Ingabe amadoda nawo angaba nomdlavuza webele? (Umdlavuza Webele Wabesilisa) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Uma sicabanga ngomdlavuza webele, sicabanga ngabesifazane, akunjalo? Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lesi yisifo esithinta abesifazane kuphela. Kodwa ubuwazi ukuthi amadoda angathola nomdlavuza webele (Umdlavuza Webele Wabesilisa). Yiqiniso, kuyinto engavamile. Cishe oyedwa kuphela kwabayi-100 abane-cancer yebele uyindoda. Kodwa, asikwazi ukukushaya indiva ngoba nje kuyivelakancane. Uma uthola iqhubu noma isimila esifubeni sakho, ungamane usilahle njengokuthi "O, lokhu akwenzeki kwabesilisa." Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhombisa noma yisiphi isimila esisolisayo kudokotela bese usihlola.

Uyini Umdlavuza Webele Wabesilisa?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza webele wabesilisa ulapho amangqamuzana asezicutshini zebele esifubeni sakho eqala ukukhula ngendlela engavamile futhi engalawuleki. Amadoda nawo anezicutshini zebele, njengabesifazane, kodwa ngobuningi obuncane. Kukulezi zicutshi lapho umdlavuza ungakhula khona.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lesi simo naseSri Lanka. Ngoba, ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yamahloni noma isimo sengqondo esingalungile sokuthi "luhlobo luni lomdlavuza webele kwabesilisa?", abantu abaningi bayalibala ukuya kudokotela ngisho noma benezimpawu. Lokhu kwandisa amathuba okuba lesi sifo sibe sibi kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele wabesilisa?

Lo mdlavuza uqala ezicutshini zebele esifubeni sakho. Amabele amadoda, njengawabesifazane, anezindlala ezincane ezikhiqiza ubisi (ama-lobule) kanye namapayipi amancane (amapayipi) athwala ubisi (uma ekhona) aye engonweni. Kodwa-ke, emadodeni, lawa awakhulu kangako, ngoba awadingi ukuncelisa. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esiningi, lo mdlavuza uqala ezingcotsheni. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• I-Ductal Carcinoma: Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lubangela cishe amacala angu-9 kwangu-10 omdlavuza webele wabesilisa. Kulolu hlobo, umdlavuza uqala emigudwini ethwala ubisi bese usakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zebele. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalolu hlobo:
• I-Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Umdlavuza uqala emigudwini bese usakazekela ezicutshini zebele ezizungezile.
• I-Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): Lokhu akuvamile kangako. Lapha, umdlavuza utholakala ngaphakathi kwemigudu futhi awukasabalali ngaphandle kwayo.

• I-Lobular Carcinoma: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala ezinhlangeni ezikhiqiza ubisi (ama-lobule). I-Invasive Lobular Carcinoma isho ukuthi isisabalale ezicutshini ezizungezile. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo aluvamile kwabesilisa, ngoba amadoda anama-lobule ambalwa kakhulu noma awanayo nhlobo.

Okubalulekile, amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi anezithonjana ezikhethekile ezifana 'nezithonjana'. Lapho ama-hormone athile ebopha kulezi zithonjana, amangqamuzana omdlavuza aqala ukuhlukana futhi akhule ngokushesha. Cabanga ngakho njengesihluthulelo sokuthola ingidi. Ezimweni eziningi zomdlavuza webele wabesilisa,Kukhona ama-receptor aphendula kuma-hormone i-estrogen ne-progesterone. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-invasive ductal carcinoma kwabesilisa yi-estrogen receptor-positive (ER+).

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza webele wabesilisa?

Ngokuvamile uphawu lokuqala luyiqhubu elingenabuhlungu, eliqinile ebeleni, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwengono . Ezinye izimpawu zingase zihlanganise:

• Iqhubu ekhwapheni.
• Isikhumba esifubeni siqinile, sinjengesikhumba esiphuzi, futhi sibukeka njengemigodi.
• Isikhumba esifubeni noma engcondweni siba bomvu futhi sibe namaqhubu.
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ukuqina esifubeni noma emakhwapheni.
• Uketshezi olucacile noma okuthile okufana negazi eliphuma engonweni, noma ingono ephendukezelwe.

Uma ubona into efana nale, ungacabangi nje ukuthi, “Lokhu kusanda kwenzeka.” Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izimbangela zomdlavuza webele wabesilisa?

Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, umdlavuza webele ubangelwa izinguquko ku-DNA, noma ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, emangqamuzaneni ebele. Lawa maseli aguqukile aqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki, ngaphandle kokufa. Ekugcineni, lawa maseli omdlavuza ahlangana ndawonye ukuze akhe amaqhubu. Ngezinye izikhathi, izingcezu zala maqhubu zingaqhekeka futhi zisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngesistimu ye-lymphatic noma egazini. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-metastatic.

