Igama elithi "ingcindezi" livame ukulizwa emakhaya ethu, phakathi kwezihlobo, nalapho sikhuluma nabangani. Kwabanye, umfutho wegazi wabo ungase ukhuphuke ngenxa yesifo esifana nesifo sikashukela. Kodwa uyazi, kubantu abaningi, akunakwenzeka ukusho ngqo ukuthi kungani umfutho wegazi wabo ukhuphuka. Ngokufanayo, umfutho wegazi ophezulu owenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile futhi ubangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezici eziningana yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme kwezokwelapha. Esikhathini esidlule, lokhu kwakubizwa nangokuthi `(Umfutho wegazi ophakeme obalulekile)`. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula nangendlela ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Primary Hypertension?
Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho umfutho wegazi lakho uphakeme kunojwayelekile ngaphandle kwesimo esibonakalayo esiyisisekelo. Umfutho wegazi womuntu ophilile kufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-120/80 mmHg. Uma elilodwa noma womabili la manani ephakeme njalo kunaleli zinga, kusho ukuthi umfutho wegazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yakho uphakeme kakhulu. Ku-Primary Hypertension, ngoba akukho imbangela eyodwa, sithi kuyisimo esibangelwa yizinto eziningi.
Kungani kufanele sikhathazeke kangaka ngalokhu?
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme uvamile. Kodwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki ufana nombulali othule. Kancane kancane ulimaza imithambo yegazi ebucayi emzimbeni wakho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo monakalo unganqwabelana futhi uholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu nezisongela ukuphila.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi eziningi zalezi zinkinga ziza ngaphandle kwesixwayiso kusengaphambili. Yingakho kubalulekile ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho.
Nazi ezinye zezimo eziyingozi ezingavela kulokhu:
- I-aneurysm yobuchopho: Umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni ungaba buthaka futhi uvuvuke njengebhaluni bese uqhuma.
- I-Dementia: Inkumbulo nekhono lokucabanga liyalahleka kancane kancane ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni.
- Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo: Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi enikeza inhliziyo.
- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Isimo lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi elanele emzimbeni.
- Isifo sezinso: Izinso zingase zonakale, inqubo yokuhlunga imfucuza yomzimba ingase ime, futhi kungase kudingeke ukuthi uhlolwe nge-dialysis impilo yakho yonke.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka kakhulu ngokuzumayo futhi ubangele ukulimala kwezitho zomzimba.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Ukulahlekelwa ukuphila engxenyeni yomzimba ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni.
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono: Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi ebucayi esweni kungaholela ekulimaleni kokubona ngisho nokungaboni.
Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi ezithinta lesi simo?
Nakuba kungekho imbangela eyodwa yomfutho wegazi ophakeme oyinhloko, kunezinto eziningi eziyingozi ezingayithinta. Ezinye zalezi zinto singazishintsha. Ezinye izinto esingenakuzilawula. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi.
| Isici Sengozi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuguga | Ngokuvamile, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 basengozini enkulu. Njengoba sikhula, ukuguquguquka kwemithambo yegazi yethu kuyancipha. |
| Isifo sikashukela | Abantu abanesifo sikashukela basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola umfutho wegazi ophakeme. |
| Usawoti omningi ekudleni | Usawoti, amasoso, izinhlanzi ezomisiwe, kanye nokudla okulula esikudlayo kugcwele i-sodium. Lezi zinto zenza umzimba ugcine amanzi futhi zikhuphule umfutho wegazi. |
| Ukweqisa i-caffeine | Ukuphuza ikhofi eningi, itiye, kanye neziphuzo ezibandayo kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi okwesikhashana. |
| Umlando womndeni | Uma umama wakho, ubaba, noma izingane zakini zinokucindezeleka, nawe usengozini yokuba nakho. |
| Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile | Njengoba isisindo somzimba sikhula, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yomfutho wegazi ophakeme. |
| Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala | Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kuthinta ngqo umfutho wegazi. |
| Ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga | Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi, ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa usuku lonke ngaphandle kokuvivinya umzimba, kunomthelela ekucindezelekeni. |
| Izinkinga zokulala | Uma unezinkinga ezifana nokungalali kahle, kungaba nomthelela ekucindezelekeni kwegazi okuphezulu. |
Lokhu kuhluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlobo zokucindezela?
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Lolu uhlobo esikhuluma ngalo. Akukho sizathu esisodwa salokhu.
2. Umfutho Wegazi Owesibili: Kulesi simo, kunesizathu esicacile sokwenyuka komfutho wegazi. Okusho ukuthi, ukwenyuka komfutho wegazi kwenzeka njengomphumela wesinye isimo sezokwelapha noma umuthi.
Izinto ezingabangela umfutho wegazi ophezulu wesibili yilezi:
- Isifo sezinso
- Isifo se-thyroid
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (i-preeclampsia)
- Ukuphefumula kobuthongo okuvimbelayo
- Izifo ze-adrenal gland
- Ezinye izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ubuhlungu (ama-NSAID)
Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu angaba nazo zombili izinhlobo zomfutho wegazi ophakeme ndawonye. Isibonelo, uma umuntu onomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokuzumayo eba nokwanda okukhulu komfutho wegazi, udokotela uzofuna imbangela entsha yomfutho wegazi ophakeme wesibili.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Asikwazi yini ukwazi kusengaphambili?
Yilapho ingozi ikhona khona. I-Primary Hypertension ayibonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zayo zokuqala. Ungalimaza imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Yingakho siyibiza ngokuthi "Umbulali Othule."
