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Ake sazi kahle ngobisi lwe-Magnesia? (Ukumiswa kwe-Magnesium Hydroxide)

Ake sazi kahle ngobisi lwe-Magnesia? (Ukumiswa kwe-Magnesium Hydroxide)

Kungenzeka ukuthi wake waba nezikhathi lapho wawungakwazi ukuya endlini yangasese izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi isisu sakho sigcwele, futhi uzizwa ungakhululekile neze. Lesi yisimo esivamile abantu abaningi ababhekana naso. Umuthi abantu abaningi abawuthenga ekhemisi futhi bawuphuze ubizwa ngokuthi 'Ubisi lweMagnesia'. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalo muthi obizwa ngokuthi iMagnesium Hydroxide Suspension. Sizokhuluma nje ngokuthi ungawusebenzisa kanjani, ukuthi ubani ongawulungele, nokuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele uziqaphele.

Iyini i-Magnesium Hydroxide? Isebenza kanjani?

Kalula nje, i-Magnesium Hydroxide umuthi owuketshezi osetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukuqunjelwa. Iyingxenye yeqembu lemithi yokulahla isisu ( imithi yokulahla isisu ).

Manje, ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani emzimbeni wakho. Uma uqunjelwa, indle emathunjini akho iba yomile futhi iqine, njengetshe. Bese ingakwazi ukuhamba kalula bese iphuma emzimbeni wakho. Uma uthatha lo muthi, ungena emathunjini akho bese udonsa amanzi ezicutshini ezizungezile. Kufana nesiponji esimunca amanzi. Bese indle eyomile, eqinile imunca amanzi futhi iwenze abe mnene futhi abe bushelelezi . Iphinde inyuse ingcindezi emathunjini akho. Lokhu kucindezela kuvuselela imisipha emathunjini akho, kusunduze indle emzimbeni wakho kalula.

Lo muthi awunconywa ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kokuqunjelwa okwesikhashana. Sizoxoxa ngesizathu salokho maduze.

Izinto okudingeka uzitshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha lo muthi

Nakuba ingathengwa ekhemisi ngaphandle kwekhawunta, kufanele uhlale uthintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa uma unezinkinga zempilo, ikakhulukazi okulandelayo:

  • Isifo sezinso: Uma unezinkinga zezinso, ukusebenzisa lo muthi kungaba yingozi kakhulu . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-magnesium kulo muthi ihlungwa yizinso emzimbeni. Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, le magnesium inganqwabelana emzimbeni futhi ibangele izinkinga ezinkulu.
  • Izifo zamathumbu noma zesisu: Uma unezilonda, izimila, noma ezinye izimo emathunjini akho.
  • Ukuqunjelwa okuhlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwe-14: Uma kukhona ushintsho olusheshayo emikhubeni yamathumbu futhi luhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, imbangela kufanele ihlolwe. Akunconywa ukuthatha lo muthi nje.
  • Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza: Ungawuthathi lo muthi uma unalezi zimpawu kanye nokuqunjelwa. Imbangela ingaba yinto ehlukile.
  • Ukudla okune-magnesium eningi: Uma udla ukudla okune-magnesium eningi ngenxa yezizathu ezithile zezokwelapha.
  • Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukuba nomntwana: Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimiphi imithi phakathi nalezi zikhathi.
  • Uma ungumama oncelisayo.
  • Uma une-allergy kweminye imithi, ukudla, noma lo muthi.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani imithi?

Njengoba lo umuthi owuketshezi, kufanele ushukumise ibhodlela kahle ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa. Sebenzisa kuphela isipuni esikhethekile noma inkomishi yokulinganisa efika ephaketheni ukuze ulinganise umuthi. Ukulinganisa ngamathisipuni noma amathisipuni ekhaya ngeke kusebenze, futhi umthamo ungahluka.

Phuza ingilazi yamanzi ngemva kokuthatha umuthi. Lokhu kuzosiza umuthi ukuthi usebenze kangcono futhi kusize ekuvimbeleni ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Thatha umuthi ngesikhathi esifanele njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wakho noma ephaketheni lomuthi. Ungathathi ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esinqunyiwe.

