Wake wambona othile emndenini wakho noma umuntu omaziyo equleka ngokuzumayo futhi ewa phansi ngesikhathi evivinya umzimba noma lapho esaba kakhulu? Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemuva kwezinto ezinjalo kunesimo senhliziyo esingakazwa okuningi ngaso, kodwa esingaba sibi kakhulu. Esinye salezo zimo yi-Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, masiliqonde kalula.
Iyini i-Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)?
Kalula nje, i-Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) iyinkinga ohlelweni lukagesi lwenhliziyo yakho.
Cabanga ngenhliziyo yakho njenge-flash ekhamera. Ngemva kokushaya kanye, idinga ukushajwa kancane ngaphambi kokuba iphinde ishaye. Yileyo ndlela uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo oludinga ngayo ukushaja kabusha phakathi kokushaya. Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze lokhu kwenzeke yilokho esikukala ku-ECG (Electrocardiogram) njengesikhawu se-QT .
Lesi sikhathi sokushaja kabusha side kakhulu kumuntu one-LQTS kunomuntu ojwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo luthatha isikhathi eside ukulungiselela ukushaya okulandelayo.
Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu?
Umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yethu ulawulwa yizinhlayiya ezincane ezishaja ngogesi ezibizwa ngama-ion (isibonelo, i-sodium, i-potassium, i-calcium). Lawa ma-ion angena futhi aphume emangqamuzaneni emisipha yenhliziyo ngamasango amancane abizwa ngokuthi iziteshi ze-ion .
Ku-Long QT Syndrome, lezi ziteshi ze-ion azisebenzi kahle noma azikho ngokwanele. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo ivuseleleke sekwephuzile.
Uma isikhathi se-QT sinwetshwa ngale ndlela, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuyingozi kakhulu, okusongela impilo, okusheshayo, nokungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia) kungenzeka. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-Torsades de Pointes . Lolu uhlobo lwesimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Ventricular Tachycardia .
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-LQTS?
I-LQTS ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ifa kanye netholwe.
1. Ama-LQTS azuzwe njengefa/azalwa nawo
Lokhu kubangelwa ukukhubazeka kofuzo. Lokho kusho ukuthi kuzuzwa kubazali kubantwana. Nalapha futhi, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwe-LQTS oluzalwa nalo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo se-Romano-Ward | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kulesi simo, omunye wabazali angase abe ne-LQTS. Kunethuba elingu-50% lokuthi ingane izozuza lesi simo njengefa. Ukuzwa (ukuzwa) kulaba bantu kuyinto evamile. |
| I-Jervell kanye neLange-Nielsen Syndrome | Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Kulesi simo, bobabili abazali bangabathwali be-LQTS gene (kungenzeka bangabi nazimpawu). Kunethuba elingu-25% lokuthi ingane izozuza lesi simo njengefa. Izingane ezinalesi simo zivame ukuzalwa zingezwa. |
| Isifo SikaThimothy | Lolu futhi uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu. Lungathinta hhayi inhliziyo kuphela, kodwa nezinye izingxenye zomzimba. |
2. Ama-LQTS atholiwe
Lokhu akubangelwa izici zofuzo. Abanye abantu bangazalwa benobuthakathaka obuncane eziteshini zabo ze-ion. Kodwa lokho akuyona inkinga. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo singavela ngenxa yesici esithile sangaphandle.
Izizathu eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Imithi ethile: Eminye imithi elwa namagciwane, imithi yokucindezeleka, imithi yokulwa nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa, kanye nemithi yokukhipha isisu.
- Ukwehla kwamazinga kasawoti emzimbeni: Ukwehla kwamazinga e-potassium, i-magnesium, noma i-calcium egazini.
- Ezinye izimbangela: Izinkinga zokudla ezifana ne-anorexia nervosa, ukulimala kwesimiso sezinzwa, kanye nobuthi obuthile.
Zingaba yini lezi zimpawu?
Into eyingozi kakhulu nge-LQTS ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-50% abanazo izimpawu . Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu, zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu zenzeka lapho kwenzeka iphethini ye-cardio yenhliziyo eyingozi eshiwo ngaphambilini ebizwa ngokuthi i-Torsades de Pointes.
| Uphawu oluyinhloko | Kwenzekani kuyo? |
|---|---|
| I-Syncope | Ngenxa yokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ubuchopho abutholi igazi elanele. Lokhu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo nokuwa. |
| Ukuquleka | Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-seizure ngezinye izikhathi singavela ngenxa yokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni. |
| Ukuboshwa Kwenhliziyo | Uma leyo ndlela yokushaya kwenhliziyo eyingozi iqhubeka, inhliziyo ingase iyeke ukushaya ngokuphelele. |
| Ukufa Okungazelelwe | Ukuma kwenhliziyo kungaba yingozi uma kungelashwa ngokushesha. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala somuntu one-LQTS. |
Izimo lapho izimpawu zivame ukuvela khona:
- Ngesikhathi uzivocavoca noma ngemva kokuqeda.
- Ngesikhathi sokushukunyiswa kwengqondo okungazelelwe, okunamandla (isb., lapho wesaba kakhulu, wethukile).
- Ngesikhathi sokulala noma lapho uvuka ngokuzumayo ebuthongweni.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo?
Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-LQTS:
- Izihlobo zegazi eziseduze (abazali, izingane zakubo, izingane) zomuntu one-LQTS.
