LAA ihlolwa ngokuthumela amaza e-ultrasound ngepayipi elincane (i-catheter) elifakwa emzimbeni.
• I-Heart MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ukuhlolwa okusebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe namagagasi omsakazo ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane zenhliziyo.
• I-Cardiac CT scan (Cardiac CT - Computed Tomography): Lokhu kusebenzisa ama-X-ray ukuthola izithombe zenhliziyo ezihlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukene.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kungaveza izinto eziningi, njengosayizi nesimo se-LAA, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini amahlule egazi ngaphakathi kuyo noma cha.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izinkinga ezihlobene ne-`(LAA)`?

Uma kunenkinga nge-LAA, kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezingenziwa. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa okuthile, noma kungaba izinqubo ezingangenisi kakhulu.

• Uma `(LAA)` ilimele, ingalungiswa .
• I-Mitral Valve Stenosis ingelashwa .
• I-LAA ingavalwa, isuswe, noma ivalwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi . Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-Afib abasengozini enkulu yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi. Kusetshenziswa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene kulokhu.

Ngingayigcina kanjani i-`(LAA)` yami (okungukuthi, yonke inhliziyo yami) iphilile?

Empeleni, akukho okukhethekile ongakwenzela i-`(LAA)` yodwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ugcina inhliziyo yakho yonke iphilile, i-`(LAA)` nayo izohlala iphilile. Ngakho-ke, nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze ugcine inhliziyo yakho iphilile:

• Zivocavoce ngokomzimba okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto.Lokho kusho ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili cishe imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Faka imifino, izithelo, ubhontshisi, ukudla okucebile nge-fiber, kanye nenyama engenamafutha nenhlanzi ekudleni kwakho. Nciphisa ukudla kwakho okumnandi, usawoti, nokudla okunamafutha ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Yeka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi (ugwayi, ama-beedis, njll.) ngokuphelele.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Izinto ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, kanye nokuzibandakanya ezintweni zokuzilibazisa kungasiza.
• Uma unezinkinga zezokwelapha ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo sikashukela, zilawule kahle. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho kahle.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Abantu abaningi kungenzeka ukuthi abakaze bezwe ngegama elithi `(Left Atrial Appendage)`. Kodwa manje usuyazi ukuthi linomsebenzi omncane ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, uma usengozini yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi ngenxa yalesi `(LAA)`, khumbula ukuthi ungaphila impilo enempilo ngisho noma ungenaso .

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane futhi ukhathazekile lapho kwenziwa okuthile enhliziyweni, njengokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, kumuntu one-`(Afib)`, ukuvimba lokhu `(LAA)` kungase kumvumele ukuthi akhululeke esidingweni sokuphila konke semithi yokunciphisa igazi ukuze avimbele isifo sohlangothi.

Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngokuthi yini engcono kakhulu ngesimo sakho nokuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu. Bazokuchazela konke. Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo. Nguwe owenza izinqumo ngempilo yakho, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi konke.

Inhliziyo , I-Atrial Appendage Yesobunxele, I-Atrial Appendage Yesobunxele, I-LAA, I-Stroke, I-Atrial Fibrillation, I-Afib, Amahlule Egazi, Impilo Yenhliziyo, Isifo Senhliziyo