Kuthiwani uma uyinika izingane ezincane?

Lo muthi ngezinye izikhathi unikezwa izingane. Kodwa kuphela ngokwelulekwa udokotela . Ungamniki ingane yakho lokhu ngokubona kwakho. Njengoba umthamo uhluka kuye ngobudala nesisindo sengane, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela futhi umnike kuphela inani alincomayo.

Wenzani uma uphuza umuthi omningi kakhulu?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe umuthi omningi kunalokho ocabanga ngakho, shayela ngokushesha i-National Poisons Information Centre e-Colombo National Hospital . Noma uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze.

Imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi

Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, lo ungaba nemiphumela emibi. Eminye yayo iyingozi, eminye yayo ivamile.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Magnesium Hydroxide
Imiphumela emibi kakhulu edinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha:
Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala kwezindebe/ulimi/ubuso/umphimbo.
I-magnesium ephezulu emzimbeni Ukudideka, ukozela ngokweqile, ukushawa ngamanzi, ukujuluka, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ubunzima bokuphefumula. (Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu abagula yizinso)
Imiphumela emibi evame ukungabi mibi kakhulu, kodwa okufanele ibikwe kudokotela uma iqhubeka:
Ukuqaqamba kwesisu Ubuhlungu obuncane besisu ngemva kokuthatha umuthi.
Uhudo Ukuvuvukala ngenxa yokusebenza komuthi. Lokhu kuvame ukuyeka. Kodwa uma kuqhubeka, tshela udokotela wakho.

Ukusebenzisana neminye imithi

Lo muthi ungase uhlangane neminye imithi oyithathayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle komuthi omusha noma umuthi omdala. Ngakho-ke, tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi, amavithamini, noma imikhiqizo yamakhambi oyithathayo.

Qaphela kakhulu uma uthatha imithi elandelayo:

  • Amanye ama-antibiotic
  • Ama-antifungal (isb. i-ketoconazole)
  • Imithi yokuqinisa amathambo (isb. i-alendronate)
  • Imithi yokuquleka (isb. i-phenytoin)
  • Imithi efana neGabapentin, Digoxin, Quinidine, neSotalol
  • I-Vitamin D kanye neminye imikhiqizo equkethe i-magnesium

Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, uma uthatha eminye imithi, yithathe emahoreni ama-2 ngaphambi noma emahoreni ama-2 ngemuva kokuthatha i-Magnesium Hydroxide . Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthi imithi iphazamise ukumuncwa komunye nomunye.

Qaphela lezi zinto uma uzisebenzisa.

  • Ungasebenzisi isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto: Ungasebenzisi lo muthi wokuqunjelwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Uma inkinga yakho ingathuthuki ngemva kwesonto, bona udokotela.
  • Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso: Uma unegazi esithweni sakho (esimnyama noma esibomvu ngokumnyama), ukopha okubangelwa yi-rectal, noma ukukhathala okukhulu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
  • Phuza amanzi amaningi: Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela ukuqunjelwa ukuphuza izingilazi eziningana zamanzi ngosuku. Phuza amanzi amaningi ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

  • I-Magnesium Hydroxide (Ubisi lwe-Magnesia) umuthi osetshenziselwa ukuqunjelwa okwesikhashana. Awufanele ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
  • Uma unezimo ezifana nesifo sezinso, ubuhlungu besisu, noma isicanucanu, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha lo muthi.
  • Phuza amanzi amaningi ngenkathi uthatha umuthi. Ungaphuzi ngaphezu komthamo onqunyiwe.
  • Tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyithathayo. Uma uthatha eminye imithi, shiya igebe lamahora ama-2 phakathi kwayo.
  • Uma ukuqunjelwa kungathuthuki ngemva kwesonto lokusetshenziswa, noma uma kunezimpawu ezinkulu ezifana negazi esitulweni , bheka udokotela ngokushesha.
  • Uma unikeza izingane, qiniseka ukuthi unikeza kuphela umthamo onqunyiwe njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela.

Ukuqunjelwa, i-Magnesium Hydroxide, Ubisi lwe-Magnesia, isicanucanu, umuthi

👩🏽‍⚕️ Imibuzo eyengeziwe (ama-FAQ)

💬 Isetshenziselwani i-Magnesium Hydroxide / Ubisi lwe-Magnesia?

Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesidakamizwa sokuhlanza isisu 'sokuqunjelwa okukhulu'. Odokotela banikeza iziguli lolu ketshezi ukuze zelaphe ngokushesha ukuvuvukala kwesisu, igesi (ukugaya ukudla), i-gastritis kanye nesilungulela (i-antacid). Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Milk of Magnesia ngenxa yombala wayo wobisi/omhlophe.

💬 Ukuqeda kanjani ubuhlungu besisu kanye nokuqunjelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ngemva kokuthatha lo muthi?

Leli yikhemikhali elimangalisayo/elisebenzayo (i-Osmotic/Antacid)! Uma une-gastritis, isisu sakho sine-asidi eningi kakhulu. Njengoba lokhu kuyi-(alkaline), uma kungena esiswini, kuhlangana naleyo acid (HCl), kuyiguqula ngokushesha ibe amanzi ajwayelekile futhi kuqede ukuvuvukala/ukukhwehlela esiswini kungakapheli umzuzu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kungena emathunjini, kuyagcina (akumuncwa), kudonsele amanzi emzimbeni emathunjini njengesiponji, kuncibilikise indle eqinile, kuyikhulule, bese kuyikhipha.

💬 Ngisho noma lokhu kuphephile, yimiphi imiphumela emibi eyinhloko kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona ngokuqhubeka nokuphuza?

Umphumela omubi kakhulu walokhu 'uhudo olunzima kanye nokuqaqamba' uma umthamo unyuswa. Enye ingozi eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi 'abantu abanezinkinga zezinso/ubuthakathaka' akufanele baphuze lokhu nhlobo! Lapho izinso zonakele, 'iMagnesium' ekulokhu ayikwazi ukukhishwa emzimbeni, futhi umzimba wonke wesiguli uba ongenampilo/ucimekile (iMagnesium Toxicity / CNS Depression) futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ube yi-coma!

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.

Engeza amazwana akho

Sicela ubale: 7 + 3 =
Ake sazi kahle ngobisi lwe-Magnesia? (Ukumiswa kwe-Magnesium Hydroxide)

Ake sazi kahle ngobisi lwe-Magnesia? (Ukumiswa kwe-Magnesium Hydroxide)

Kungenzeka ukuthi wake waba nezikhathi lapho wawungakwazi ukuya endlini yangasese izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi isisu sakho sigcwele, futhi uzizwa ungakhululekile neze. Lesi yisimo esivamile abantu abaningi ababhekana naso. Umuthi abantu abaningi abawuthenga ekhemisi futhi bawuphuze ubizwa ngokuthi 'Ubisi lweMagnesia'. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalo muthi obizwa ngokuthi iMagnesium Hydroxide Suspension. Sizokhuluma nje ngokuthi ungawusebenzisa kanjani, ukuthi ubani ongawulungele, nokuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele uziqaphele.

Iyini i-Magnesium Hydroxide? Isebenza kanjani?

Kalula nje, i-Magnesium Hydroxide umuthi owuketshezi osetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukuqunjelwa. Iyingxenye yeqembu lemithi yokulahla isisu ( imithi yokulahla isisu ).

Manje, ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani emzimbeni wakho. Uma uqunjelwa, indle emathunjini akho iba yomile futhi iqine, njengetshe. Bese ingakwazi ukuhamba kalula bese iphuma emzimbeni wakho. Uma uthatha lo muthi, ungena emathunjini akho bese udonsa amanzi ezicutshini ezizungezile. Kufana nesiponji esimunca amanzi. Bese indle eyomile, eqinile imunca amanzi futhi iwenze abe mnene futhi abe bushelelezi . Iphinde inyuse ingcindezi emathunjini akho. Lokhu kucindezela kuvuselela imisipha emathunjini akho, kusunduze indle emzimbeni wakho kalula.

Lo muthi awunconywa ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kokuqunjelwa okwesikhashana. Sizoxoxa ngesizathu salokho maduze.

