Uzizwa sengathi inkumbulo yakho iyaphela kancane kancane? Ake sixoxe nge-MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment)!

Sonke siyakhohlwa ngezinye izikhathi, akunjalo? Cabanga nje, ngemva kokuphuma endlini bese uhamba ibanga elifushane, ngokuzumayo ucabanga, "Hawu Nkulunkulu, ngikhiyile yini umnyango?" Noma ngokuzumayo ukhohlwa ukuthi uzothini ngenkathi uxoxa kahle nomngane. Lezi zinto zivame kakhulu, futhi akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Kodwa, ingabe wena, umama wakho, ubaba wakho, noma umuntu omthandayo, nizizwa sengathi lokhu kukhohlwa kuyakhula kancane kancane, futhi kubangela nokuphazamiseka okuncane emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke? Khona-ke lesi sihloko sizoba sibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namuhla sikhuluma nge-MCI, emele i-Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Iyini ngempela i-MCI?

Kalula nje, i-MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) yisimo lapho inkumbulo yomuntu kanye namakhono akhe okucabanga ephazamiseka kancane . Lokhu kungaphezu nje kokukhohlwa okuvamile okuhambisana nokuguga. Kodwa-ke, akukubi njengesimo esibi sokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo esibizwa ngokuthi i-dementia.

Cabanga ngalokhu. Ungase ube nesikhathi esinzima sokubona ucingo lokukhwabanisa, noma ungase ukhohlwe izinto ezifana nosuku owaya ngalo ukuyobona udokotela. Wena nomndeni wakho ningazibona lezi zinguquko. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umuntu one-MCI usengakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yakhe yansuku zonke ngaphandle kosizo lwabanye. Lokho kusho ukuthi angenza izinto ezifana nokupheka, ukugqoka, nokwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya eyedwa.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-MCI ayihlali ingapheli. Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu zingase zithuthuke uma imbangela eyinhloko seyelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuba ne-MCI kuyandisa kancane ingozi yakho yokuba nesifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo, njengesifo i-Alzheimer's, esikhathini esizayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-MCI:

Sihlukanisa isimo se-MCI sibe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. Ukuze kube lula ukusiqonda, ngizosichaza ngale ndlela.

Ingabe nawe unazo lezi zimpawu?

Isici esiyinhloko se-MCI ukwehla kwamakhono esikhuluma ngawo manje. Bona ukuthi lokhu kuzwakala kujwayelekile yini kuwe.

• Ukunaka: Kunzima ukuhlala ugxile entweni eyodwa, futhi ingqondo iphazamiseka kalula.
• Ukwahlulela: Kunzima ukukhetha okulungile kokungalungile, ukwenza isinqumo esihle.
• Ulimi: Ubunzima bokuthola amagama afanele lapho ukhuluma.
• Inkumbulo: Ukukhohlwa izinto kaningi kunangaphambili.
• Ukuhlela: Kunzima ukuhlela nokwenza umsebenzi ngendlela ehlelekile.
• Ukuqonda: Kunzima ukuqonda inkinga nokuthola ikhambi layo.

Lokhu kubonakala kanjani ekuphileni kwansuku zonke?

• Ngivame ukukhohlwa ukuthi ngibekaphi okhiye bami, izibuko, kanye nefoni bese ngizifuna.
• Ngiyakhohlwa ukukhokha izinto ezifana nezikweletu zikagesi namanzi.
• Imihlangano ebalulekile, imikhosi, nezinsuku ezikhethekile zomndeni ziyalibaleka.
• Ngesikhathi ukhuluma, uvele ukhohlwe ukuthi uzothini bese uyayeka.

Abanye abantu abane-MCI bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuhamba kanye nokulahlekelwa umuzwa wokuhogela.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izimbangela ze-MCI?

Kunezingxenye zobuchopho bethu ezisiza ngenkumbulo nokucabanga. Isibonelo, izindawo ezifana ne-hippocampus kanye ne-temporal lobes. Ku-MCI, kukhona umonakalo noma izinguquko zesakhiwo kulezi zindawo. Lezi zinguquko zobuchopho yizo ezenza kube nzima ukukhumbula izinto kahle njengangaphambili, ukucabanga kahle, nokunaka.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-MCI ingaba yisigaba sokuqala kakhulu sesimo esibi kakhulu sokuwohloka kwemizwa lapho amangqamuzana obuchopho ebhujiswa kancane kancane. Ezinye zalezi zimo zifaka:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• I-Frontotemporal Dementia
• I-Lewy body dementia
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• I-dementia yemithambo yegazi

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-MCI?

