Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi manje kunezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu, eziqondiswe ngqo ezifweni ezinkulu njengomdlavuza kanye ne-arthritis. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngokutholakala okumangalisayo kwezokwelapha okuthatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe. Lokho "ama-Antibodies e-Monoclonal". Nakuba igama lingase libonakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ukusebenza kwalo kungaqondakala kalula kakhulu.
Kalula nje, ayini la ma-Antibodies e-Monoclonal?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga kuqala ukufunda "ngama -antibodies " emizimbeni yethu. Ama-antibodies angamasosha akhethekile ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Uma into engaphandle (esiyibiza ngokuthi ama-antigen ) njengegciwane elibangela izifo noma iseli lomdlavuza ingena emizimbeni yethu, la ma-antibodies ayaphuma futhi aqaphele isitha, asibambe, bese eqala ukusibhubhisa.
Cabanga nje ukube besingadala la masosha anekhono emizimbeni yethu, kanye namanye ayizinkulungwane, elabhorethri? Yilokho okushiwo ama-antibodies e-monoclonal . Lawa ama-antibodies okwenziwa elabhorethri.
Igama elithi "Mono" lisho "eyodwa." Igama elithi "Clonal" lisho "i-clone." Okusho ukuthi, lezi yizinkulungwane zamakhophi aqondile e-antibody eyodwa. Ikhophi ngayinye iyafana. Zenzelwe ukukhomba nokuhlasela i-antigen efanayo. Uma ubheka ibhodlela lomuthi udokotela wakho akunika lona, igama lalolu hlobo lomuthi liphela ngezinhlamvu "-mab" (isib. iTrastuzumab, i-Adalimumab).
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwama-Antibodies e-Monoclonal nama-Polyclonal?
Lo mehluko usezigabeni. Igama elithi "Mono" lisho elilodwa, kanti elithi "poly" lisho amaningi. Cabanga ukuthi unehlobo olulodwa lwesitha. Ama-Antibodies e-Monoclonal asebenza njengokuthumela i-commando eqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile engahlasela leso sitha kuphela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-Polyclonal Antibodies afana nebutho lamasosha anamakhono ahlukene, akwazi ukuhlasela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitha. Lawa afana nama-antibodies akhiqizwa yimizimba yethu ngokwemvelo, akhiwe ngamaseli ahlukene e-antibody, futhi angahlasela izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zesitha (i-antigen).
| Isici | Ama-Antibodies e-Monoclonal | Ama-Antibodies e-Polyclonal |
|---|---|---|
| Ukukhiqizwa | Ama-clones avela kuseli elifanayo le-antibody | Kusuka kumaseli ahlukahlukene e-antibody |
| Igoli | I-antigen eyodwa kuphela ethize | Ingahlasela izitha eziningana ezahlukene (ama-antigen) |
| Ukusetshenziswa | Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kanye nokuxilongwa okuqondile | Ukuze uthole impendulo evamile yomzimba kanye nokuxilongwa okuthile |
Yiziphi izimo eziphathwa ngale ndlela yokwelapha?
Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal ayithuluzi elimangalisayo elingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo eziningi, kusukela kukhithi yokuhlola ukukhulelwa oyisebenzisa ekhaya kuya ezinhlotsheni ezimbi kakhulu zomdlavuza.
Ngezansi kunezinye zezimo lapho le ndlela yokwelapha isetshenziswa khona kakhulu.
| Isigaba sesifo | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Umdlavuza | Umdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-leukemia |
| Izinkinga Zokuvuvukala Nezifo Zokuzivikela Ezizimele | I-Rheumatoid Arthritis, isifo sikaCrohn, i-Psoriasis, i-Allergy |
| Izifo | Ukutheleleka ngegciwane njenge-COVID-19, igciwane le-RSV |
| Ezinye izimo | I-Osteoporosis, i-migraines, i-cholesterol ephezulu, ezinye izifo zamehlo, kanye nokuvimbela ukwenqatshwa kokufakelwa izitho zomzimba |
Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa kanjani?
Ngokuvamile, le mithi yokulwa nama-antibody e-monoclonal inikezwa njengoketshezi oluya emthanjeni (i-intravenous - IV infusion) . Njengokunikeza usawoti. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa eyunithi ekhethekile (isikhungo sokufaka) esibhedlela noma emtholampilo.
Uma unikezwa lokhu kwelashwa okokuqala, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazokuqaphela kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ngezinye izikhathi lo muthi ungabangela ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba, ungase ucelwe ukuba ilungu lomndeni lize nawe okokuqala.
Amanye ama-antibodies e-monoclonal ayatholakala njengomjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba . Ezimweni ezinjalo, umhlengikazi uzokuqeqesha ukuthi ungawujova kanjani.
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zale ndlela yokwelapha ukuthi ingahlasela amangqamuzana agulayo kuphela, inciphise umonakalo kumaseli anempilo. Lokhu kufana nokuhlonza isitha esisodwa endaweni enabantu abaningi bese usithumba ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga kwabanye.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, kunezingozi ezithile ezihilelekile. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngakho konke lokhu futhi athathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo.
- Ukusabela Kokufakwa: Lona umphumela ovame kakhulu. Kusho ukusabela okwenzeka ngesikhathi noma ngemuva nje kokunikezwa umuthi emzimbeni. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukujuluka, kanye nokushintsha komfutho wegazi. Lokhu kungalawulwa ngokunciphisa izinga lokufakwa ngezinye izikhathi ezinjengalezi.
- Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba: Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa kungaba yingozi empilweni. Isibonelo , i-anaphylaxis ukusabela okungazelelwe okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba.
- I-Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS): Eyaziwa nangokuthi 'isiphepho se-cytokine', yilapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela siqala ukukhuthazwa kakhulu futhi siqale ukulimaza izitho zomzimba.
- Ezinye izingozi: Ezinye izingozi zincike esifweni eselashwayo. Isibonelo, ukwehluleka kwezinso kungenzeka ngenxa ye -Tumor Lysis Syndrome, engenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani, into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuqinile kwezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu ezingavamile, abasebenzi bezokwelapha kufanele baziswe ngokushesha.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa?
Isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze umuthi ungene emzimbeni wakho (isikhathi sokuwufaka) siyahlukahluka. Kungathatha cishe ihora, bese ugcinwa uqashwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora.
Ngemva kokwelashwa, uma ungakhathele noma ungakhululekile, uzokwazi ukuya emsebenzini njengenjwayelo. Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu kufanele kunqunywe ngokukhuluma nodokotela wakho, owazi kahle isimo sakho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Uma unikezwe ukwelashwa kwe-monoclonal antibody, kuyilungelo lakho ukubuza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo, ukukhathazeka, noma ukungabaza ongase ube nakho ngakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal angama-antibodies okwenziwa enziwe elabhorethri. Asiza amasosha ethu omzimba.
- Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kuhlosiwe, kungase kube nemiphumela emibi embalwa kunezindlela zokwelapha zendabuko.
- Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza, isifo samathambo, i-migraines, kanye ne-COVID-19.
- Lo muthi uvame ukunikezwa njengokufakwa kosawoti emthanjeni. Ukusabela (ukusabela kokufakwa) kuvame kakhulu phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kodwa uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ngokushesha.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho njalo ukuze uthole ukuthi lokhu kwelashwa kulungile yini kuwe futhi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.
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