Izinto okudingeka uzitshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha lo muthi

Nakuba ingathengwa ekhemisi ngaphandle kwekhawunta, kufanele uhlale uthintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa uma unezinkinga zempilo, ikakhulukazi okulandelayo:

  • Isifo sezinso: Uma unezinkinga zezinso, ukusebenzisa lo muthi kungaba yingozi kakhulu . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-magnesium kulo muthi ihlungwa yizinso emzimbeni. Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, le magnesium inganqwabelana emzimbeni futhi ibangele izinkinga ezinkulu.
  • Izifo zamathumbu noma zesisu: Uma unezilonda, izimila, noma ezinye izimo emathunjini akho.
  • Ukuqunjelwa okuhlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwe-14: Uma kukhona ushintsho olusheshayo emikhubeni yamathumbu futhi luhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, imbangela kufanele ihlolwe. Akunconywa ukuthatha lo muthi nje.
  • Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza: Ungawuthathi lo muthi uma unalezi zimpawu kanye nokuqunjelwa. Imbangela ingaba yinto ehlukile.
  • Ukudla okune-magnesium eningi: Uma udla ukudla okune-magnesium eningi ngenxa yezizathu ezithile zezokwelapha.
  • Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukuba nomntwana: Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimiphi imithi phakathi nalezi zikhathi.
  • Uma ungumama oncelisayo.
  • Uma une-allergy kweminye imithi, ukudla, noma lo muthi.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani imithi?

Njengoba lo umuthi owuketshezi, kufanele ushukumise ibhodlela kahle ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa. Sebenzisa kuphela isipuni esikhethekile noma inkomishi yokulinganisa efika ephaketheni ukuze ulinganise umuthi. Ukulinganisa ngamathisipuni noma amathisipuni ekhaya ngeke kusebenze, futhi umthamo ungahluka.

Phuza ingilazi yamanzi ngemva kokuthatha umuthi. Lokhu kuzosiza umuthi ukuthi usebenze kangcono futhi kusize ekuvimbeleni ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Thatha umuthi ngesikhathi esifanele njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wakho noma ephaketheni lomuthi. Ungathathi ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esinqunyiwe.

Kuthiwani uma uyinika izingane ezincane?

Lo muthi ngezinye izikhathi unikezwa izingane. Kodwa kuphela ngokwelulekwa udokotela . Ungamniki ingane yakho lokhu ngokubona kwakho. Njengoba umthamo uhluka kuye ngobudala nesisindo sengane, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela futhi umnike kuphela inani alincomayo.

Wenzani uma uphuza umuthi omningi kakhulu?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe umuthi omningi kunalokho ocabanga ngakho, shayela ngokushesha i-National Poisons Information Centre e-Colombo National Hospital . Noma uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze.

Imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi

Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, lo ungaba nemiphumela emibi. Eminye yayo iyingozi, eminye yayo ivamile.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Magnesium Hydroxide
Imiphumela emibi kakhulu edinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha:
Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala kwezindebe/ulimi/ubuso/umphimbo.
I-magnesium ephezulu emzimbeni Ukudideka, ukozela ngokweqile, ukushawa ngamanzi, ukujuluka, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ubunzima bokuphefumula. (Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu abagula yizinso)
Imiphumela emibi evame ukungabi mibi kakhulu, kodwa okufanele ibikwe kudokotela uma iqhubeka:
Ukuqaqamba kwesisu Ubuhlungu obuncane besisu ngemva kokuthatha umuthi.
Uhudo Ukuvuvukala ngenxa yokusebenza komuthi. Lokhu kuvame ukuyeka. Kodwa uma kuqhubeka, tshela udokotela wakho.

Ukusebenzisana neminye imithi

Lo muthi ungase uhlangane neminye imithi oyithathayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle komuthi omusha noma umuthi omdala. Ngakho-ke, tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi, amavithamini, noma imikhiqizo yamakhambi oyithathayo.

