Ingabe ngokuzumayo uke waba nama-blister amancane, alumayo, asicaba, anombala onsomi, acwebezelayo emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi ezihlakaleni zakho, ezindololwaneni nasemilenzeni? Noma ingabe kukhona imigqa emhlophe, efana ne-mesh ngaphakathi komlomo wakho nasemaceleni ezihlathini zakho? Mhlawumbe uqaphele ushintsho ezinzipho zakho? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile kancane uma ubona lezi zinto. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesimo sesikhumba esithinta abantu abaningi, kodwa esingeyona ingozi kangako, esibizwa ngokuthi i-lichen planus.

Kalula nje, iyini i-Lichen Planus?

I-Lichen planus yisimo sesikhumba esibangela ukuthi kuvele amaqhubu amancane, aphakanyisiwe (ama-papules) esikhumbeni, emlonyeni, ezinzipho, ekhanda, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezithweni zangasese. Lokhu kungavela endaweni eyodwa kuphela, noma kungavela ezindaweni eziningi zomzimba ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Izindawo eziyinhloko ezingathinta lesi sifo yilezi:

• Isikhumba: Ikakhulukazi ezihlakaleni, ezindololwaneni, nasemilenzeni ngaphansi kwamadolo.
• Ngaphakathi komlomo (Oral Mucosa): Ngaphakathi kwezihlathi, ulimi, izindebe.
• Isikhumba sekhanda: Isikhumba lapho kukhona khona izinwele.
• Izinzipho: Ezandleni nasezinyaweni.
• Izitho zangasese: Izindawo zangasese zabesilisa nabesifazane.

Empeleni lesi yisimo esibangelwa ukungaqondi kahle okuncane kwesimiso sethu somzimba. Ake sibheke kabanzi.

Ingabe lesi yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba? Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?

Nakuba i-lichen planus ingachazwanga kahle njengesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, ihilela inqubo efanayo. Cabanga ngale ndlela: amasosha omzimba ethu afana nebutho lethu. Umsebenzi wawo ukusivikela kubahlaseli bangaphandle (njengamagciwane namagciwane). Ingxenye ekhethekile yaleli butho ibizwa ngokuthi ama-T cell.

Kumuntu ophilile, la maseli e-T alwa namagciwane avela ngaphandle kuphela. Kodwa kumuntu one-lichen planus, la maseli e-T ayaphambuka bese eqala ukuhlasela iphrotheni esikhumbeni sethu kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ecabanga ukuthi yisitha.

Isizathu esiqondile sokuthi kungani la maseli e-T eziphethe ngale ndlela asaziwa. Yingakho kuthiwa yi-idiopathic, noma isimo "esingaziwa".

Umehluko Phakathi kwe-Lichen Planus ne-Lichen Sclerosus

La magama amabili afana kancane, okungabadida abanye abantu. Womabili ayizimo ezithinta isikhumba futhi imbangela eqondile ayaziwa. Kodwa kunomehluko omkhulu.

• I-Lichen Sclerosus:Lesi yisimo lapho isikhumba siba sincane kancane kancane, siba lukhwehlela, kuvele izilonda, futhi ekugcineni kube nezibazi. Nakuba singavela noma kuphi emzimbeni, sivame ukubonakala eduze kwezitho zangasese kanye ne-anus. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abaye badlula esikhathini sokuya esikhathini. Okubalulekile, i-lichen sclerosus ayivamile ukwenzeka emlonyeni.
• I-Lichen Planus: Lesi yisimo esikhuluma ngaso. Lokhu kuvame ukuthinta isikhumba kanye nengaphakathi lomlomo.

Umehluko Phakathi kwe-Lichen Planus ne-Psoriasis

I-Psoriasis nayo iyisifo sesikhumba abantu abaningi abasijwayele. Zombili lezi zingadideka ngoba zibangela amabala esikhumba. Kodwa kukhona umehluko. Ku-psoriasis, amabala esikhumbeni abonakala emhlophe, enamabala . Futhi, i-psoriasis ayivamile ukuvela emlonyeni.

Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole lesi simo?

Noma ubani angaba ne-lichen planus, kodwa amaqembu athile anamathuba amaningi okuba nayo.

• Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-60 .
• Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola lesi sifo kunabesilisa.
• Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yabo-60 kanye nakwabesilisa abaseminyakeni yabo-40.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Izimpawu zincike ekutheni isimo se-lichen planus sikuthinta kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu endaweni ngayinye.

I-lichen planus ngokuvamile ayibuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, uma uklwebha isikhumba, kungaholela ezifweni nasebuhlungwini. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ugweme ukuklwebha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Yini ebangela lesi simo ukuba siqhubeke?

