Wake wezwa igama elithi 'Monoclonal Antibody'? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama lisetshenziswa njengokwelapha umdlavuza, noma izifo ezifana ne-Covid-19. Nakuba kuyigama elingajwayelekile futhi elikhulu, empeleni lolu uhlobo lomuthi olwenze inguquko emangalisayo kwezokwelapha kwethu. Ungakhathazeki, lokhu akunzima ukukuqonda. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ziyini lezi, zisebenza kanjani, nokuthi zisetshenziselwani izifo.
Kalula nje, ayini ama-antibody e-monoclonal?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sifunde ngento esinayo emizimbeni yethu: 'Ama-Antibodies'.
Cabanga nje ukuthi umzimba wethu uyizwe. Khona-ke amasosha ethu omzimba ayibutho lalelo zwe. Amasosha akhethekile kuleli butho abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Antibodies'. Lapho isitha esivela ngaphandle, okungukuthi, into efana negciwane noma iseli lomdlavuza (ezokwelapha esilibiza ngokuthi ama-antigen ) singena emzimbeni, la masosha ayahamba ayobamba leso sitha futhi anikeze amanye amangqamuzana isibonakaliso sokuthi asibhubhise.
Manje, 'ama-antibody e-monoclonal' awuhlobo olukhethekile lwe-antibody esilwenzayo elabhorethri. Lawa afana ncamashi namakhophi ama-antibody esinawo emizimbeni yethu.
- 'I-Mono' isho 'eyodwa'.
- 'I-Clonal' isho 'i-clone'.
Okusho ukuthi, zifana 'namakhophi' amaningi e-antibody efanayo. Zenzelwe ukuhlasela isitha esisodwa kuphela (i-antigen). Isibonelo, ama-antibodies enzelwe ukuhlasela iphrotheni ethile kuphela ebusweni beseli lomdlavuza. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona amagama ale mithi ephela ngo-"mab" (isib. iTrastuzumab, iRituximab).
Kalula nje, ama-antibodies e-monoclonal 'ayimicibisholo' eklanyelwe elabhorethri ukubhubhisa isitha esithile futhi angaphuthelwa yinhloso yawo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezifo eziphathwa yilokhu?
Lobu buchwepheshe manje busetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo eziningi ezahlukene. Selokhu kwavunywa umuthi wokuqala we-monoclonal antibody ngo-1986, kuye kwasungulwa izinhlobo eziningi zemithi.
| Isigaba sesifo | Incazelo nezibonelo |
|---|---|
| Umdlavuza | Ukuhlasela nokubhubhisa amaseli omdlavuza njengomdlavuza webele, i-lymphoma, kanye ne-leukemia. |
| Izinkinga Zokuzivikela Emzimbeni | Ukulawula ukusebenza ngokweqile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezimweni ezifana nesifo samathambo kanye nesifo sikaCrohn. |
| Izifo | Ukuvimbela nokulwa namagciwane afana negciwane le-COVID-19. |
| Ukwenqatshwa Kokufakelwa Kwezitho Zomzimba | Ukuvimbela umzimba ukuthi wenqabe isitho, njengesinso, ngemva kokuba sesitshalwe kabusha. |
| Ezinye izifo | Iphinde isetshenziswe ekwelapheni i-osteoporosis, i-migraines, i-cholesterol ephezulu, ezinye izifo zamehlo, kanye nezifo zesimiso sezinzwa. |
Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa kanjani?
Lomuthi uvame ukunikezwa njengesixazululo sikasawoti emthanjeni (ngokusebenzisa i-intravenous - IV) . Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi 'i-infusion'. Cishe uzolaliswa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo 'esikhungweni sokufaka' usuku lonke bese unikezwa lokhu kwelashwa amahora amaningana.
- Ukwelashwa kokuqala: Uma lokhu kungokokuqala uthola lokhu kwelashwa, ungase ufune ukucela ilungu lomndeni ukuthi lihambe nawe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazobe bekunaka ngokukhethekile ukuze bakuchazele ukwelashwa futhi bahlole noma yikuphi ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba.
- Umjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba: Ngezinye izikhathi, lo muthi unikezwa njengomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba (ongaphansi kwesikhumba) . Kulesi simo, udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi uzokukhombisa ukuthi uwujova kanjani wena. Lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa esiswini noma ethangeni.