Qaphela kakhulu uma uthatha imithi elandelayo:

  • Amanye ama-antibiotic
  • Ama-antifungal (isb. i-ketoconazole)
  • Imithi yokuqinisa amathambo (isb. i-alendronate)
  • Imithi yokuquleka (isb. i-phenytoin)
  • Imithi efana neGabapentin, Digoxin, Quinidine, neSotalol
  • I-Vitamin D kanye neminye imikhiqizo equkethe i-magnesium

Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, uma uthatha eminye imithi, yithathe emahoreni ama-2 ngaphambi noma emahoreni ama-2 ngemuva kokuthatha i-Magnesium Hydroxide . Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthi imithi iphazamise ukumuncwa komunye nomunye.

Qaphela lezi zinto uma uzisebenzisa.

  • Ungasebenzisi isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto: Ungasebenzisi lo muthi wokuqunjelwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Uma inkinga yakho ingathuthuki ngemva kwesonto, bona udokotela.
  • Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso: Uma unegazi esithweni sakho (esimnyama noma esibomvu ngokumnyama), ukopha okubangelwa yi-rectal, noma ukukhathala okukhulu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
  • Phuza amanzi amaningi: Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela ukuqunjelwa ukuphuza izingilazi eziningana zamanzi ngosuku. Phuza amanzi amaningi ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

  • I-Magnesium Hydroxide (Ubisi lwe-Magnesia) umuthi osetshenziselwa ukuqunjelwa okwesikhashana. Awufanele ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
  • Uma unezimo ezifana nesifo sezinso, ubuhlungu besisu, noma isicanucanu, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha lo muthi.
  • Phuza amanzi amaningi ngenkathi uthatha umuthi. Ungaphuzi ngaphezu komthamo onqunyiwe.
  • Tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyithathayo. Uma uthatha eminye imithi, shiya igebe lamahora ama-2 phakathi kwayo.
  • Uma ukuqunjelwa kungathuthuki ngemva kwesonto lokusetshenziswa, noma uma kunezimpawu ezinkulu ezifana negazi esitulweni , bheka udokotela ngokushesha.
  • Uma unikeza izingane, qiniseka ukuthi unikeza kuphela umthamo onqunyiwe njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela.

Ukuqunjelwa, i-Magnesium Hydroxide, Ubisi lwe-Magnesia, isicanucanu, umuthi

👩🏽‍⚕️ Imibuzo eyengeziwe (ama-FAQ)

💬 Isetshenziselwani i-Magnesium Hydroxide / Ubisi lwe-Magnesia?

Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesidakamizwa sokuhlanza isisu 'sokuqunjelwa okukhulu'. Odokotela banikeza iziguli lolu ketshezi ukuze zelaphe ngokushesha ukuvuvukala kwesisu, igesi (ukugaya ukudla), i-gastritis kanye nesilungulela (i-antacid). Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Milk of Magnesia ngenxa yombala wayo wobisi/omhlophe.

💬 Ukuqeda kanjani ubuhlungu besisu kanye nokuqunjelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ngemva kokuthatha lo muthi?

Leli yikhemikhali elimangalisayo/elisebenzayo (i-Osmotic/Antacid)! Uma une-gastritis, isisu sakho sine-asidi eningi kakhulu. Njengoba lokhu kuyi-(alkaline), uma kungena esiswini, kuhlangana naleyo acid (HCl), kuyiguqula ngokushesha ibe amanzi ajwayelekile futhi kuqede ukuvuvukala/ukukhwehlela esiswini kungakapheli umzuzu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kungena emathunjini, kuyagcina (akumuncwa), kudonsele amanzi emzimbeni emathunjini njengesiponji, kuncibilikise indle eqinile, kuyikhulule, bese kuyikhipha.

💬 Ngisho noma lokhu kuphephile, yimiphi imiphumela emibi eyinhloko kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona ngokuqhubeka nokuphuza?

Umphumela omubi kakhulu walokhu 'uhudo olunzima kanye nokuqaqamba' uma umthamo unyuswa. Enye ingozi eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi 'abantu abanezinkinga zezinso/ubuthakathaka' akufanele baphuze lokhu nhlobo! Lapho izinso zonakele, 'iMagnesium' ekulokhu ayikwazi ukukhishwa emzimbeni, futhi umzimba wonke wesiguli uba ongenampilo/ucimekile (iMagnesium Toxicity / CNS Depression) futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ube yi-coma!

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.

Engeza amazwana akho

Sicela ubale: 7 + 3 =