- Abantu abanomlando womndeni wokulahlekelwa inkumbulo okungachazeki, ukuxhuzula, noma ukufa ngokuzumayo besebancane.
- Izingane ezizalwa ziyizithulu (ngenxa yengozi ye-Jervell ne-Lange-Nielsen Syndrome).
- Abantu abanezinye izifo zenhliziyo ezifana ne-cardiomyopathy.
- Abantu abasebenzisa imithi enweba isikhathi sokuphumula se-QT.
Uma othile emndenini wakho etholakale ene-LQTS, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthi ahlolwe yona. Okokuqala, tshela udokotela wakho ngayo. Uzokudlulisela ekuhlolweni kwe-ECG.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-LQTS?
Indlela eyinhloko yokuxilonga lokhu iwukusebenzisa i-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram).Ukuhlolwa. Udokotela ulinganisa isikhawu se-QT ku-ECG. Ngokuvamile, uma lesi sikhathi singaphezu kwama-millisecond angu-450, i-LQTS ingasolwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angase ancome ezinye izivivinyo eziningana:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola amazinga kasawoti emzimbeni, njenge-potassium ne-magnesium.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka Kokuzivocavoca: Bona ukuthi ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho kushintsha kanjani ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.
- I-Ambulatory Monitor (i-Holter Monitor): Idivayisi encane ibekwa esifubeni sakho ukuze iqophe njalo isigqi senhliziyo yakho amahora angama-24 noma ngaphezulu.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo: Hlola izinguquko zezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-LQTS.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Nakuba i-LQTS ingelapheki ngokuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu, ukuvimbela ingozi yokufa ngokuzumayo, nokuphila impilo evamile.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Imithi | Abantu abaningi (ngisho nalabo abangenazo izimpawu) banikezwa imithi ye-beta-blocker . Le mithi isiza ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo kancane futhi yehlise ukusabela kwenhliziyo ezintweni ezivusa inkanuko ngokuzumayo. |
| Amadivayisi |
|
| Ukuhlinzwa | I-Left Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation (LCSD) yeziguli ezisengozini enkulu okunzima ukuzilawula ngemithi namadivayisiLokhu kuhlinzwa kuhilela ukususa ezinye zezinzwa eziya enhliziyweni, kunciphisa ukusabela kwenhliziyo ezintweni ezivusa imizwa ngokuzumayo. |
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele uma uhlala ne-LQTS
Kungenzeka ukuphila impilo evamile negcwele nge-LQTS. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa okudingeka uzazi empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.
1. Imisindo nokucindezeleka okungazelelwe
Kubantu abanezinhlobo ezithile ze-LQTS, imisindo ezumayo nephakeme (isib. i-alamu, ukukhala kocingo) noma ukushaqeka noma ukwesaba okungazelelwe kungaba yingozi.
- Tshela umndeni nabangani ukuthi akuphephile ukukugcona.
- Esikhundleni samawashi e-alamu anomsindo omkhulu, sebenzisa lawo adlala umculo omnene.
2. Ukuzivocavoca kanye nezemidlalo
Kubantu abanezinhlobo ezithile ze-LQTS, imidlalo yokuncintisana kanye nokuzivocavoca okunzima kungaba yingozi kakhulu.
- Qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi yikuphi ukuzivocavoca okufanele nokungafaneleki kuwe.
- Ukubhukuda kuyingozi kakhulu kwabanye abantu. Kukhona ingozi yokuminza uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo emanzini. Ungabhukudi wedwa.
3. Qaphela kakhulu ngemithi!
Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngisho nemithi eminingi evamile ingenza i-LQTS ibe yimbi kakhulu.
- Tshela bonke odokotela abakwelaphayo ukuthi une-LQTS.
- Ngaphambi kokukunikeza imithi yanoma yisiphi esinye isimo, khuluma nodokotela wakho wenhliziyo.
- Ungathengi noma yimuphi umuthi otholakala ngaphandle kwemithi ekhemisi noma kwenye indawo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela (ngaphandle kwezinto ezifana ne-paracetamol ne-aspirin).
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma usuthole ukuthi une-LQTS, kufanele ubonane nodokotela wakho okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze ahlolwe. Kungcono ukubona i-electrophysiologist, udokotela ochwepheshe bezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.
Uma ingane yakho inalesi simo, kuzodingeka ubonane nodokotela njalo njengoba umthamo wemithi udinga ukulungiswa ngokwesisindo sayo.
Kufanele ngiye nini e-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit)?
Uma umuntu equlekile futhi ewa, shayela i-ambulensi ngokushesha. Okwamanje, uma kukhona umuntu oqeqeshwe ukwenza i-CPR (ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo), mnike. Esimweni esinjengalesi, umzuzwana ngamunye uyabalulekile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) yisimo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo noma esitholwe lapho uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo luthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukushaja kabusha.
- Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ngokuzumayo, ukuquleka, kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo okungachazeki yizimpawu eziyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu.
- Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onalesi simo noma enomlando wokushona ngokuzumayo esemncane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wenze isivivinyo se-ECG.
- Ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi (ngisho nakwezinye izimo), khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uphephile kuwe.
- Ngokwelashwa okufanele (imithi, idivayisi ye-ICD) kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, umuntu one-LQTS angaphila impilo egcwele nenempilo. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela.
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