Ososayensi basacwaninga ukuthi kungani amangqamuzana anempilo ephenduka amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Izinto Eziyingozi

Ezinye izinto zingase zandise ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza webele. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Ubudala: Ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo iyanda kancane njengoba ukhula. Umdlavuza webele wabesilisa uvame ukutholakala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-60. Lokho akusho ukuthi awubonakali kubantu abasebasha, kodwa ingozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Umlando womndeni wakho: Uma umama wakho, ubaba, umfowenu, udadewenu, noma ingane yakho ike yaba nomdlavuza webele noma umdlavuza wesibeletho, usengozini enkulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi eminye imidlavuza ingadluliselwa ngezakhi zofuzo.
• Izakhi zofuzo: Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele. Okuvame kakhulu kwalokhu yi-BRCA1 futhi ikakhulukazi i-BRCA2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko ku-gene ye-PTEN ku-Cowden syndrome, i-gene ye-TP53 ku-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, kanye ne-gene ye-MMR ku-Lynch syndrome nakho kungandisa ingozi.
• Ukwanda kwe-hormone ye-estrogen:Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njenge-cirrhosis yesibindi, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, noma isimo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Klinefelter syndrome, zingakhuphula amazinga e-estrogen emzimbeni. Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile nakho kungaba yimbangela.
• Izinkinga zamasende: Usengozini enkulu uma uke wahlinzwa wasusa elinye lamasende akho (orchiectomy), uma uke waba nokulimala kwamasende akho, noma uma unesifo esifana ne-orchitis, noma uma unamasende angakakhuli.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Uma uke welashwa ngemisebe esifubeni ngaphambilini, ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza webele inganda.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi une-genetic mutation eyandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza webele noma wesibeletho, lokho kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi une-BRCA2 gene mutation. Lokhu kuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungabangela hhayi umdlavuza webele kuphela, kodwa futhi nomdlavuza wesikhumba (i-melanoma), umdlavuza we-pancreatic, kanye nomdlavuza we-prostate.

Udokotela angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ukuhlolwa kofuzo kulungile yini kuwe.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Uma ubona udokotela, uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nezici eziyingozi. Ngemuva kwalokho bazokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuthola ukuthi unomdlavuza webele wabesilisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwebele: Udokotela uzothinta izicubu zebele lakho bese ehlola noma yiziphi izinguquko zesikhumba, amaqhubu, noma ezinye izinkinga.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: I-mammogram ingabona iningi lomdlavuza webele emadodeni. Lokhu kuthatha i-X-ray yebele. Ngezinye izikhathi i-ultrasound ingenziwa ngaphambi noma ngemva kwe-mammogram ukuze kufundwe kabanzi ngeqhubu.
• I-Biopsy: Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqiniseka . Udokotela uthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu eqhubu noma endaweni esolisayo bese eyithumela elabhorethri ukuze ibheke ngaphansi kwe-microscope amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Elabhorethri, odokotela bezifo bahlola isampula yezicubu ukuze babone ukuthi inamangqamuzana omdlavuza yini, nokuthi inawo yini ama-hormone receptors okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili, nokuthi inawo yini ama-HER2 receptor (iphrotheni esiza ukukhula komdlavuza). Lolu lwazi luzosiza kakhulu udokotela wakho ekuhleleni ukwelashwa kwakho.

Izigaba zomdlavuza webele wabesilisa

Uma umdlavuza usuqinisekisiwe, odokotela bazonquma "isigaba" sawo. Lokhu kusho ukubheka ubukhulu nendawo yesimila ukuze babone ukuthi sisakazeke kangakanani nokuthi sibucayi kangakanani. Kuleli qophelo, ungase ube nezinye izivivinyo "zokuthwebula izithombe", kanye ne-"sentinel node biopsy". Lokhu kuhilela ukususa i-lymph node eyodwa noma ngaphezulu eduze kwesimila ukuze kuhlolwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Izigaba eziyinhloko zomdlavuza webele wabesilisa yilezi:

• Isigaba 0: Amaseli omdlavuza angaphakathi kwemigudu yamabele kuphela. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.
• Isigaba I: Isimila sincane futhi asikasabalali siye kuma-lymph node.
• Isigaba II: Isimila sikhulu kancane kunesigaba I. Kungenzeka ukuthi sisakazekele kuma-lymph node amaningana e-axillary.
• Isigaba sesi-3: Umdlavuza ususakazeke kuma-lymph node amaningana, isimila singase sibe sikhulu, futhi amangqamuzana omdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi asesakazeke odongeni lwesifuba noma esikhumbeni.
• Isigaba IV: Amaseli omdlavuza asakazekele ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba. Kumdlavuza webele wabesilisa, izindawo ezivame kakhulu zokusabalala kwawo amathambo, amaphaphu nesibindi .