Noma ubani angaba ne-MCI, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.

Izici zengozi ezingalawuleki:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala: Ingozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Umlando womndeni:Uma othile emndenini eke waba nesifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo.
• Izici zofuzo: Ukuba nohlobo lwezakhi zofuzo olubizwa nge-APOE-e4 (isakhi sofuzo esanda ingozi yesifo i-Alzheimer's).

Izici eziyingozi ezingalawulwa noma zelashwe:

• Izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
• Izifo ezingamahlalakhona: Isifo sikashukela, i-COPD, i-osteoarthritis.
• Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo: ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka.
• Izinkinga zokulala: ukuhona kanye nokuphefumula okuvimbelayo kokulala.
• Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini: ikakhulukazi ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12.
• Izinkinga ze-thyroid: I-Hypothyroidism.
• Ukutheleleka: Izinto ezifana nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTIs) zingaba nzima, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile.
• Ukulimala ekhanda: (Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu).
• Imithi ethile: Eminye imithi efana nama-antihistamine, ama-antidepressant, ama-opiate, kanye nama-benzodiazepines ingabangela nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo njengomphumela ongemuhle.

Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?

Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okungakutshela ngokuqinisekile ukuthi une-MCI. Uma uya kudokotela, uzokuhlola kahle.

1. Buza wena nomndeni wakho ngezinguquko: Izimpawu zakho zaqala nini, yiziphi izinto ozikhohlwayo, nokuthi ziyayithinta yini imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke? Ungabuza nothile okhona nawe ngalezi zinguquko.

2. Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba nangokwezinzwa: Ibhalansi yakho, ukusabela, kanye nokusebenza kwesistimu yezinzwa kuzohlolwa.

3. Ukuhlolwa okukala inkumbulo kanye nekhono lokucabanga: Ungabuzwa uchungechunge lwemibuzo emifushane, ucelwe ukuthi udwebe izithombe, noma ukhumbule amagama okulinganisa ukusebenza kwengqondo yakho. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Neuropsychological.

4. Ezinye izivivinyo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Hlola ezinye izimbangela, njengokuntuleka kwamavithamini, izinkinga ze-thyroid, kanye nezifo.
• Ukuskena kobuchopho: Ukuskena kwe-CT noma i-MRI kungabheka isimila sobuchopho, izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, noma ezinye izinguquko zesakhiwo.
• Ukubhoboza kwe-Lumbar:Kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona amaprotheni ahlobene nesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-MCI?

Ukwelashwa kwe-MCI kuncike embangela. Akukho ukwelashwa okulingana konke. Udokotela wakho angase ancome izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ukwelapha izimo eziyisisekelo: Uma imbangela ye-MCI ifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izinkinga zokulala (i-sleep apnea), noma ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, ukwelashwa okufanele kwaleso simo kungathuthukisa ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo.
• Ukushintsha imithi: Uma imithi ethile oyithathayo ithinta inkumbulo yakho, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukuyishintsha noma anciphise umthamo.
• Imisebenzi evuselela ubuchopho: Ukuxazulula amaphazili, ukufunda okuthile okusha (njengolimi, insimbi yomculo), ukufunda izincwadi, kanye nokuxhumana nabanye kuyizindlela ezinhle zokuzivocavoca ubuchopho.
• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila:
• Yeka noma yehlisa ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala.
• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo (imifino eminingi, izithelo, inhlanzi).
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha: Kungase kudingeke ucabangele izinto ezifana nokulungisa izingozi zokushelela nokuwa ekhaya lakho (isib. amakhaphethi) mhlawumbe nokucabanga kabusha ngokushayela.

Liyoba njani ikusasa kumuntu one-MCI?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawesabayo. Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-MCI asifani kuwo wonke umuntu.

• Kwabanye abantu: Ngemva kokwelashwa, izimpawu zingase zithuthuke futhi zibuyele esimweni esijwayelekile ngokweminyaka yabo.
• Kwabanye abantu: Izimpawu zingase zihlale zifana, zingabi zimbi kakhulu.
• Kwabanye: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-MCI ingathuthuka ibe yi-dementia. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi phakathi kuka-10% no-20% wabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 abane-MCI bazoba ne-dementia phakathi nonyaka.

Kodwa akubona bonke abane-MCI abazoba ne-dementia. Abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukuqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi wabo futhi baphile ngokuzimela. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ubuhlobo obujwayelekile nodokotela wakho . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukumbona njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12 ukuze uhlole isimo sakho.