Ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa umuzwa wokucasuka okungazelelwe eminweni yakho, noma ubuhlungu obubukhali emlenzeni wakho. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalolu hlobo lokungakhululeki olukhawulelwe endaweni eyodwa, ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. Mhlawumbe usuhlushwa yilokhu isikhathi eside. Ngakho ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthini kwisayensi yezokwelapha, ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka, nokuthi yini engenziwa ngakho.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Mononeuropathy?
Uma uzwa igama elithi mononeuropathy, ungase ucabange ukuthi yisifo esibi kakhulu. Kodwa incazelo yaso ilula kakhulu. Igama elithi "Mono" lisho "eyodwa", elithi "Neuro" lisho "imizwa", kanti elithi "pathy" lisho "isifo". Kalula nje, i-mononeuropathy yilapho kukhona umonakalo emsipheni owodwa emzimbeni wethu.
Cabanga ngomzimba wethu njengesakhiwo esikhulu. Igumbi lokulawula eliyinhloko lalesi sakhiwo ubuchopho nomgogodla. Kusukela kuleli gumbi lokulawula, kukhona uhlelo lwezintambo ezithwala imiyalezo kagesi kuzo zonke izingxenye zesakhiwo. Leso simiso sezintambo yisimiso sethu sezinzwa. Ku-mononeuropathy, okwenzekayo ukuthi intambo eyodwa kuphela kulesi simiso sezintambo yonakele.
Lo monakalo ungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili.
1. Ukulimala kwesembozo sokuvikela esizungeze inzwa (njengesembozo sepulasitiki esizungeze ucingo). Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi `(i-Myelin sheath)`.
2. Ukulimala engxenyeni yeseli yemizwa uqobo (i-"Axon").
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umonakalo ungakanani, imiyalezo ehamba ngemithambo yegazi ayihambi kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, siqala ukuzwa izinto ezifana nobuhlungu, ukungakhululeki, kanye nobuthakathaka bemisipha.
Yimiphi imizwa evame ukuthinteka yilesi simo?
Empeleni, noma yimuphi umthambo owodwa emzimbeni wethu ungonakala ngale ndlela. Kodwa kuneminye imithambo enamathuba amaningi okulimala kuye ngokuthi ikuphi (ikakhulukazi imithambo egijima eduze kwesikhumba noma ethanjeni). Ezinye zalezi zimo zinegama elikhethekile. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa la magama ngaphambili.
| Imizwa nesimo esithintekile | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Median Nerve (I-Carpal Tunnel Syndrome) | Lokhu kuvamile kubantu abachitha isikhathi esiningi bebhala kukhompyutha, bethunga, begibela ibhayisikili, noma benza eminye imisebenzi ebacindezela njalo ezihlakaleni zabo. Bazwa ukuqaqamba nobuhlungu eminweni, njengosithupha, umunwe wokukhomba, kanye nomunwe ophakathi. |
| I-Sciatic Nerve (Sciatica) | Emadolobheni ethu, lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi 'ubuhlungu bukaRiri Yakage'. Uphawu oluyinhloko ubuhlungu obukhulu obuqala emhlane budlule ezinqeni zehle ngemuva komlenze. Lokhu kungenzeka ngemuva kokuphakamisa into esindayo noma ukuhlala endaweni engalungile. |
| I-Ulnar Nerve (Ukuboshwa Kwezinzwa Ze-Ulnar) | Uma usebenza isikhathi eside ungqimba lwakho luphezu kwedeski, uzizwa sengathi umunwe wakho omncane kanye nengxenye yomunwe wakho wendandatho kuyathuthumela? Lokho kungenxa yokuthi le nzwa iyacindezelwa. |
| I-Radial Nerve (Isifo Somhubhe Wemisebe) | Kubangelwa ukucindezeleka engxenyeni engenhla yesandla. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukuqondisa isihlakala. |
| I-Peroneal Nerve | Lo mthambo ungonakaliswa ngokuma umlenze owodwa uphambanisiwe isikhathi eside, noma ngokushaywa kanzima edolweni. Lokhu kungabangela ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa izinzwane (ukuwa kwezinyawo). |
| Inzwa Yobuso (Ukukhubazeka kukaBell) | Lesi yisimo esithinta inzwa (`(Cranial Nerve)`) evela ngqo ebuchosheni. Ngokungazelelwe, uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso luba yize, futhi ikona elilodwa lomlomo liyaphenduka. Nakuba abantu abaningi besaba lokhu, ngokuvamile kuyisimo esingelapheka. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi imizwa emibili noma ngaphezulu ezindaweni ezingahlobene emzimbeni ingalimala ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Multiple Mononeuropathy".
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Izimpawu zincike ekutheni yimuphi umthambo othintekile kanye nobukhulu bomonakalo , kodwa kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile.
- Ukuba ndikindiki nokuluma: Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa okunciphile noma okuphelele endaweni ethintekile. Kuzwakala sengathi unikezwe i-anesthesia.
- Ubuhlungu noma ukusha: Ubuhlungu bungase buzwakale njengokusha, ukugwazwa, noma ukushaqeka ngogesi.
- Ukuzwa kwezinaliti: Lokhu kuyimpawu evamile kakhulu. Sikubiza ngokuthi "izinaliti". Igama lezokwelapha lalokhu yi-"Paresthesia".
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha: Imisipha elawulwa yi-nerve ehambisanayo iba buthakathaka. Isibonelo, uma i-nerve esandleni yonakele, ungase ungakwazi ukubamba into ngokuqinile ngesandla sakho, noma ungase uwise izinto. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le misipha ingase ibe mincane (Muscle Atrophy).
Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki njengokujwayelekile. Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko. Uma ukwelashwa kwephuza, kungaholela ebuhlungwini obungapheli, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa unomphela, noma ukukhubazeka .
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezimbangela ze-mononeuropathy.
1. Ukulimala
Lena imbangela evame kakhulu: ukulimala okuqondile emsipheni.
- Ukuqhubeka nokwenza ukunyakaza okufanayo: Isibonelo, umuntu othayipha ngendlela efanayo usuku lonke, noma umuntu osebenzisa izandla zakhe ngendlela efanayo efektri yezingubo.
- Ukunweba ijoyinti ngokweqile: Lokhu kungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi, njengalapho udlala imidlalo.
- Ukuphuka: Uma ithambo elingalweni noma emlenzeni liphuka, umthambo ogijima eduze kwalelo thambo ungonakala.
- Ukuhlinzwa noma ukusikwa ngethuluzi elibukhali: Inzwa inganqunywa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma engozini.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza: Lokhu kwelashwa kungalimaza imizwa.
2. Ukucindezelwa Kwezinzwa
Umthambo ocindezelwa yizicubu ezizungezile noma okunye.
- Ukukhula kwesimila: Isimila singakheka eduze komthambo bese sicindezela kuwo.
- Ukuvuvukala okweqile (`Edema`): Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukulimala noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha kungacindezela imizwa.
- I-tight cast: Uma i-cast (esetshenziselwa ukusonga isitho esiphukile) iba lukhuni kakhulu, ingacindezela imizwa ngaphakathi.
- Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwezinduku zokusibekela:Uma usebenzisa izinduku zokubopha ngesisindo sengalo yakho ngaphansi kwekhwapha lakho, ungacindezela imizwa egijima ngaphansi kwekhwapha lakho.
- Ukuma kabi: Ukusebenza engadini umi ngamadolo isikhathi eside, ukugoba imilenze, noma ukugoba izindololwane zakho etafuleni kungabangela ukucindezelwa kwemizwa.
3. Ezinye Izimo Zempilo
I-Mononeuropathy ingabangelwa nayizimo ezithile zezokwelapha, kodwa lezi zimo zingalimaza kakhulu imizwa engaphezu kweyodwa.
- Isifo Sikashukela: Uma isifo sikashukela singalawulwa, amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini angalimaza imizwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Izifo zesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba: Ezifweni ezifana ne-Lupus kanye ne-Rheumatoid Arthritis, isimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela komzimba singahlasela imizwa.
- Ezinye izifo: Izifo ezifana ne-HIV kanye ne-herpes (`Shingles`) zingalimaza imizwa.
- Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini: Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, ikakhulukazi lawo aseqenjini B, kungathinta ukusebenza kwezinzwa.
- Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala: Ukuphuza kakhulu isikhathi eside kuyingozi ezinzwa.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Ezimweni eziningi, udokotela onolwazi angasithola lesi simo ngokulalela izimpawu zakho nokukuhlola .
- Ukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha: Udokotela uzobuza ngezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo (njengesifo sikashukela), umsebenzi wakho, kanye nanoma yiziphi izingozi zakamuva.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yomzimba neyezinzwa: Amandla emisipha yakho, imizwa, kanye nokusabela komzimba kuyahlolwa.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi uma imbangela ingacacile, noma uma izimpawu zinzima, udokotela angase ancome ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuze aqinisekise okwengeziwe.
- I-EMG (i-Electromyography): Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubheka ukuthi izimpawu zikagesi zihamba kanjani zisuka emithanjeni ziye emisipheni yakho.
- Ucwaningo Lokuqhutshwa Kwezinzwa: Lokhu kulinganisa isivinini lapho isignali kagesi ihamba khona emsipheni. Uma umsiphe wonakele, leli jubane liyancipha.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlola isifo sikashukela, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze i-ultrasound, i-MRI, noma i-CT scan ukuze ubone ukuthi inzwa icindezelwa yini yi-tumor noma enye imbangela.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lomonakalo wemizwa, imbangela, kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu zakho. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okukulungele.
- Ukuphumula kanye nemithi yokubulala izinhlungu: Ezigabeni zokuqala, okuwukuphela kokwelashwa ukugwema imisebenzi ebeka ingcindezi emsipheni bese uthatha imithi yokubulala izinhlungu.
- Ama-Splint:Ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezifana neCarpal Tunnel Syndrome, i-bant iyanconywa ukuze ivimbele isihlakala ukuba singanyakazi. Lokhu kunikeza inzwa ukuphumula.
- Imijovo ye-steroid: Umjovo we-steroid unganikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala okuzungeze inzwa nokunciphisa ingcindezi.
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Ukuzivocavoca okukhethekile okwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa ngumelaphi womzimba kungaqinisa imisipha, kunciphise ubuhlungu, futhi kubuyisele ukuhamba kwamalunga.
- Ukwelapha isimo esiyisisekelo: Uma lesi simo sibangelwa isifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukugcina isifo sikashukela silawulwa kahle.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasizi, futhi inzwa icindezelwe kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa okuncane ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezelwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Mononeuropathy iwukulimala kwenzwa eyodwa kuphela emzimbeni wethu. Lesi akusona isimo esibi okufanele sesatshwe, kodwa futhi akuyona into okufanele singayinaki.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukuqaqamba, ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, kanye nobuthakathaka bemisipha endaweni eyodwa yomzimba.
- Ukusebenza endaweni efanayo njalo, izingozi, ukucindezeleka kwemizwa, kanye nezimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela kungaba yizimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu ziqala. Uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, amathuba akho okululama ngokugcwele ayanda.
- Lesi simo singaphathwa ngempumelelo ngokuphumula, imithi yobuhlungu, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nokuhlinzwa.
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