Wake wazibuza ukuthi singaphefumula kanjani ngaphandle kokuma ngesikhathi silele? Noma ukuthi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu likhuphuka kanjani lapho sigijima, bese sibuyela esimweni esijwayelekile lapho siphumula? Kukhona iqhawe elincane, kodwa elinamandla kakhulu ebuchosheni bethu elilawula izinto eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu ezenzeka emzimbeni wethu, ngaphandle kokuthi siqaphele. Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla. Igama lakhe yiMedulla Oblongata .
Iyini le Medulla Oblongata?
Kalula nje, i-medulla oblongata iyingxenye yesistimu yakho yobuchopho . Cabanga ngobuchopho bethu njengehhovisi elikhulu lenkampani enkulu. Umgogodla wethu ufana nomgwaqo omkhulu othwala ulwazi oluvela kulelo hhovisi elikhulu oluya ezweni lonke. I-medulla oblongata iyindawo enkulu yokuhlangana, noma isikhungo sokulawula esikhulu , esixhumanisa lelo hhovisi elikhulu nomgwaqo omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, ingabizwa ngokuthi indawo ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa.
Njengoba nje isendaweni yayo, umsebenzi ewenzayo nawo ubaluleke kakhulu. Eqinisweni, yiyo eyenza imisebenzi eminingana ngasese ebalulekile ekusindeni kwethu.
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-medulla?
Nakuba i-medulla incane, umsebenzi ewenzayo awuncane. Isebenza njengohlelo lokuhlola oluzenzakalelayo lomzimba wethu. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinto eziyinhloko ezenzayo.
| Umsebenzi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukulawulwa kwenhliziyo, ukujikeleza kwegazi, kanye nokuphefumula | Ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, umfutho wegazi, kanye nesivinini ophefumula ngaso kulawulwa lapha. Akudingeki ucabange ukuthi, "Inhliziyo, shaya manje." Konke kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenxa ye-medulla. |
| Okunye ukulawula isenzo okuzenzakalelayo | Ilawula izinto eziningi esizenzayo singazi. Isibonelo, ukukhwehlela, ukuthimula, ukugwinya, ukuhlanza, nokugcina ibhalansi. Ngumyalo osinikezwa yiwo osenza sikhwehlele uma sibhajwe kancane ekudleni, futhi ngumyalo osenza sithimele lapho uthuli lungena emakhaleni ethu. |
| Ukuba yisikhungo sezinzwa | Iningi lezimpawu zemizwa eziya futhi zibuya ebuchosheni zihamba ngale medulla. Kuma-pair angu-12 amakhulu emizwa ekhanda lethu, amane axhumene ngqo nale medulla. |
| Indawo Yokuwela | Lokhu kuyinto exakile kakhulu. Iningi lezinzwa ezilawula ukunyakaza kwemizimba yethu liwela ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye (crisscross) endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi "amaphiramidi" ku-medulla. Yingakho lapho uhlangothi lwesobunxele lobuchopho bethu lonakele (isibonelo, ngenxa yokushaya kwesifo sohlangothi), uhlangothi lwesokudla lomzimba wethu lulahlekelwa amandla. Futhi lapho uhlangothi lwesokudla lobuchopho lonakele, uhlangothi lwesobunxele lomzimba wethu lulahlekelwa amandla. Indawo eyinhloko lapho lokhu kuwela kwenzeka khona yi-medulla. |
Imizwa Yekhanda (Imizwa Ekhethekile) exhumanisa ne-medulla
Kunezimbili eziyinhloko zemizwa ekhanda lethu. Lezi sizibiza ngokuthi izinzwa ze-cranial . Ezine zalezi zimbili zidlula ku-medulla. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini nokuthi iyini imisebenzi yazo.