Ezinye izinto zingabangela ukuthi lesi sifo sibe sibi kakhulu ngokuzumayo, noma siqhume. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-hepatitis C.
• Eminye imigomo .
• Amanye ama-painkiller (ama-NSAID) .
• Eminye imithi esetshenziswayo ye-arthritis, isifo senhliziyo, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme .
• Ukungezwani komzimba namakhemikhali athile, izinsimbi (isb. i-mercury esetshenziswa ekugcwaliseni amazinyo) , noma imibala.

Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela angakwazi ukubona ukuthi yi-lichen planus ngokuhlola izimpawu zakho nokubheka amabala esikhumbeni sakho. Bafuna izimpawu ezimbalwa ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-Six Ps" ukuze basize ekuyiboneni.

• Ukuqaqamba (ukuhlunguzela)
• I-Polygonal (inesimo esinobunjwa obuningi)
• I-P lanar (esicaba phezulu)
• Ophuzi
• Ama-papules (ama-blister amancane)
• Ama-plaque (amabala esikhumba)

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi udokotela angase anqume ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

• Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba: Bheka ukuthi lesi simo sibi kakhulu yini ngenxa yanoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba onakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yesikhumba endaweni lapho kukhona khona i-mole bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kungaqinisekisa lesi sifo isikhathi esingu-100%.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C: Ngezinye izikhathi i-lichen planus ihlotshaniswa negciwane le-hepatitis C, ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa futhi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Akukho ukwelashwa okuhlala njalo kwe-lichen planus. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ezimweni eziningi, i-lichen planus esikhumbeni izolulama ngokwayo zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa noma unyaka noma emibili ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu ezifana nokulunywa nokusha zikhathaza, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ukwelashwa ukuze azilawule.

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha

• Okhilimu/okhilimu be-corticosteroid: Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala nokulunywa.
• Ama-Antihistamine: Lawa awusizo ekulawuleni ukulunywa.
• Ukwelashwa nge-Phototherapy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuqondisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) okuphuma ezibanini ezikhethekile esikhumbeni ukulawula izimpawu.
• Ama-immunosuppressants: Uma lesi sifo sibi kakhulu, amaphilisi anciphisa ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela (njenge-corticosteroids yomlomo, i-azathioprine) anganikezwa.
• Ama-Retinoids: Le mithi, eyenziwe nge-vitamin A, itholakala ngendlela yamaphilisi noma ukhilimu. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abahlela ukukhulelwa kufanele nakanjani bakhulume nodokotela wabo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.

Izinto ongazenza ekhaya kanye nezinguquko endleleni yokuphila

Ngaphezu kokwelashwa ngemithi, kunezinto ongazisebenzisa wena ukuze unciphise ukungakhululeki.

• I-Aloe vera: Ukusebenzisa ijeli ye-aloe vera kungasheshisa ukuphulukiswa kokuvuvukala namanxeba.
• Ukwelashwa nge-oatmeal: Hlanganisa i-oatmeal egayiwe kahle (i-oatmeal ye-colloidal) namanzi amancane ukuze wenze i-paste. Faka lokhu ezindaweni ezilumayo, ukushiye cishe imizuzu eyi-10, bese uyigeza.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka kuyisici esingadala noma yisiphi isimo sesikhumba. Ngakho zama ukugcina ingqondo yakho izolile ngokuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula, ukuzindla, kanye ne-yoga.
• Uma ingaphakathi emlonyeni (i-Oral Lichen Planus):
• Gcina inhlanzeko yomlomo ilungile. Hlanza amazinyo akho kahle.
• Gwema ukudla neziphuzo ezibabayo, ezimuncu nezishisayo. Izinto ezifana nopelepele, amasoso, izithelo ze-citrus ezifana namawolintshi, utamatisi, notshwala zingandisa ukuvuvukala.
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
• Abanye abantu bangase babe nokungezwani komzimba nokugcwalisa ama-amalgam . Uma usola lokhu, khuluma nodokotela wamazinyo ngakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezinye zalezi ezilandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

• Uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha.
• Uma kungekho ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu ngemva kokwelashwa.
• Uma izibazi zesikhumba sezikhona isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile.
• Uma indawo lapho amabala ebonakala sengathi inegciwane (isib. obomvu, ovuvukile, noma okhipha ubomvu).

Ungabuza le mibuzo uma uya kudokotela.

• Ungasho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lokhu kuyi-lichen planus?
• Uma kungenjalo lokhu, yiziphi ezinye izifo zesikhumba ezingaba yizo?
• Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi lesi simo siphole?
• Uhlobo luni lomuthi olungcono? Ingabe lunemiphumela emibi?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungenziwa ekhaya?

I-Lichen planus yisimo esingaba namahloni, silume, futhi sibe namahloni, kodwa khumbula, akusona isifo esiyingozi noma esithathelwanayo. Ngokuvamile siyaphela sodwa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela isikhumba sakho nokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha uma kudingeka.