Kuyesabeka kancane uma ngokuzumayo uqala ukuphuma igazi ekhaleni lakho, akunjalo? Mhlawumbe wenza okuthile, noma ingane yakho encane iyadlala, bese ngokuzumayo ubona ithonsi noma amabili egazi liphuma ekhaleni lakho. Ngezinye izikhathi liyaphela, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lapho ukuphuma kwegazi kuqhubeka, awukwazi ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani. Ingabe lokhu kuyingozi ngempela? Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngokuningiliziwe nanamuhla.
Kusho ukuthini lokhu kopha ekhaleni? (Epistaxis)
Kalula nje, ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni kubizwa ngokuthi `(Epistaxis)` kwezesayensi yezokwelapha. Lokhu kungenzeka ekhaleni elilodwa, ngezinye izikhathi kokubili. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela ekhaleni elilodwa kuphela.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Cabanga nje, ngaphakathi kwekhala lethu kunemithambo yegazi eminingi emincane, esakazeke njenge-mesh encane. Le mithambo yegazi inomsebenzi obalulekile. Okungukuthi, ukufudumala umoya esiwuphefumulayo nokuwunikeza umswakama odingekayo ngaphambi kokuwuthumela emaphashini ethu. Kodwa inkinga iwukuthi, le mithambo yegazi emincane itholakala kakhulu, noma eduze kakhulu nesikhumba esingaphakathi kwekhala.
Ngakho-ke lapho umoya esiwuphefumulayo woma kakhulu, isibonelo uma sichitha isikhathi esiningi egumbini le-AC, noma uma sihlala endaweni enesimo sezulu esomile nesibandayo njengeNuwara Eliya, ingaphakathi lekhala liba lomile bese kwakheka uqweqwe oluncane. Ngalesi sikhathi, lapho sishaya ikhala lethu kanzima, sifake umunwe wethu kulo, noma ngisho nomzuzwana nje, le mithambo yegazi emincane iyaqhuma bese iqala ukuphuma igazi.
Ungakhathazeki! Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe abantu abayisithupha kwabayi-10 bazozwa ukopha ekhaleni okungenani kanye empilweni yabo.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni.
Odokotela bahlukanisa ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, kuye ngokuthi ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela kuphi.
1. Ukopha Impumulo Ngaphambili
Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokopha ekhaleni. Ukopha kuqala ngaphambili kwekhala, phansi kwe-septum, udonga oluhlukanisa amakhala amabili. Imithambo yegazi kule ndawo ibucayi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngisho nokulimala okuncane kungabangela ukopha. Lokhu ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga enkulu. Esikhathini esiningi, kungalawulwa ekhaya ngosizo lokuqala esixoxe ngalo.
2. Ukopha Kwangemuva Kwempumulo
Lolu uhlobo oludinga ukunakwa okuncane. Lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kuvela emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu engaphakathi kwekhala, eduze komphimbo. Ukopha kwegazi kungaba nzima kancane, futhi igazi lingase lehle emphinjeni kunasekhaleni. Uma leli gazi lingena esiswini, lingabangela isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
Ukopha okuvela emhlane kanje ngokuvamile kunzima ukukuyeka ngosizo lokuqala lwasekhaya.Esimweni esinjalo, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha noma ukuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela.
Kungani sithola ukopha ekhaleni? Ake sibheke ezinye zezizathu
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani kuvele ukopha ekhaleni. Ngenhlanhla, eziningi zalezi zimbangela azizimbi kangako.
Izizathu ezivame ukubonakala
- Umoya owomile: Lena imbangela eyinhloko. Isimo sezulu esinokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophansi, ukuhlala emakamelweni e-AC usuku lonke, kanye nokomisa komoya ezindaweni ezinezintaba kungabangela ukuthi ingaphakathi lekhala lome futhi liphume igazi.
- Ukukha ikhala: Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane. Izinzipho zingabhajwa futhi zilimaze imithambo yegazi ebucayi.
- Ukuncinza ikhala: Uma sinesifo somkhuhlane noma i-sinus, sincinza ikhala lethu kakhulu. Lokho kucindezela kungabangela nokuqhuma kwemithambo yegazi.
