Wake wazibuza ukuthi singazifunda kanjani ngisho nezinhlamvu ezincane kakhulu encwadini ngokucacile, noma sibone ubuso bomuntu sikude? Konke lokhu kusizwa yindawo encane kakhulu, kodwa enamandla kakhulu, ebalulekile emehlweni ethu. Leyo ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi "i-macula." Namuhla sikhuluma ngale macula, esebenza njengeqhawe lombono wakho.
Ngakho-ke, iyini ngempela i-macula?
Kalula nje, i-macula yindawo encane, eyindilinga phakathi kwe-retina ngemuva kweso lakho. I-retina iyi-membrane ezwelayo ebamba ukukhanya okungena emehlweni ethu. Ifana nefilimu noma inzwa ekhamera. Ngakho-ke i-macula yingxenye ye-retina yonke ekhetheke kakhulu ukusinika umbono obukhali, ocacile, futhi onemininingwane eminingi.
Elinye igama lalokhu yi-macula lutea. Le ndawo encane ilawula lokho okubonayo uma ubheka phambili, umbono wakho ophakathi . Ngakho-ke ngisho nomonakalo omncane ku-macula ungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuboneni kwakho. Yingakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekuboneni kwakho noma ekuboneni kwakho.
Iyini indima ye-macula? Kungani ibaluleke kangaka?
Zicabange ubuka imbali enhle. Ungayibona ngokucacile imininingwane yembali, njengombala wayo, ukuma kwamacembe ayo, kanye nemithambo ethambile ekuyo. I-macula isebenza kanzima ukukukhombisa yonke leyo mininingwane.
Lokho esikubona kwenzeka nje yilokhu:
1. Okokuqala, ukukhanya kungena esweni, kudlule ngelensi, bese kushaya i-retina ngemuva.
2. Amaseli akhethekile azwela ukukhanya ku-retina, abizwa ngokuthi ama-photoreceptor , aguqula la mandla okukhanya abe isignali kagesi.
3. Lesi siginali sikagesi siya ebuchosheni ngenzwa yokubona.
4. Ekugcineni, ubuchopho buhlaziya lesi siginali ukuze bakhe isithombe esisibonayo.
Kule nqubo, i-macula yiyo ebamba imininingwane emihle kakhulu yalokho okubukayo ngqo. Lokho kusho ukuthi:
- Funda izincwadi encwadini noma ephephandabeni.
- Bona ubuso bomuntu
- Ukwenza umsebenzi obucayi, njengokuhlikihla inaliti.
- Khomba futhi uhlukanise imibala ehlukene ngokunembile
Cabanga ukuthi yonke i-retina ifana nepayipi lokunisela ingadi, ibamba konke ngokujwayelekile. Khona-ke i-macula ifana ne-eye dropper, iyiqondisa ngqo endaweni eyodwa, ithatha ulwazi oludingayo kuphela, okungukuthi, imininingwane emincane kuphela, bese iluthumela ebuchosheni.
Uma i-macula yonakele, iso lakho lizoqhubeka nokusebenza, livumele ukukhanya kungene. Kodwa uzobona isithombe esifiphele, esinemininingwane, nesingabonakali kahle. Kufana nesithombe esithathwe ngekhamera esingacacile.
I-macula yakheka kanjani?
I-macula iyingxenye ye-retina. Iyindawo encane, emise okweqanda, ephuzi. Ngokuvamile, i-macula yomuntu ingamamilimitha angu-5 ububanzi. Lokho kungaphansi kwesigamu sesentimitha. Kodwa kuyamangalisa lokho ekwenzayo, akunjalo?
Njenge-retina, i-macula yakhiwe ngamaseli e-photoreceptor. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zala maseli:
- Izinduku: Lezi zisiza ekuboneni okumnyama nokumhlophe kanye nokubona ebumnyameni.
- Amakhoni: Yilokhu okusiza ekuboneni imibala kanye nokubona kwethu okuvamile kwasemini.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-macula iqukethe ukugcwala okuphezulu kwamaseli e-cone, okusho ukuthi ahlanganiswe kakhulu. Yingakho sithola umbono ocacile, onemininingwane, futhi onemibala ngayo.
Yiziphi izifo nezimo ezingathinta i-macula?