Umdlavuza webele wabesilisa welashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza nokuthi ususakazeke kangakanani (isigaba). Kungase kudingeke ukuthi kwenziwe ukwelashwa okuningana ochungechungeni. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lokhu ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukwelashwa okuvamile kakhulu komdlavuza webele wabesilisa osesigabeni sokuqala ukuhlinzwa. Ngokuvamile, lonke ibele liyasuswa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-mastectomy . Ngezinye izikhathi, kwenziwa i-lumpectomy, esusa isimila kuphela, kodwa kwabesilisa, i-mastectomy iyona evame kakhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa "i-radical mastectomy". Kulokhu, kususwa yonke izicubu zesifuba, ama-lymph node asekhwapheni, kanye nengxenye yemisipha yesifuba. Kodwa manje okuvame kakhulu yi-"modified radical mastectomy." Kulokhu, izicubu zemisipha azisuswa, futhi kususwa nenani elincane lama-lymph node.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza webele kusebenzisa i-X-ray noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa ngemva kokususwa kwe-lumpectomy ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungabulala amangqamuzana amancane omdlavuza aseduze nodonga lwesifuba noma isikhumba futhi angeke asuswe ngokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kwezimila futhi.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ekhethekile ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni wonke. Kuma-tumors asendaweni (angenawo amanxeba), ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunganikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila. Noma, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunganikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ngokwelashwa ngemisebe ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokubuya kwesimila noma umdlavuza usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kwelashwa akunikezwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa kunikezwa ngokulandelana.

Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone

Uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza esebenzisa ama-hormone afana ne-estrogen ukuze akhule, odokotela basebenzisa ukwelashwa kwama-hormone ukuze banciphise amazinga e-estrogen noma bavimbele imiphumela yawo. I-Tamoxifen umuthi ovame ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza webele wabesilisa. Futhi, imithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-aromatase inhibitors, uma ihlanganiswa nama-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, ingamisa ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza okubangelwa ama-hormone.

Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe

Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kusebenza ngokuphazamisa izinqubo ezithile ezisiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba akhule. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Isibonelo, okunye ukwelashwa kusebenza kuphela kumdlavuza webele one-hormone receptors. Kukhona futhi ukwelashwa, njenge-PARP inhibitors, kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ane-BRCA gene mutation.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uneqhubu elingachazeki esifubeni sakho elingapheli ngemva kwamasonto amabili, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Futhi, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki umdlavuza.

Kwenzekani uma nginomdlavuza webele wabesilisa? (Isibikezelo)

Uhlobo lomdlavuza kanye nesigaba okuso kuthinta kakhulu inkambo yesifo sakho, okungukuthi, isibikezelo. Uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi, izinga lokwelapha liphezulu kakhulu.

Ucwaningo lwamuva nje luthole ukuthi izinga lokufa kwabesilisa abanomdlavuza webele (osabela kuma-hormone - uhlobo lwe-`HR+`) ngesigaba somdlavuza laliyi: Phakathi neminyaka engama-20 yokutholakala kwesifo:

• Isigaba I: 12.4% bafe ngenxa yomdlavuza webele.
• Isigaba II: 26.2% bafe ngenxa yomdlavuza webele.
• Isigaba III: 46% bashone ngenxa yomdlavuza webele.

Ngeshwa, amadoda amaningi ayaphuza ukuya kudokotela. Ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi etholakala ukuthi unesifo, umdlavuza usuvele usuthuthukile, okwenza kube nzima ukwelapha.

Yingakho sithi, uma ubona noma yisiphi isigaxa esingajwayelekile ebeleni lakho, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Amadoda amaningi acabanga ukuthi awanawo umdlavuza webele. Ngakho-ke angase angaziboni izimpawu. Kodwa amadoda ayawuthola umdlavuza webele.Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungasindisa impilo yakho. Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza webele, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokuwuthola kusenesikhathi.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sifingqe ezinye zezinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• Amadoda nawo angaba nomdlavuza webele. Nakuba ungavamile, ungawushayi indiva.
• Iqhubu elingenabuhlungu ebeleni, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwengono, kungaba uphawu olukhulu. Bheka futhi amaqhubu ekhwapheni, izinguquko zesikhumba, kanye nokuphuma koketshezi emabeleni.
• Ingozi iphakeme uma othile emndenini wakho enomlando womdlavuza webele, uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala, noma uma unezimo ezithile zofuzo (i-BRCA).
• Uma unokungabaza, ungabi namahloni futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha. Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-mammogram kanye ne-biopsy kungaqinisekisa lesi sifo.
• Uma ibanjwa kusenesikhathi, amathuba okwelashwa aphezulu kakhulu! Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha, njengokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, i-chemotherapy, kanye nokwelashwa ngama-hormone.

Ukuqaphela lokhu kungenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yakho kanye nakwabanye abantu besilisa obaziyo. Hlala uphilile!

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