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye izimpawu ziqala ukuvela ngenxa yomonakalo emithanjeni yegazi.
| Izimpawu ezingaba khona | Kusho ukuthini lokhu? |
|---|---|
| Igazi emchameni (i-hematuria) | Kungaba uphawu lokuthi izinso ziyalimala. |
| Umbono ofiphele | Uphawu lokuthi imithambo yegazi esweni iyalimala. |
| Ubuhlungu besifuba nobunzima bokuphefumula | Isexwayiso sokuthi inhliziyo iyathinteka. |
| Isiyezi kanye nokuquleka | Kungabangelwa ukungalingani kokunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni. |
| Ukukhathala okuvamile | Kungabangelwa ukuthi inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima kakhulu. |
| Ukopha ekhaleni | Uphawu olungavela ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme kakhulu. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu | Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ekuseni, lingase lihlobane nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. |
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, sicela ubonane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu ngqo?
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme utholakala ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho uphakeme nokuthi akukho sizathu 'sesibili' (njengesifo sezinso) esiwuthintayo.
Indlela yokuhlola ingcindezi
Udokotela ulinganisa umfutho wegazi lakho ngokubeka i-cuff ezungeze ingalo yakho bese eyifutha. Lokhu kunikeza amanani amabili.
- Umfutho we-Systolic (inombolo ephezulu): Lokhu kulinganisa umfutho ophezulu ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yakho lapho inhliziyo yakho ishaya futhi ipompa igazi.
- Ingcindezi ye-Diastolic (inombolo engezansi):Lokhu kulinganisa ingcindezi encane ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi lapho inhliziyo iphumule phakathi kokushaya kwenhliziyo okubili.
Awukwazi ukusho ukuthi unomfutho wegazi ophezulu ngoba nje umfutho wegazi wakho uphakeme kanye. Udokotela uzokala umfutho wegazi wakho izinsuku eziningana futhi ngezikhathi eziningana ukuze afinyelele esiphethweni.
Ingabe kudingeka ezinye izivivinyo?
Uma umfutho wegazi wakho uphakeme njalo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi ube nokuqapha umfutho wegazi ohambahambayo amahora angama-24 . Lokhu kuhilela ukugqoka idivayisi encane okhalweni lwakho kanye ne-cuff enamathiselwe engalweni yakho amahora angama-24 ngosuku. Le divayisi ilinganisa umfutho wegazi lakho ngezikhathi ezithile, ngisho nalapho usebenza noma ulele. Ekupheleni kosuku, ungalinganisa lokhu kufundwa ukuze unqume ukuthi une-high blood pressure ngempela.
Iphathwa kanjani? Yini okufanele siyenze?
Kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme oyinhloko. Lezi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila kanye nemithi. Zombili zidinga ukuthathwa ndawonye.
1. Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuthatha imithi. Uma wenza lezi zinguquko ngendlela efanele, ungase ukwazi ukunciphisa umthamo wemithi, noma ngisho nokulawula umfutho wegazi lakho ngaphandle kwemithi.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Yenza okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca ngosuku, njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili.
- Yeka ukubhema: Uma ubhema, yeka namuhla. Ukubhema kuyingozi kakhulu emithanjeni yegazi.
- Ukugwema utshwala nezidakamizwa: Kungcono ukuzigwema ngokuphelele.
- Ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo:
- Nciphisa usawoti: Yeka ngokuphelele ukufaka usawoti ekudleni kwakho nokudla ukudla okunosawoti omningi (amasosi, i-ketchup, inhlanzi eyomisiwe, amasosishi, ukudla okulula).
- Nciphisa uwoyela noshukela: Nciphisa ukudla okuthosiwe, ukudla okumnandi, kanye nokudla okubhakiwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Imifino, izithelo, namakhambi: Faka okunye kwalokhu ekudleni kwakho.
- Ukulala kahle: Ukulala kahle amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi.
2. Imithi enikezwa udokotela
Uma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zodwa zingalawuli umfutho wegazi lakho, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi. Ungalokothi uqale, uyeke, noma ushintshe umthamo walo muthi wedwa.
| Uhlobo lomuthi | Kwenzekani kuyo? |
|---|---|
| Ama-ACE Inhibitors | Kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kweprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiotensin, ekhulisa umfutho wegazi emzimbeni. |
| Ama-Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) | Kuvimbela ukuminyana kwemithambo yegazi. |
| Ama-Beta Blockers | Kwehlisa ijubane lokushaya kwenhliziyo futhi kunciphisa inani legazi elikhishwa enhliziyweni. Lokhu kunciphisa umfutho wegazi. |
| Ama-blocker e-Calcium Channel | Kunciphisa ukungena kwe-calcium emithanjeni yegazi futhi kuphumuze imisipha yemithambo yegazi. |
| Ama-diuretics (amaphilisi amanzi) | Kuyasiza ekukhipheni amanzi engeziwe kanye ne-sodium (usawoti) emzimbeni ngomchamo. |
| Ama-Vasodilator | Kukhulula imisipha ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, okuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze kalula. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme oyinhloko umfutho wegazi ophakeme owenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu.
- Njengoba kungekho zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala, lokhu kungaba "umbulali othule." Ngakho-ke, hlola umfutho wegazi lakho okungenani kanye ngonyaka, kusukela uneminyaka engu-30.
- Imithi yodwa ayanele ekwelapheni. Ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo kubalulekile.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Phuza imithi yakho ngesikhathi esifanele, ngesilinganiso esifanele. Yiya emitholampilo njalo.
- Ungalokothi uyeke noma ushintshe imithi yakho yomfutho wegazi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela eyingozi.
- Lesi yisimo esilawulekayo. Ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nendlela yokuphila, ungaphila impilo ende nenempilo.
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