Ingabe unalezi zimpawu? Ake sixoxe nge-Multiple Sclerosis (MS)!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ulahlekelwa ibhalansi yakho noma umbono wakho ufiphala ngokuzumayo? Noma uzizwa sengathi ulahlekelwa ibhalansi yakho uma uhamba? Kunezikhathi lapho uzibuza khona ukuthi lezi zinto ziyadlula nje, noma ukuthi ziyisiqalo sento enkulu? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela. Leso yi -Multiple Sclerosis , noma i-MS ngamafuphi.

Kuyini i-Multiple Sclerosis?

Kalula nje, i-multiple sclerosis (MS) yisimo lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela khona ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla , okuyisistimu yakho yezinzwa ephakathi . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isimo sokuzivikela komzimba .

Cabanga ngemizwa emzimbeni wakho njengezintambo zikagesi. Lezi zintambo zinesivikelo esizizungezile, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, amangqamuzana ethu ezinzwa anesivikelo esibizwa ngokuthi i-myelin . Lezi zivikelo ze-myelin zisiza izimpawu ukuthi zihambe ngemizwa ngokushesha nangokunembile. Lokhu kuxhumana kubalulekile kukho konke esikubonayo, esikuzwayo, nesishukumisa imizimba yethu.

Manje, okwenzekayo kumuntu one-MS ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakhe ahlasela ngephutha lawa maseli e-myelin . Kufana nebutho lethu elihlasela izwe lakithi. Lokhu kulimaza ama-sheath e-myelin. Khona-ke leyo miyalezo yemizwa ayihambi kahle, ibambeke phakathi, noma ihambe ngendlela engafanele. Lo monakalo ungenzeka ebuchosheni, emgogodleni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nasezinhlungwini ezixhumene namehlo.

Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwe-MS. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa umonakalo nokulawula izimpawu. Ngakho ungakhathazeki.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-MS?

I-MS ithinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile, ngakho odokotela bayihlukanisa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho. Lezi akuzona izifo ezahlukene, kodwa indlela isifo esizibonakalisa ngayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko:

1. I-Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS): Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala kuvela izimpawu ze-MS. Kodwa abukho ubufakazi obanele bokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yi-MS. Lezi zimpawu zibangelwa ukulimala kwe-myelin. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-CIS ozohlakulela i-MS, kodwa abanye bangase babe ne-MS esikhathini esizayo.

2. I-Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS): Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-MS . Cishe abantu abangu-85% abane-MS bawela kulesi sigaba. Okwenzekayo ukuthi izimpawu ezintsha zivele ngokuzumayo, noma izimpawu ezindala ziba zimbi kakhulu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "ukubuyela emuva" noma "ukuhlasela ." Bese kuthi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zimpawu zinciphe noma zinyamalale ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuxolelwa."Sekuyisikhathi.

3. I-Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS): Abantu abaningi abane-RRMS bagcina beba ne-SPMS. Kulesi sigaba, ukulimala kwemizwa kuyaqoqana kancane kancane futhi izimpawu ziya ziba zimbi kancane kancane. Ukubuyela emuva kungase kwenzeke, kodwa izikhathi zokuxolelwa, noma izikhathi zokukhululeka kwezimpawu, zifushane.

4. I-Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS): Kulolu hlobo, izimpawu ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni. Akukho ukubuyela emuva okucacile kanye nokuphumula njengakwi-RRMS.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko, kunezinhlobo eziningana ezingavamile kakhulu ze-MS:

• I-Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis: Lolu uhlobo lwe-multiple sclerosis olubangela ukususwa kwe-myelin ezindaweni ezinkulu zobuchopho. Lokhu kungabonakala njengezimila. Kungadingeka i-biopsy ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lesi isimila sobuchopho yini.
• I-Balo's Concentric Sclerosis: Kulesi simo, umonakalo we-myelin ubonakala njengezindandatho eziqondile ku-MRI scan, yingakho igama libizwa kanjalo.
• I-Marburg Variant Multiple Sclerosis: Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu nolunzima lwe-MS. Izimpawu zikhula ngokushesha futhi zingabulala uma zingelashwa.

Ivame kangakanani i-MS?

Izifundo ezenziwe emazweni afana ne-United States zibonisa ukuthi abantu abadala abacishe babe yisigidi baphila ne-MS. Kukhona nabantu abanalesi simo eSri Lanka.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqala ze-MS?

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-MS zingafaka:

• Ukushintsha kokubona: Ukubona okufiphele kwelinye iso, ubuhlungu (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-optic neuritis ), ukubona okuphindwe kabili, kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha: Ngokuvamile ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso noma lomzimba, noma ngaphansi kwesinqe.
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma imizwa engavamile: Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso noma lomzimba, noma ngaphansi kwesinqe. Kungazwakala sengathi kuyathuthumela, noma kungazwakala sengathi akukho lutho nhlobo.

Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ze-MS?

Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ezingabangelwa yi-MS:

• Ukukhathala: Akukhona nje ukukhathala, kodwa nokukhathala okungabekezeleleki, okungaphezu kwamandla.
• Ukungakhululeki
• Isiyezi
• Ubunzima bokulawula ukusebenza kwesinyi: ukuchama njalo, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuchama.
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi nokuxhumana
• Izinkinga zomsebenzi wokuqonda:Lokho kusho ukwehla kokucabanga, inkumbulo, ukunaka, ukufunda, kanye nokwahlulela.
• Ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo: ukucasuka, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka.
• Ukuqina kwemisipha kanye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha/ukuthuthumela

Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zimpawu ziyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Lokho onakho ngolunye usuku kungase kuhluke kulokho onakho ngolunye usuku. Ungase ube nezimpawu eziningana zalezi, kodwa hhayi zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kungenzeka yini ukuphila ngokujwayelekile ne-MS?

Lokhu kunzima ukukusho, ngoba lokho "okujwayelekile" kuyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Nge-MS, ungaba nezikhathi zokuphulukiswa . Lokho kusho ukuthi izikhathi lapho izimpawu zakho ziphela khona futhi ungaba cishe njengawe. Ungase ukhohlwe nokuthi une-MS, kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zakho zibuya. Ukuthi lokhu "okujwayelekile" kuzwakala kanjani, nokuthi kuzwakala kangakanani, kungahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-MS kanye nesigaba sesifo.

Yini ebangela i-MS?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-MS ukubhujiswa kwe-myelin (demyelination) . Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, i-myelin iyisivikelo esizungeze amangqamuzana ezinzwa (ama-neurons) ebuchosheni bakho nasemgogodleni. Yilokho okuthumela imiyalezo phakathi kobuchopho bakho nawo wonke umzimba wakho, okulawula izinto ezifana nombono, imizwa, kanye nokunyakaza.

Umsebenzi wesimiso sakho somzimba wokuzivikela komzimba ukukuvikela ezintweni eziyingozi emzimbeni wakho, njengebhaktheriya namagciwane. Kodwa ku-MS, isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela somzimba siba namandla ngokweqile futhi ngephutha sicabange ukuthi i-myelin enempilo (futhi ngezinye izikhathi amangqamuzana ezinzwa angaphansi kwayo) iyisongo. Lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somzimba sihlasela le myelin enempilo, siyayilimaza. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-demyelination .

Udokotela angasebenzisa isivivinyo sokuthwebula izithombe, njenge-MRI, ukuthola ubufakazi balomonakalo we-myelin. Bangase bakubize ngokuthi isibazi, isilonda, noma i-plaque . Lapho i-myelin yonakele khona, imiyalezo phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ayihambi kahle. Yilokho okubangela izimpawu ze-MS.

Ochwepheshe abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beba ne-MS, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lezi zinto zingandisa ingozi yokuba ne-MS:

• Ukubhema
• Ukuchayeka ebuthi: Isibonelo, ukuchayeka entuthwini ephuma komunye umuntu, izibulala-zinambuzane.
• Amazinga aphansi e-vitamin D
• Ukuchayeka egciwaneni: Isibonelo, igciwane le-Epstein-Barr noma i-mononucleosis .
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ngesikhathi sobuntwana
• Ukuthambekela kwezakhi zofuzo:Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho enalesi sifo, noma uma unezakhi zofuzo ezikubangela ukuba ube nalesi sifo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube naso.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-MS?

Ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola i-MS uma:

• Uma uneminyaka ephakathi kuka -20 no-40 ubudala.
• Uma unemvelaphi yaseNyakatho Yurophu .
• Uma ungowesifazane (abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-MS).

Kodwa khumbula, i-MS ingathinta noma ubani. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ingathinta nezingane .

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-MS?

Uma izimpawu ze-MS ziba zimbi kakhulu noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, izinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• Ubunzima bokuhamba ngaphandle kosizo.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukulawula amathumbu noma esinyeni .
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo .
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi .
• Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka .

I-MS ihlolwa kanjani?

Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okungaxilonga i-MS ngokuphelele. Kunalokho, udokotela uzophetha ngokuthi une-MS ngemuva kokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa, kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa okuningana .

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela wakho uzofunda kabanzi ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuskena kwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) yobuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla, kanye nokuhlolwa koketshezi lomgogodla wakho.

Kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuqondile kwe-MS. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wakho izikhathi eziningana ngaphambi kokuba wazi ngokuqinisekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-MS zingafana nezezinye izifo eziningana ezivamile. Nakuba ukubambezeleka ekuxilongweni kungakhungathekisa, ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuba aphathe izimpawu zakho ngendlela efanele.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-MS?

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi akhiphe ezinye izimo ezinezimpawu ezifana neze-MS. Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa komchamo
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Lokhu kuhlola umonakalo ezinzwa ze-optic.
• Ukubhoboza Kwethambo: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yoketshezi lomgogodla oluvela emgogodleni bese uluhlola.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Evoked Potential (EP): Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi imizwa yemizwa ihamba ngokushesha kangakanani.

Ubani oxilonga i-MS?

Uma umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa oyinhloko esola ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi une-MS, uzokudlulisela kudokotela wezinzwa . Udokotela wezinzwa ungudokotela ogxile ekwelapheni izifo zesimiso sezinzwa, okuhlanganisa ubuchopho nomgogodla.

Ingabe i-MS ingalapheka ngokuphelele?

Ngeshwa, okwamanje ayikho indlela yokwelapha ngokuphelele i-MS.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-MS?

Imigomo eyinhloko yokwelashwa kwe-multiple sclerosis ukunciphisa umonakalo owengeziwe, ukulawula izimpawu, nokuvimbela izinkinga . Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lungafaka:

• Imithi
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa emsebenzini, noma ukwelashwa ngenkulumo
• Ukwelulekwa ngempilo yengqondo

Ezinye izindlela zokuphatha izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi lesi sifo sikuthinta kanjani. Zingafaka:

• Ukugqoka izibuko noma ukuthatha imithi yezinkinga zokubona.
• Ukuvuselelwa Kobuchopho Okujulile Kokuthuthumela Kwemisipha.
• Ukusebenzisa amadivayisi okusiza njengodondolo , i-walker, noma isihlalo sabakhubazekile uma unenkinga yokuhamba.
• Imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka noma imithi yokuvimbela ukuqaqamba kwemisipha yobuhlungu (isib. , i-gabapentin noma i-nortriptyline ).
• Imithi efana ne -donepezil yezimpawu zokuqonda.
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne -acupuncture kanye ne-yoga .

Uma umzimba wakho ungasabeli kahle emithini ethile ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yi-MS, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma (plasmapheresis) . Lokhu kusebenza kangcono ekunciphiseni umonakalo ovela ekuhlaselweni okukhona kunokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa okuqhubekayo esikhathini eside.

Ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kukhona yini izivivinyo zemitholampilo ongahlanganyela kuzo. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo ziwukuhlolwa kwabantu ukuthola izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha i-MS nezinye izifo, kungaba imithi emisha noma izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa imithi ekhona.

Imithi yokwelapha i-multiple sclerosis

Imithi ye-multiple sclerosis inganciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kokubuyela emuva, inciphise ukukhula kwezilonda/izibazi ezintsha ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni, futhi inciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zemithi ye-MS yilezi:

1. Izindlela Zokwelapha Eziguqula Izifo (DMTs):Ama-DMT anciphisa inani lokubuyela emuva onakho, anciphisa ukuqhubeka kwe-MS, futhi avimbele ukwakheka kwezilonda ezintsha ebuchosheni bakho nasemgogodleni. Kunemithi eminingana evunyelwe yi-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yokwelashwa kwe-MS isikhathi eside.

2. Imithi yokulawula ukuphinda ubuye: Uma uhlaselwa kakhulu, imithi efana ne -corticosteroids (njenge- methylprednisolone ) icindezela amasosha omzimba wakho futhi inciphise ukuvuvukala ngokushesha. Le mithi ingasheshisa isikhathi sakho sokululama ngemva kokuhlaselwa. Iphinde inciphise umonakalo ku-myelin sheath ezungeze amaseli akho ezinzwa. Udokotela wakho angakunika le mithi nge- IV (ngokusebenzisa i-intravenous) . Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zesikhashana zokuhlaselwa okukhulu zifaka phakathi ukwelashwa kwe-IV immunoglobulin noma ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma .

Ama-DMT e-MS

Nazi ama-DMT avame ukusetshenziswa kwi-MS kanye nezindlela zawo zokuphatha:

• Imijovo esikhumbeni sakho: i-Beta interferon, i-glatiramer acetate, noma i-ofatumumab.
• Ukufakwa kwe-infusion emthanjeni (IV): I-Alemtuzumab, i-natalizumab, i-rituximab, i-ocrelizumab, noma i-ublituximab.
• Imithi yomlomo: I-Cladribine, i-dimethyl fumarate, i-diroximel fumarate, i-monomethyl fumarate, i-fingolimod, i-siponimod, i-ponesimod, i-ozanimod, noma i-teriflunomide.
• Ukufakelwa kweseli lesiqu

Ingabe i-multiple sclerosis ingavinjelwa?