| I-Cranial Nerve (CN) | Umsebenzi ewenzayo |
|---|---|
| I-CN IX (inzwa yesi-9) | Lokhu kuhilelekile ezintweni eziningi emilonyeni yethu. Izinto ezifana nokuvuselela izindlala zamathe, ukuzwa ukunambitheka nokuthinta ngaphakathi emlonyeni, kanye nokulawula i-gag reflex esenza sivaleleke lapho okuthile kubhajwa emphinjeni wethu. Lo mzwelo uyasivikela futhi. |
| I-CN X (inzwa yeshumi - i-Vagus Nerve) | Lona umuzwa okhethekile kakhulu, ophakeme kakhulu. Siwubiza nangokuthi i-Vagus Nerve . Uxhumeke ezithweni eziningi ezinkulu kusukela entanyeni kuya emathunjini. Uphatha izimpawu zezinto eziningi esingazicabangi (imisebenzi yokuzimela), njengokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu kanye nokunyakaza kwamathumbu. Uthumela izimpawu emisipheni esisisiza ukugwinya nokukhuluma. |
| I-CN XI (inzwa ye-11) | Lo mthambo ulawula imisipha entanyeni nasemahlombe akho. Ukusiza ukuthi uphendule ikhanda lakho kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye futhi uphakamise amahlombe akho. |
| I-CN XII (inzwa ye-12) | Lo mthambo ulawula imisipha esiza ukuthi sikhiphe ulimi lwethu, ukuze singakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukugwinya ngaphandle kwalo mthambo. |
Iyiphi indawo, ukubukeka, kanye nosayizi we-medulla?
Ikuphi i-medulla?
I-medulla itholakala phansi kobuchopho bethu. Ngokukhethekile, itholakala lapho ubuchopho buxhuma khona nomgogodla ngembobo enkulu (i-foramen magnum) phansi kwekhanda lethu. Ngaphezulu nje kwayo kunenye ingxenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi ama-pons .
Ukubukeka nosayizi
Lokhu kuvame ukuba ngesimo se-funnel, noma ithubhu. Kubanzi phezulu futhi kuyancipha kancane phansi.
Ngokumangalisayo, naphezu kokwenza imisebenzi eminingi kangaka ebalulekile, i-medulla oblongata incane kakhulu. Ingamasentimitha amathathu kuphela (cishe amasentimitha angu-1.1) ubude. Okusho ukuthi, incane kunobude belungu elingaphezulu lozwane lwethu olukhulu!
Futhi inesisindo esincane kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-medulla inesisindo esingaba ngu-0.5% wesisindo sobuchopho bomuntu omdala.
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta i-medulla oblongata?
Uma le ngxenye encane yonakele, ingaba nomthelela omkhulu. Kunezimo eziningana ezinkulu zezokwelapha ezingathinta i-medulla.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Isifo sohlangothi singenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi ku-medulla uvaleka noma uqhuma. Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu nesibucayi esithinta i-medulla.
- Ukulimala Kobuchopho Obubuhlungu: Uma ushayeka kakhulu ekhanda engozini, i-medulla nayo ingalimala ngaphezu kobuchopho.
- Umdlavuza:Izimila zobuchopho zingabangela izinkinga ngokucindezela noma ukukhula eduze kwe-medulla.
- Ama-Aneurysms: Imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni iba buthakathaka futhi ikhukhumale njengebhaluni, okungaqhuma futhi kulimaze i-medulla.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo ezingavamile zezinzwa njenge- Multiple System Atrophy nazo zingathinta ukusebenza kwe-medulla.
Amagama akhethekile okushaywa yi-medulla
Odokotela basebenzisa ngisho namagama akhethekile ukuchaza imivimbo ethinta izingxenye ezahlukene ze-medulla.
- I-Wallenberg Syndrome: Isimo esivamile sohlangothi esibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwegazi odongeni oluseceleni lwe-medulla.
- I-Dejerine Syndrome: Isimo esibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwegazi engxenyeni ephakathi ye-medulla.