- Ukungezwani komzimba: Abantu abangezwani nezinto ezifana nothuli kanye nempova bangase babe nobuhlungu obandayo kanye nokuthimula, okungalimaza ulwelwesi oluthambile ngaphakathi kwempumulo.
- Izifutho Zamakhala: Ezinye izifutho ezisetshenziselwa ukungezwani komzimba noma ukuminyana kwamakhala zingomisa ingaphakathi lekhala uma zisetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
- Ukulimala ekhaleni noma ebusweni: Ukopha kungenzeka ngenxa yokuwa, ingozi, noma ukushayisana ngesikhathi semidlalo.
- Izinto zokunciphisa igazi: Abantu abaphuza imithi yokunciphisa igazi njenge-aspirin ne-warfarin bangase baphuze igazi kakhulu ngisho noma benokulimala okuncane.
- I-Septum Ephambukile: Lapho udonga oluhlukanisa ingaphakathi lekhala luphambukile luye kolunye uhlangothi, ukuhamba komoya kuyashintsha, futhi olunye uhlangothi lungaba lomile njalo futhi luphume igazi.
Izimbangela ezingavamile
- Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile
- Izimo zokujiya kwegazi (isib., i-hemophilia noma isifo se-von Willebrand)
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Ukuqina kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi (i-Atherosclerosis)
- Ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ekhaleni noma ebusweni
- Izimila zamakhala noma ama-polyp
- Izifo ezifana nomdlavuza wegazi (i-Leukemia)
- Ukukhulelwa (phakathi nalesi sikhathi, imithambo yegazi emzimbeni iyavuleka, okubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe emithanjeni ethambile ekhaleni)
Ingabe kufanele ukhathazeke ngokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni? Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Esikhathini esiningi, ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni akukubi kangako. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, kungaba uphawu lwesinye isimo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
| Isimo / isici | Okufanele ngikwenze |
|---|---|
| Uma uvame ukuphuma igazi ekhaleni. | Bona udokotela womndeni wakho ukuze uthole imbangela. |
| Uma unezimpawu ze-anemia, njengokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, ukuphaphatheka, ukukhathala okukhulu, isiyezi, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula . | Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. |
| Uma unenkinga yokukhipha igazi ekhaleni ngemva kokuqala umuthi omusha . | Khuluma nodokotela owakunike lowo muthi. |
| Uma, kanye nokopha ekhaleni , ezinye izingxenye zomzimba nazo ziba namabala afana nokuklwebheka . | Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha ngoba lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi sezempilo. |
| Uma ingane engaphansi kweminyaka emibili inomopho. | Kungcono ukubona udokotela wezingane. |
Indlela yokuvimba ukopha ekhaleni ekhaya (usizo lokuqala)
Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uqala ukuphuma igazi ekhaleni, ngaphandle kokwethuka.
1. Yehlisa umoya: Ungesabi ekuqaleni. Hlala uzolile bese uphefumula ngomlomo wakho.
2. Hlala uqonde: Hlala uqonde esihlalweni bese ugoba ikhanda lakho kancane phambili. Ungalokothi ugobe ikhanda lakho emuva. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela igazi ukuthi lehle emphinjeni wakho, okubangela ukukhwehlela nokuhlanza. Lokhu kungandisa nokopha kwegazi.
3. Cindezela ikhala lakho: Sebenzisa umunwe wakho wesithupha nowokukhomba ukuze ucindezele ingxenye ethambile engenhla nje kwamakhala akho. Ungacindezeli ingxenye ethambile yekhala lakho, cindezela ingxenye ethambile kuphela.
4. Linda imizuzu eyi-10-15: okungenani imizuzu eyi-10 ngesikhathiQhubeka ucindezela. Ungasidedeli isandla sakho ngenkathi uhlola ukuthi ukuphuma kwegazi kumile yini. Ukwenza kanjalo kuzophula ihlule legazi elakhayo bese ukuphuma kwegazi kuqala futhi. Khulula isandla sakho ngemva kwemizuzu eyi-10. Uma ukuphuma kwegazi kusaqhubeka, qhubeka ucindezela eminye imizuzu eyi-10.
5. Sula igazi: Sebenzisa indwangu emanzi noma indwangu emanzi ukuze usule igazi eliphumayo. Ungalokothi uzame ukucindezela amabhola kakotini noma iphepha lendwangu eligoqiwe ekhaleni lakho.
