Wake waba nesipiliyoni esingajwayelekile lapho ufunda iphephandaba noma ubheka ubuso bomuntu, lapho ungabona khona imiphetho kuphela, hhayi isikhungo esiqondile? Mhlawumbe imigqa eqondile oyibonayo, njengezinhlaka zamafasitela, ibukeka inwebekile futhi imibimbi? Lezi akuzona nje izinto ezingahleliwe. Lezi kungaba izimpawu zesimo samehlo abantu abaningi abasitholayo ngemva kweminyaka engu-50-60. Yilokho esikhuluma ngakho namuhla.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukonakala kwe-Macular?
Ukuwohloka kwe-macular yisifo esithinta umbono ophakathi weso, okungukuthi, lokho esikubonayo uma sibheka phambili. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kaningi njengoba siguga. Ngakho-ke, kubizwa nangokuthi ukuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala noma "Ukuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala" noma "(AMD)".
Cabanga ngeso lethu njengekhamera. Ngaphakathi kweso, ngemuva, kukhona ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-'retina'. Yilokho okusebenza njenge-'sensor' yekhamera. Phakathi kwale 'retina', indawo encane ebaluleke kakhulu ebamba imininingwane emihle kakhulu kanye nesithombe esicacile salokho esikubonayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-'macula'. Sifunda incwadi, siqaphele othile, sishayele imoto, futhi le ngxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-'macula' isisiza ngakho konke lokhu.
Ekuwohlokeni kwe-macular, ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-'macula' iyalimala. Ngemuva kwalokho, umbono wethu ophakathi uba buthakathaka. Kodwa kulokhu, asibi yizimpumputhe ngokuphelele. Umbono ongaphandle usasebenza kahle. Lokho kusho ukuthi yize lokho esikubukayo kubonakala kungacacile, izinto ezisizungezile zingabonakala ngokujwayelekile.
Lesi simo singathinta iso elilodwa kuphela, noma singathinta amehlo womabili. Ngezinye izikhathi ubukhulu besifo emehlweni womabili bungahluka.
Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo? (Izici eziyingozi)
Njengoba igama lisho, ukuguga kuyisici esiyinhloko sengozi. Le ngozi iyanda ngemva kweminyaka engu-50-60. Kodwa kunezinye izici eziningana ngaphandle kwalokho.
- Umlando womndeni: Uma umama wakho, ubaba, noma umfowenu noma umfowenu eke waba nalesi sifo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi nawe ube naso.
- Ukubhema: Abantu ababhemayo basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola lesi sifo.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Kubalulekile futhi ukugcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (Umfutho wegazi ophakeme): Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuwulawula kahle kubaluleke kakhulu emehlweni akho.
- Ukudla okungenampilo: Akukuhle futhi ukudla njalo ukudla okunamafutha amaningi agcwele, njengamafutha, ukudla okuthosiwe, kanye nokudla okusheshayo.
- Abantu abamhlophe: Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abamhlophe basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka yilesi sifo kunabanye.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuwohloka kwe-macular:
Lesi simo singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: esomile nesimanzi.
| Uhlobo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukonakala kwe-Macular Eyomile | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu . Cishe abantu abangu-90 kwabayi-100 abane-macular degeneration banohlobo olomile. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi imfucuza yamaprotheni aphuzi ebizwa ngokuthi i-drusen iqoqana ngaphansi kwe-macula ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kuyanqwabelana futhi kwenze i-macula yome futhi ibe mncane. Lokhu kubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono kwenzeke kancane kancane . Ezimweni eziningi, akukho ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kombono ophakathi. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lolu hlobo olomile lungaphenduka uhlobo oluyingozi olumanzi. |
| Ukuwohloka Kwe-Macular Emanzi | Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu noluyingozi kakhulu . Luthinta abantu abangaba yi-10 kwabayi-100. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi imithambo yegazi engavamile nebuthakathaka ikhula ngaphansi kwe-retina ne-macula. Le mithambo iqala ukuvuza igazi noketshezi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-macula ivuvuke. Lesi simo singabangela ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kombono ophakathi ngokushesha okukhulu . Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. |
Ake sifunde nangezigaba zalesi sifo.
Kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zeso elomile. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezigabeni zakamuva, kodwa udokotela wamehlo angazibona lezi zinguquko kusenesikhathi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
1. Isigaba sokuqala: Izinguquko ku-macula seziqalile, kodwa umbono awuthinteki.
2. Isigaba esiphakathi: Ukubona kuba mfushane kancane, imibimbi iqala ukuvela.
3. Sekwephuzile/Okuthuthukisiwe: Umbono ophakathi cishe ulahlekile ngokuphelele.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, uhlobo olumanzi luhlala lubhekwa njengesigaba sokugcina nesinzima salesi sifo.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Abantu abaningi ababi nazo izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Lezi zimpawu ziqala ukuvela kuphela uma isifo sesibi kakhulu. Bheka ukuthi ubhekene nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu.
- Ukubona okunciphile ekukhanyeni okuphansi: Ukubonakala kuncipha ebusuku uma kunokukhanya okuncane ekhaya.
- Umbono ofiphele: Ungase uzizwe ufiphele phakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi uma ufunda noma ubheka ubuso.
- Izinguquko ekuboneni umbala: Imibala ingase ibonakale imnyama futhi iphambene kakhulu.