Okwamanje ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela i-MS.

Indlela yokunciphisa ukuqubuka kwezimpawu ze-MS?

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa inani lokuqubuka, ukuphinda ubuye, kanye nokuhlaselwa onakho ukuthatha imithi yokwelapha eguqula izifo (i-DMTs) .

Kubalulekile futhi ukuphila impilo enempilo . Izinqumo ozenzayo zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ukuze uhlale uphilile, udokotela wakho angase akuncome okulandelayo:

• Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco.
• Ukulala ngokwanele.
• Ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini yomzimba evamile.
• Ukungayisebenzisi imikhiqizo kagwayi.

Ukubhekana nesifo esingamahlalakhona kungaba yinselele engqondweni. I-MS ngezinye izikhathi ingathinta isimo sakho sengqondo kanye nenkumbulo. Isazi sezengqondo noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondoUkusebenzisana kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphatha lesi sifo isikhathi eside.

Iyini inhloso ye-MS?

I-Multiple sclerosis yisimo esihlala isikhathi eside esingenalo ikhambi . Kodwa-ke, izinketho zokwelapha zamanje zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuphatheni izimpawu nasekunciphiseni ukuqubuka kwezifo. Ngokwelashwa noma ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-MS ingaba yikhuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngaphandle kosizo. Ithimba lakho lokunakekela likhona ukukusekela kulo lonke uhambo lwakho lwe-MS, lithatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela izinkinga nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho.

Ingabe i-multiple sclerosis iyayithinta impilo yakho?

Ungalindela ukuphila impilo evamile ne-MS. Nakuba izifundo ezindala zibonise ukuthi i-MS inganciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwakho ngeminyaka engaba yi-10, lokhu kuthuthuke kakhulu ngentuthuko yezinketho zokwelapha. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu i-MS ibulala.

Ingabe umuntu one-MS angaphila impilo evamile?

Yebo. I-MS ingaba yisimo esiyinselele ukuxilonga nokuphatha, kodwa ithimba lakho lokunakekela lizokusiza kuzo zonke izinyathelo zendlela. Ngisho noma kungekho ikhambi, ungaphila impilo egculisayo nesebenzayo ne-MS. Kusukela emithini kuya ekwelashweni, kunezindlela zokukusiza ukuthi uthuthukise ukusebenza kwakho ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Kukhona ngisho namaqembu okusekelana angakusiza uxhumane nabanye abaye baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Kufanele ubonane nodokotela uma ubona izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuzizwa uzwela kakhulu ekushiseni.
• Uma uzizwa ungazinzile noma ungazinzile.
• Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto.
• Ikakhulukazi uma une-nausea noma ukuqaqamba ezandleni noma ezinyaweni zakho.
• Ukushintsha kombono ngokuzumayo.
• Uma uzizwa ubuthakathaka ezingalweni noma emilenzeni yakho.

Uma une-MS futhi uba nezimpawu ezintsha, noma uma izimpawu ezikhona ziba zimbi kakhulu, tshela udokotela wakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho?

Ungase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa olunconywayo?
• Kufanele ngiye kangaki ekwelashweni ngokomzimba?
• Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi emithini oyinikezile?
• Kufanele ngithathe umuthi nini futhi kangaki?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Unganginika iseluleko ngokugcina impilo enhle?
• Ingabe kukhona amaqembu okusekelana ongawancoma?

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

I-Multiple sclerosis (MS) iyisimo esicasulayo nesisongela ukuphila. Izimpawu zingavela ngokuzumayo futhi zibe zimbi kakhulu. I-MS ingakwenza futhi ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola izingozi uma ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho.

Kodwa, awuwedwa. Udokotela angakusiza ukuthi uphathe lesi simo futhi uqhubeke nemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke ngokuphephile. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kungadingeka wenze izinguquko ezincane endleleni yakho yokuphila, njengokusebenzisa i-walking aid noma ukugqoka izibuko. Kodwa abantu abaningi abane-MS baphila impilo egcwele futhi esebenzayo ngosizo lwethimba labo lokunakekela. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nezinketho zakho zokwelapha, izimpawu noma izinkinga okufanele uziqaphele, ungangabazi ukubuza odokotela bakho. Ukwaziswa nokuthola ukwesekwa okufanele kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphila ngempumelelo ne-MS.

I- Multiple Sclerosis, i-MS, Isifo Sezinzwa, i-Myelin, Ubuchopho, Intambo Yomgogodla, Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa, Isifo Sokuzivikela Emzimbeni, I-Multiple Sclerosis