Ngesikhathi esinjengalesi, iya ku-ETU ngokushesha!
Ngokuvamile, izinyathelo zokusiza kuqala ezingenhla zizomisa ukopha. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezilandelayo, ungahlali ekhaya bese usheshe uye nothile eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Uma ukopha kungayeki ngemva kokubamba ikhala lakho ngokuqinile imizuzu eyi-15-20.
- Uma kulahleke igazi eliningi kakhulu (isib. elingaphezu kwenkomishi).
- Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi (i-aspirin, i-warfarin), noma uma unesifo sokujiya kwegazi (i-hemophilia) futhi ukopha kwakho kungayeki.
- Uma uzizwa unenkinga yokuphefumula .
- Uma uhlanza igazi njalo.
- Uma uqala ukopha ngemva kokushaywa kanzima ekhanda noma ebusweni (ukuwa, ingozi yemoto).
Hlobo luni lokwelashwa olunikezwa udokotela ngalokhu?
Uma uya esibhedlela, udokotela angase asebenzise izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi imbangela yokopha kwegazi ingakanani kanye nobunzima bayo.
- Ukupakisha Ikhala: Ukuze ufake ingcindezi endaweni yokopha, ungafaka into efana ne-gauze ecwiliswe emithini, iziponji ezikhethekile, noma ibhaluni elifuthwayo ngaphakathi kwekhala. Lokhu kushiywa endaweni cishe amahora angama-24-48 bese kususwa.
- Ukushisa: Lokhu kuhilela ukupholisa kanye 'nokuvala' umthambo wegazi omncane ophuma igazi, kungaba ngokusebenzisa ikhemikhali (i-nitrate yesiliva) noma idivayisi kagesi encane (i-electrocautery). Ingaphakathi lekhala liyavaleka ngaphambi kwalokhu, ngakho-ke akukho buhlungu.
- Ukushintsha imithi: Ungase welulekwe ukuthi ushintshe umthamo noma uyeke okwesikhashana ukuthatha izinto ezifana nemithi yokunciphisa igazi.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Uma ikhala liphukile noma line-septum ephambukile, lingalungiswa ngokuhlinzwa (septoplasty).
Yini engenziwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni ukuthi kungaphinde kwenzeke?
Uma uhlushwa ukopha ekhaleni njalo, ukulandela le mikhuba kungasiza kakhulu ekulawuleni lesi simo.
- Gcina impumulo yakho imanzi: Sebenzisa i-saline nasal spray, etholakala emakhemisi, kabili kuya kathathu ngosuku. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukusebenzisa i-humidifier ekamelweni lakho lokulala ebusuku.
- Faka isembozo:Faka inani elincane le-Vaseline ebholeni likakotini bese ulifaka ngaphakathi kwamakhala. Kodwa ungalifaki lijule kakhulu ibhola likakotini.
- Ungafaki ikhala lakho ngamandla: Yiba mnene kakhulu lapho ufaka ikhala lakho. Vula umlomo wakho lapho uthimula.
- Ungakhethi khala: Gwema lo mkhuba. Fundisa izingane ezincane ngalokhu futhi ugcine izinzipho zazo zimfushane.
- Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema komisa ingaphakathi lekhala futhi kulimaze ulwelwesi oluthambile.
- Gqoka izigqoko zokuzivikela: Uma udlala imidlalo engabangela ukulimala ebusweni nasekhaleni lakho, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka izigqoko zokuzivikela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukopha ekhaleni (i-Epistaxis) kuvame kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile akusikho okufanele kukhathazeke ngakho.
- Ngokuvamile imbangela kuba umoya owomile obangela ukuqhuma kwemithambo yegazi ethambile engaphakathi kwekhala.
- Ungesabi uma ubona igazi, thambekisa ikhanda lakho phambili, bese ucindezela ingxenye ethambile yekhala lakho imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngesikhathi.
- Uma ukopha kungayeki, uma kukhona ukopha ngokweqile, noma uma kunezinye izimpawu ezinkulu (isiyezi, ubunzima bokuphefumula), bona udokotela noma uye ku-ETU ngokushesha.
- Uma uvame ukuphuma igazi ekhaleni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole imbangela eqondile.
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