Izimpawu ezingase zivele ngenxa yenkinga nge-medulla
Uma kunenkinga nge-medulla, izimpawu zivame ukufana nezokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Kodwa okukhethekile ukuthi ezinye izimpawu zingavela kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba kanti ezinye izimpawu zingavela kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba. Lokho kungenxa yokuhlangana kwezinzwa esikhulume ngakho ngaphambilini.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezingabonakala yilezi:
- Izimpawu ezivamile zesifo sohlangothi (isib., ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, ukungazweli engalweni, ubunzima bokukhuluma).
- Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, i-ataxia .
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu , isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
- Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia) .
- Ukuhosha noma ukushintsha kwezwi (i-Dysphonia).
- Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa wokushisa noma ubuhlungu engxenyeni yobuso noma yomzimba.
- Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungalawulwa (i-Nystagmus) .
- Ukukhubazeka kwezingxenye ezahlukene zobuso noma zomzimba.
- Izinkinga zokubona.
Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ngokuzumayo ehlangabezana nesinye salezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) esibhedlela ngokushesha . Ngoba esimweni esifana nesifo sohlangothi, isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu.
Uhlola kanjani impilo ye-medulla?
Uma udokotela esola inkinga nge-medulla, kunezivivinyo eziningana zokuqinisekisa lokho.
- I-CT scan (i-Computerized Tomography scan): Ukuthatha izithombe zobuchopho ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini okukhona, njengokuphuma kwegazi.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ukuze uthole izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane zezicubu zobuchopho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni izimo zohlangothi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlola ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Ukuthepha Komgogodla:Ukuhlola uketshezi oluzungeze umgogodla ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini izimpawu zokutheleleka.
Siyinakekela kanjani i-medulla yethu?
Kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuze sinakekele leli qhawe elincane. Empeleni lezi zinhle empilweni yethu iyonke.
1. Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba, ikakhulukazi i-vitamin B12, kungathinta impilo yobuchopho. Ngakho-ke yidla ukudla okuhle okuhlanganisa imifino eluhlaza, imifino nezithelo.
2. Hlala umatasa, gcina isisindo esinempilo: Izinkinga ngohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi kanye nenhliziyo zithinta ngqo ubuchopho. Isifo sohlangothi siyisibonelo esihle salokhu. Ngakho-ke, unganciphisa ingozi yesifo sohlangothi ngokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke nokulawula isisindo sakho. Ukulawula izifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nesifo sikashukela nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
3. Gqoka izimpahla zokuphepha: Gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela njalo uma ugibela isithuthuthu. Uma uhileleke kweminye imidlalo noma imisebenzi engabangela ukulimala ekhanda, sebenzisa izimpahla zokuphepha ezifanele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela ubuchopho nomgogodla ekulimaleni ekhanda.
Manje cishe uyaqonda ukuthi le medulla oblongata ibaluleke kangakanani empilweni yethu. Iyisikhungo esiyinhloko sokudlulisa izimpawu zemizwa emzimbeni wethu, kanye nomlawuli ozenzakalelayo ogcina impilo yethu iqhubeka. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekela ubuchopho bethu bonke kanye nesimiso sezinzwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela leli qhawe elincane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Medulla Oblongata iyingxenye encane yesistimu yethu yobuchopho ebalulekile ekulondolozeni impilo.
- I-medulla ilawula imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo njengokuphefumula kwethu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nomfutho wegazi.
- Lena yindawo eyinhloko lapho kwenzeka khona ukugoqana kwezinzwa, okubangela ukuthi uhlangothi lwesobunxele lobuchopho bethu lulawule uhlangothi lwesokudla lomzimba wethu, kanye nohlangothi lwesokudla lobuchopho bethu lulawule uhlangothi lwesobunxele lomzimba wethu.
- Ukulimala kwe-medulla kuyisimo esibi kakhulu, futhi isifo sohlangothi singenye yezimo eziyinhloko ezisithintayo.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi ngokuzumayo (ukubuna kobuso, ukungazweli, ubunzima bokukhuluma), hamba uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba) kanye nokuvikelwa ekulimaleni ekhanda kungasiza ekugcineni impilo ye-medulla oblongata.
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