- Imigqa eqondile: Lesi isici esibaluleke kakhulu . Uma izinto eziqondile njengezinhlaka zamafasitela, izinhlaka zeminyango, kanye nemigqa yethayela zibonakala zigobile futhi zinwebekile, ungakuzibi.
- Ukubona amabala amnyama noma angenalutho phakathi kokubona: Ukubona ibala elimnyama noma isikhala esingenalutho phakathi kwento oyibukayo.
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha .
Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu?
Njengoba ukuwohloka kwe-macular ngokuvamile kungabi nazimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa kwamehlo akho minyaka yonke , ikakhulukazi uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi athole lesi sifo kusenesikhathi futhi aqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
Uma uya kudokotela, uzohlola i-retina yakho kanye ne-macula ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini ushintsho. Angenza olunye noma ngaphezulu kwezivivinyo ezilandelayo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegridi ye-Amsler: Lena igridi enegridi kuyo. Kukhona ichashaza elikhulu phakathi. Udokotela uzokucela ukuthi ubheke igridi bese ubona ukuthi ikhona yini imigqa enwetshiwe, ephukile, noma engacacile. Lokhu kungakunikeza umbono wokuthi unesifo noma sibi kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa futhi lokhu ukuqapha umbono wakho ekhaya.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvulekile: Udokotela uzosebenzisa amaconsi amehlo ukuze avule imbobo yakho kanye nelensi ekhethekile ukuze abheke ngaphakathi kweso lakho.
- I-Fluorescein angiography: Idayi ephuzi ifakwa emthanjeni engalweni, bese ikhamera ekhethekile ithatha izithombe zedayi njengoba ihamba emithanjeni yegazi engaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini igazi noma uketshezi oluvuzayo ngaphansi kwe-macula.
- I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Lokhu kufana nokuskena ingaphakathi leso lakho. Akubuhlungu. Njengoba ubheka ilensi yomshini, kuthatha izithombe ezicacile kakhulu ze-three-dimensional (3D) ze-cross-section ye-retina kanye ne-macula ngaphakathi kweso lakho.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Into yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyisho ukuthi ukuwohloka kwe-macular akukwazi ukwelashwa ngokuphelele.Kodwa ukwelashwa kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi kulawule izimpawu.
Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni uluhlobo luni lwesifo onaso.
Ukwelashwa kohlobo olomile
Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kohlobo olomile. Kodwa-ke, izifundo ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuthi ``AREDS`` kanye ``AREDS2`` zithole ukuthi ukuthatha inhlanganisela ethile yamavithamini namaminerali kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Lezi zithako zokudla ngokuvamile ziqukethe:
- I-Vitamin C
- I-Vitamin E
- I-Lutein
- I-Zeaxanthin
- I-Zinc
- Ithusi
Kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho wamehlo mayelana nokuthi kufanele yini uwathathe lawa mafutha nokuthi uwasebenzise ngesilinganiso esingakanani. Ungamane uwathathe amavithamini wedwa.
Ukwelashwa Kohlobo Olumanzi
Ngenxa yokuthi uhlobo olumanzi lunzima, ludinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.
- Imijovo ye-Anti-VEGF: Lena yindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko nephumelela kakhulu etholakalayo. Lena umuthi ovimba iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-VEGF, ebangela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha ebuthakathaka ngaphakathi kweso. Udokotela uvala iso bese efaka umjovo ngaphandle kobuhlungu . Le mijovo ngezinye izikhathi ingabuyisela umbono olahlekile.
- Ukwelashwa nge-Photodynamic (PDT): Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka umuthi ozwela ukukhanya emthanjeni bese uqondisa umsebe we-laser okhethekile esweni ukuze kubhujiswe imithambo yegazi engafuneki esanda kwakheka.
- Ukwenziwa kwe-laser photocoagulation: Kusetshenziswa umsebe we-laser onamandla amakhulu ukuvala/ukubhubhisa imithambo yegazi ephuma igazi. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela kuye kwehla kakhulu selokhu kwafika imijovo emisha ye-'Anti-VEGF'.
Singazivikela kanjani kulesi simo?
Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.
- Uma ubhema, yeka ngokushesha. Lena yinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo.
- Gcina amazinga akho omfutho wegazi kanye ne-cholesterol elawulwa kahle.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo. Yidla imifino eluhlaza, izithelo, kanye nenhlanzi eningi (ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezinamafutha njenge-salmon kanye ne-mackerel).
- Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezinezivikelo ezinhle ze-UV uma uphuma ngaphandle.
Ukulahlekelwa umbono ophakathi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Kungaba nzima ukufunda incwadi, ukubona ubuso, nokushayela imoto. Lokhu kungaholela ekucindezelekeni nasekukhathazekeni. Ezikhathini ezinjengalezi, kubalulekile ukufuna ukwesekwa emndenini, futhi uma kudingeka, ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuwohloka kwe-macular yisifo esihlobene nokuguga esithinta umbono ophakathi uma ubheka phambili.
- Lokhu akukwenzi ube yimpumputhe ngokuphelele, kukushiya unombono ongaphandle.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: Eyomile ( evamile, ethuthuka kancane kancane) kanye nemanzi (engavamile, ethuthuka ngokushesha).
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukubona okufiphele kanye nokuphuma kwemigqa. Uma unalezi zimpawu , bheka udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha.
- Nakuba lesi sifo singelapheki ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa kungalawula ubukhali besifo.
- Ingozi yesifo ingancishiswa ngokugwema ukubhema nokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo.
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