Izinhlobo zezindlela zokwelapha
Lawa ma-antibodies asetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene:
1. Ama-Naked Monoclonal Antibodies: Lawa ayindlela yokwelapha eyedwa. Aya ngqo ezintweni ezifana namaseli omdlavuza futhi anamathele kuzo, amise ukukhula kwawo noma anikeze isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukuthi siwabhubhise.
2. Ama-Antibodies e-Monoclonal ahlanganisiwe:Lokhu kufana 'nephasela'. Umuthi we-chemotherapy noma inhlayiya enemisebe inamathele ku-antibody bese ithunyelwa. I-antibody ithola iseli lomdlavuza eliqondile bese 'iletha' leli 'phasela' lapho. Lokhu kubangela umonakalo omncane kakhulu kumaseli anempilo.
3. Ama-Antibodies e-Bispecific Monoclonal: Lawa angahlasela izisulu ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kufana nokuba nezandla ezimbili ezenza imisebenzi emibili. Isibonelo, ngenkathi ubamba iseli lomdlavuza ngesandla esisodwa, esinye isandla sibamba iseli lokuzivikela, sixhumanisa lezi ezimbili ndawonye futhi sisize ekubhubhiseni iseli lomdlavuza.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu kwelashwa?
Izinzuzo
- Inhloso iqondile: Ukwelashwa kwendabuko njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kulimaza wonke amaseli ahlukana ngokushesha (amangqamuzana omdlavuza kanye namaseli ezinwele nesikhumba anempilo). Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kuhlasela ngqo amaseli ahilelekile kulesi sifo, imiphumela emibi mincane kakhulu.
- Kusebenza kahle kakhulu: Lokhu kube yimpumelelo enkulu ekwelapheni ezinye izifo, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza.
- Indinganiso efanayo: Ngenxa yokuthi yenziwe elabhorethri, yonke imithi inekhwalithi efanayo.
Izingozi
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, lokhu kwelashwa kungaba nezingozi ezithile. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, udokotela wakho uzokufundisa ngakho konke lokhu futhi akunakekele kahle.
- Ukusabela Kokufaka I-Infusion: Lokhu kuyimiphumela evame kakhulu eyenzeka ngesikhathi noma ngemva nje kokufaka i-infusion. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izinhlungu zomzimba, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukujuluka, kanye nezinguquko ekucindezelweni kwegazi. Lokhu ngokuvamile kungalawulwa ngokunciphisa izinga lokufaka i-infusion.
- Ukusabela okungathi sína (okungavamile): Okungavamile kakhulu, kodwa ukusabela okungathi sína kungenzeka.
- I-Acute Anaphylaxis: Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba okwenzeka ngokuzumayo.
- I-Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS): Amasosha omzimba angaba matasa kakhulu futhi alimaze izitho zomzimba.
- Ukugula kwe-serum: Ukuhlaselwa yisimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba ngokumelene nomuthi.
Kungenxa yokuthi izinto ezinjengalezi zingenzeka ukuthi odokotela nabahlengikazi bakuqaphele kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma welashwa okokuqala.
Uyafuna ukukhuluma nodokotela?
Yebo, impela. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nalokhu kwelashwa, noma uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi lokhu kwelashwa kukufanele yini, khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho. Uzokunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho sezokwelapha kanye nesimo sakho sempilo.
Okubalulekile: Uma uhlangabezana nokusabela okungalindelekile ngemva kokwelashwa, ikakhulukaziUma ubhekene nobunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukushayeka okukhulu, ubunzima bokukhuluma, noma izinguquko engqondweni, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha, noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheyini eyenziwe elabhorethri esebenza njengezingxenye zesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Lezi ziyindlela yesimanje nephumelelayo esetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza, isifo samathambo kanye ne-COVID-19.
- Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngendlela eqondile, kungase kube nemiphumela emibi embalwa kunezindlela zokwelapha zendabuko.
- Ukusabela okufana nomkhuhlane kanye nokuqubuka kungase kwenzeke lapho kunikezwa umuthi. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela emibi emibi ayivamile kakhulu.
- Xoxa njalo nodokotela wakho ukuthi lokhu kwelashwa kulungile yini kuwe nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zako.
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