Uma ucabanga ngesifuba sakho, yini efika engqondweni yakho? Isikhathi esiningi, yinhliziyo namaphaphu akho, akunjalo? Kuyiqiniso lokho. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi phakathi kwamaphaphu akho, phakathi nendawo yesifuba sakho, kukhona isikhala esikhethekile lapho inhliziyo yakho, kanye nezinye izitho eziningi ezibalulekile kanye nemithambo yegazi, kutholakala khona? Kwezokwelapha, lesi sikhala sibizwa ngokuthi i-mediastinum. Sifana nendawo ematasa kakhulu, ebalulekile emzimbeni wethu. Ake sixoxe ngakho kafushane namuhla.
Iyini ngempela i-mediastinum?
Kalula nje, i-mediastinum ayisona isitho, iyindawo. Ukuze kube sobala, iyingxenye yesifuba sakho. Cabanga ngesifuba sakho njengendlu enamakamelo amathathu. Igumbi elilodwa liqukethe iphaphu lesobunxele, kanti elinye igumbi liqukethe iphaphu lesokudla. Isikhala esiphakathi kwala makamelo amabili, esifana negumbi lokuphumula, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-mediastinum.
Lesi sikhala siqala phezulu kwesifuba siye phansi, okungukuthi, kusukela phansi kwentamo kuya ku-diaphragm, kanye nokusuka e-sternum ngaphambili kuya emgogodleni ngemuva. Ngakho-ke lesi akusona nje isikhala esingenalutho, kodwa yindawo evikela izinto eziningi ezibalulekile empilweni yethu.
Yini engaphakathi kwale mediastinum?
Kunezinto eziningi kulesi sikhala. Ake sizihlukanise zibe izingxenye ezimbalwa.
Izitho ezibalulekile kanye nezakhiwo
Kulesi sikhala kunezitho eziningana ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.
| Isitho/Isakhiwo | Okufanele ukwenze nje |
|---|---|
| Inhliziyo | Injini yethu eyinhloko epompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Itholakala phakathi kwe-mediastinum. Izungezwe ulwelwesi oluvikelayo (i-pericardium). |
| Umphimbo | Ipayipi elithwala ukudla esikudlayo nesikuphuzayo lisuka emphinjeni liye esiswini. Lidlula nakuyi-mediastinum. |
| I-Trachea | Umphimbo oyinhloko othwala umoya esiwuphefumulayo uye emaphashini. Utholakala phambi komhubhe. |
| I-Thymus gland (i-Thymus) | Indlala esiza amasosha omzimba ethu. Isebenza kakhulu lapho sisebancane. Itholakala engxenyeni engenhla, engaphambili ye-mediastinum. |
Izitsha Ezinkulu
Imithambo yegazi emikhulu kakhulu exhuma enhliziyweni, okungukuthi, leyo eletha igazi enhliziyweni futhi ithwale igazi, nayo itholakala ngaphakathi kwale mediastinum.
- I-Aorta: Umthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni. Uthwala igazi elihlanzekile (elinomoya-mpilo) lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke.
- I-Superior Vena Cava: Iletha igazi elingcolile lisuka engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba ( ekhanda , entanyeni, ezingalweni) liye enhliziyweni.
- Isiqu Sephaphu: Sithwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini ukuze lithole umoya-mpilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuneminye imithambo yegazi eminingi ebalulekile kule ndawo.
Izinto ezengeziwe
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinto eziyinhloko,
- Ama-lymph node
- Imizwa
- Lesi sikhala sigcwele nezinto ezifana nezicubu ezinamafutha kanye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo.
Ngakho-ke uyini umsebenzi we-mediastinum?
Lokhu kunemisebenzi eminingana eyinhloko.
1. Ukuba yindlu ephephile: Kalula nje, lokhu kufana nendlu ephephile yenhliziyo, imithambo yegazi emikhulu, kanye nemigudu yokuphefumula. Kusiza ukugcina lezi zitho zihlangene futhi zihlelekile.
2. Ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa: Izicubu ezinamafutha kanye nezicubu ezixhumene kulesi sikhala zihlinzeka ngokuvikela okuhle kwezitho zangaphakathi. Futhi, ithambo lesifuba (i-sternum) elingaphambili livikela lezi zitho ezibalulekile ekushayweni kwangaphandle.
3. Ukuba yisikhungo sokuthutha: Lena yindawo enkulu yokuhlangana, njengeColombo Fort. Konke okusuka endaweni eyodwa emzimbeni wethu kuya kwenye kudlula kulesi sikhala. Isibonelo, ukudla neziphuzo kuhamba kusukela emphinjeni kuya esiswini nge-esophagus, edlula nge-mediastinum. Ngokufanayo, imizwa nemithambo yegazi kuhamba kusukela entanyeni kuya esifubeni, futhi kusukela esifubeni kuya esiswini, ngale ndawo.