Noma yini elimaza iso ingathinta i-macula. Kodwa kunezimo eziningana ezihlasela ngqo i-macula. Ake sibheke lezi kumathebula amabili.
| Izimo ezinkulu zezokwelapha ezithinta ngqo i-macula | |
|---|---|
| Ukuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala (i-AMD) | I-macula iba buthaka kancane kancane njengoba iminyaka ikhula. Umbono ophakathi uqala ukufiphala. |
| I-macular pucker / i-epiretinal membrane | Ungqimba oluncane lwakheka phezu kwe-macula, oluba namafu futhi luphazamise umbono. Ungase ubone imigqa eqondile. |
| Umgodi we-macular | Imbobo encane phakathi kwe-macula. Ingase ibonakale njengebala elimnyama embonweni ophakathi. |
| I-Cystoid macular edema | I-macula iyavuvukala futhi igcwale uketshezi, okubangela ukubona okufiphele. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifo ezithinta i-retina yonke zingalimaza ne-macula.
| Ezinye izimo ezingathinta i-macula nge-retina | |
|---|---|
| i-retinitis pigmentosa | Isifo sofuzo esibhubhisa kancane kancane amangqamuzana e-retina. |
| Ukuntanta kwamehlo kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo | Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwenkinga ye-retina. |
| Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal | Ukuvaleka komthambo ohambisa igazi ku-retina. |
| Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal | Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo. I-retina isuka odongeni lwangaphakathi lweso. |
Yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga nge-macula?
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu emehlweni akho, sicela ungazinaki. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Umbono ofiphele: Umuzwa wokuthi ubheka enkungwini .
- I-Diplopia: Ukubona into eyodwa njengezimbili.
- Ubuhlungu obusha esweni obungapheli ngisho nangemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
- Ubunzima bokubuka ukukhanya (i-photophobia): Ukuzwa sengathi ngisho nokukhanya okuvamile kunamandla kakhulu emehlweni.
- Ukuzizwa sengathi umbono wakho uya ngokuya uba buthaka noma ngokuzumayo.
- Imigqa eqondile, ozimele bomnyango namafasitela, nezinye izinto zibonakala zinwebekile futhi zishwabene.
Ungayigcina kanjani i-macula iphilile?
Amehlo ethu ayinsiza eyigugu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wethu ukunakekela kahle lonke iso, kuhlanganise ne-macula.
Bona udokotela.
Uma ubona ngisho noshintsho oluncane ekuboneni kwakho, tshela udokotela wakho. Uma ugqoka izibuko noma ama-contact lens, hlola amehlo akho njalo futhi ulungise imithi yakho njengoba kudingeka. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile (i-ophthalmoscope) ukuhlola ngokucophelela i-retina ne-macula yakho.
Vikela amehlo akho.
Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha ezifanele lapho udlala imidlalo, wenza umsebenzi onjengokusika insimbi, noma usebenza ngamakhemikhali. Futhi, gqoka izibuko zelanga ezinhle ezivikela amehlo akho emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) uma ungaphandle kwelanga.
Cabanga ngempilo iyonke
Impilo yakho iyonke ithinta amehlo akho. Izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu zingalimaza amehlo akho. Ngakho-ke yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo, uvivinye umzimba, futhi uphathe kahle ezinye izimo zakho zezokwelapha.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyikhumbule.
Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha nje lapho ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho. Kungaba yinto elula njengokudinga umuthi omusha wezibuko zakho. Kodwa kungaba futhi uphawu lokuqala lwesimo esibucayi. Ngakho ungalindi kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu.
Izimo eziphuthumayo:
- Uma ulahlekelwa ukubona kwakho ngokuzumayo
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki esweni lakho
- Uma umbono wakho uba mnyama ngokuzumayo, njengokungathi ikhethini liwile phambi kwamehlo akho
Esimweni esinjalo, phuthuma uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze , ngoba ezinye izimo zingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela uma zingelashwa ngokushesha.
I-macula iyingxenye encane yeso, kodwa manje usuyaqonda ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukubona umhlaba ngokucacile. Siyisebenzisa njalo. Ngakho-ke masinakekele amehlo ethu. Masiwahlole njalo. Uma ubona ngisho noshintsho oluncane, masifune iseluleko sezokwelapha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-macula iyingxenye ye-retina etholakala maphakathi neso, ebalulekile ekuboneni kwethu okuphakathi (lokho esikubonayo lapho sibheka phambili) futhi sibone imininingwane emincane.
- Noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho, njengokufiphala, ukugoba, noma indawo emnyama phakathi nendawo, kungaba uphawu lwenkinga nge-macula.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezinjalo. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha bese uhlolwa amehlo akho.
- Kubalulekile ukuhlolwa amehlo njalo, ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, nokugqoka izibuko zelanga ukuze uvikele ezifweni ezifana nokuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala (AMD).
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo noma ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
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