Ingabe wena noma othile omaziyo utshelwe udokotela ukuthi unomdlavuza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi "leukapheresis" lapho ukhuluma ngezindlela zokwelapha. Leli gama lingase lesabe kancane. Kodwa liyini ngempela leli gama lokwelapha? Lisebenzani? Ingabe kuyinto okufanele uyesabe? Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngakho konke lokhu ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.
Kuyini i-Leukapheresis?
Kalula nje, i-leukapheresis inqubo ekhethekile esusa ngokukhetha amaseli amhlophe egazi egazini lakho. Cabanga ngayo njengesihlanzi segazi. Nakhu okwenzekayo phakathi nale nqubo:
1. Kukhishwa igazi elithile emzimbeni wakho.
2. Igazi lithunyelwa emshinini okhethekile, lapho kuhlukaniswa khona amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kuphela.
3. Izingxenye ezisele zegazi, okungukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ama-platelet, kanye ne-plasma, zibuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lokhu akulona ikhambi lezifo ezifana nomdlavuza wegazi. Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa lokhu kwelashwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha (isibonelo, i-chemotherapy).
Kukuziphi izimo lapho lokhu kwelashwa kudingeka khona?
Odokotela bangase batuse lokhu kwelashwa ngezizathu eziningana. Ake sibheke ukuthi kuyini.
| Uma kudingeka ukwelashwa | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Kwezinhlobo ezithile ze-leukemia | Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziswa uma unesifo esifana ne-acute myeloid leukemia (AML), i-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), noma i-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), futhi inani lamaseli akho amhlophe egazi liphezulu kakhulu. Uma kunamaseli amhlophe egazi amaningi kakhulu, imithambo yegazi ingavaleka, okubeka inhliziyo yakho engozini. |
| Ukuqoqa amaseli ukuze athole ezinye izindlela zokwelapha | Ukwelashwa kwesimanje njengokwelashwa ngamaseli e-CAR T kudinga amaseli amhlophe egazi anempilo. Le ndlela isebenzisa amaseli akho ukuthola lawo maseli. |
| Ukufakelwa amaseli okuqala | Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuqoqa amaseli okuqala aphilile kuwe ngaphambi kokufakelwa iseli le-stem/umnkantsha wamathambo ngenxa yomdlavuza othile, njenge-lymphoma noma i-multiple myeloma. |
| Njengomnikeli wamaseli e-stem | Uma ungumnikeli wamaseli e-stem komunye umuntu, lawa maseli nawo atholakala emzimbeni wakho ngale ndlela efanayo. |
Wenzani ngaphambi kokwelashwa?
Ngaphambi kokuqala lokhu kwelashwa, udokotela uzokwenza izivivinyo ezimbalwa ukuze athole ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kujwayelekile, ngakho ungakhathazeki.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola amazinga eseli lakho elimhlophe legazi, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, kanye nama-platelet.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-electrolyte: Hlola izinga likasawoti emzimbeni.
- Ukusebenza kwezinso nesibindi: Kuhlola ukuthi lezi zitho zisebenza kahle yini.
- Ukuhlolwa kokujiya kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlola ikhono legazi lokujiya.
Njengoba lokhu kwelashwa kuzothatha cishe amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu, ungase uthande ukugqoka izingubo ezikhululekile. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukuletha incwadi ozoyifunda noma okuthile ongakubukela efonini yakho ukuze uhlale umatasa.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
Lokhu kwelashwa kwenziwa ngenkathi ulele embhedeni okhululekile. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazofaka imigqa emibili ye-IV (ama-cannula) ezingalweni zakho. Omunye uzokhipha igazi emzimbeni wakho, kanti omunye uzobuyisela igazi elihlanziwe emzimbeni wakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, ipayipi elikhulu (umugqa ophakathi) elinemigqa yomibili lingabekwa eduze kwentamo yakho noma ngaphansi kwengalo yakho.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ungase uzwe ukuqaqamba okuncane ezandleni zakho, ezinyaweni, nasemlonyeni wakho . Ungakhathazeki ngalokhu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga le-calcium egazini lakho liphansi kancane. Tshela udokotela noma umhlengikazi ngokushesha nje lapho uzwa lokhu. Bazokunikeza i-calcium nge-saline yakho futhi lokhu kuzolungisa isimo ngokushesha.
Ake sifunde nangemiphumela emibi engenzeka ngemva kokwelashwa.
Ngisho noma ukwelashwa sekuphelile, odokotela bazokuqapha isikhashana ukuze babone ukuthi kwenzekani. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungadingeka ukuthi ufakwe igazi ukuze kuthathelwe indawo amaseli abomvu egazi noma ama-platelet alahlekile.
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, imiphumela emibi emincane ingaba khona. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela emibi emibi ayivamile kakhulu. Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho njengoba udokotela ezoqapha yonke inqubo eduze.
Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa:
- I-Hypocalcemia: Leli izinga eliphansi le-calcium egazini. Lokhu kwelashwa kalula nge-IV calcium.
- I-anemia: Ukwehla kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi. Lokhu kungelashwa nangokumpontshelwa igazi uma kudingeka.
- I-Thrombocytopenia: Ukwehla kwama-platelet, okusiza ukujiya kwegazi. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukuthi ukopha kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuyeka, ngisho noma kubangelwa ukulimala okuncane.
Ngosuku lokwelashwa, kungcono ukuya ekhaya uphumule isikhashana. Ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho evamile ngosuku olulandelayo.
Kufanele ngimshayele nini udokotela?
Njengoba uthatha lolu hlobo lokwelashwa, udokotela wakho uzohlala eqapha impilo yakho, njengoba nawe uzokwenza. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Umkhuhlane: Uma izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho lingaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-38 (100.4 Fahrenheit), lokhu kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka.
- Izinguquko endaweni yomugqa we-IV: Uma unomugqa ophakathi, indawo ibomvu, ivuvukile, ibuhlungu, noma inoketshezi oluphuma kuyo.
- Ukuwohloka kwezimpawu: Uma izimpawu zakho zakudala zibonakala ziba zimbi kakhulu noma uma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Leukapheresis inqubo esusa amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi angajwayelekile noma amaningi ngokweqile egazini.
- Nakuba lokhu kungeyona ikhambi eliphelele lezifo ezifana ne-leukemia, kuyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ukulawula ngokushesha izimpawu nokusekela ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
- Le nqubo iqoqa namaseli okuqala bese iwasebenzisela ukwelashwa okufana nokufakelwa umnkantsha.
- Ukwelashwa kuthatha amahora ambalwa futhi ngokuvamile kuphephile. Imiphumela emibi, njengamazinga aphansi e-calcium, ingenzeka, kodwa iyalawuleka ngaleso sikhathi.
- Uma ubona umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu endaweni yomugqa we-IV, noma izimpawu eziya ziba zimbi ngemva kokwelashwa, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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