Ingabe odokotela bahlukanisa le mediastinum ngezigaba?
Yebo. Ukuze bathole indawo eqondile yenkinga, odokotela bahlukanisa lesi sikhala esibizwa ngokuthi i-mediastinum sibe yizingxenye ezincane. Indlela yesimanje esetshenziswayo njengamanje ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ezintathu ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-three-dimensional (3D) njenge-CT scans.
| Ingxenye | Indawo kanye nokuqukethwe |
|---|---|
| Ingxenye ye-Prevascular | Ingxenye ephambi kwenhliziyo, ngemuva kwethambo lesifuba. I-thymus gland, ama-lymph node, kanye nezicubu ezinamafutha zitholakala lapha. |
| Ingxenye ephakathi (engaphakathi) | Iqukethe izinto ezifana nenhliziyo kanye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu ehlobene nayo, i-trachea, kanye nengxenye yomphimbo. |
| Ingxenye yangemuva (i-Paravertebral) | Ingxenye engemuva kwenhliziyo naphambi komgogodla. Yilapho kukhona khona imizwa nezicubu ezithambile. |
Ngokukhuluma ngakho ngezingxenye ezinjengalezi, kuyasiza kakhulu odokotela ukuqagela ukuthi isimila noma enye inkinga ikuphi nokuthi singaba hlobo luni.
Yiziphi izimo ezithinta i-mediastinum?
Kunezimo eziningi ezingathinta lesi sikhala esibalulekile. Ezinye zingaqala ku-mediastinum uqobo (isib. amathumba), kanti ezinye zingaqala kwenye indawo futhi zisakazeke lapha (isib. umdlavuza).
- Izimila ze-mediastinal: Izimila ezivela ezicutshini ezikulesi sikhala. Lezi zingaba umdlavuza noma zingabi umdlavuza.
- I-Mediastinitis: Ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala kule ndawo.
- I-Lymphoma: Uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela kuma-lymph node.
- Izifo ze-aorta: Izimo eziyingozi njengokuvuvukala kwe-aorta (i-Thoracic aortic aneurysm) noma ukudabuka odongeni lwayo (ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Aorta).
- Umdlavuza we-Esophageal
- I-tamponade yenhliziyo: Uketshezi luqongelela esikhwameni esizungeze inhliziyo, okubangela ingcindezi enhliziyweni.
Kuyini 'i-Widened Mediastinum'?
Wake wawubona umbiko we-X-ray yesifuba othi "i-mediastinum ebanzi"? Lokhu akubhekiseli esifweni. Kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi udokotela ubona ku-X-ray.Lokho kusho ukuthi i-mediastinum ibonakala ibanzi kunokujwayelekile.
Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Kungabangelwa inkinga eshiwo ngenhla ye-aorta, isimila, ukutheleleka, noma ngisho nokulimala kwesifuba. Uma into efana nale ibonwa, udokotela uzoyala ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, njenge-CT scan, ukuthola imbangela eqondile.
Ungayigcina kanjani i-mediastinum iphilile?
Ngenxa yokuthi i-mediastinum iyindawo, ukuyigcina iphilile kusho ukugcina izitho ezingaphakathi kwayo ziphilile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela inhliziyo yakho nemithambo yegazi.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Ukubhema kuyingozi kakhulu enhliziyweni, emithanjeni yegazi nasemaphashini.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Yidla ukudla okunamafutha amancane, usawoti, noshukela, kanye nezithelo nemifino eminingi.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuzivocavoca.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
- Sebenzisa imithi oyinikezwe njengoba nje uyalelwe (isib. yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol).
- Hlola udokotela okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
Ukwenza lezi zinto kunganciphisa ingozi yezimo eziningi ezithinta i-mediastinum.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-mediastinum akuyona isitho, kodwa yindawo ebalulekile esifubeni sakho phakathi kwamaphaphu akho.
- Izinto eziningi ezibalulekile empilweni, njengenhliziyo yakho, imithambo yegazi emikhulu, i-trachea, kanye ne-esophagus, zivikelwe ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhala.
- Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-mediastinum ukuhlinzeka ngekhaya eliphephile lalezi zitho kanye nendlela yokuhamba yezinto ezibalulekile.
- 'I-mediastinum ebanzi' iwuphawu olubonakala ku-X-ray, hhayi isifo. Kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuthola imbangela.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina le ndawo iphilile iwukuba nendlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo. Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho.
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