Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi 'i-anthrax' ephephandabeni noma kuthelevishini. Kodwa liyini ngempela? Ingabe kuyinto okufanele uyesabe? I-anthrax empeleni iyisifo esibi kakhulu esibangelwa amagciwane. Akuvamile ezweni lethu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela. Lesi sifo sivame ukuthinta izilwane zasemapulazini njengezinkomo nezimvu. Kodwa-ke, singadluliselwa nakubantu abathinta izilwane ezinjalo ezinegciwane noma imikhiqizo etholwe kuzo.
Yini ebangela i-anthrax ?
Kalula nje, i-anthrax ibangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi i-Bacillus anthracis . Leli bhaktheriya liyingozi kakhulu ngoba lingakha igobolondo elivikelayo elizungezile futhi liphile njengezinhlamvu endaweni ezungezile, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini, iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokulimaza.
Cabanga ngala ma-spores njengembewu encane elele. Uma engena emizimbeni yethu, uma esethole indawo efanele, ayavuka ebuthongweni bawo abe amabhaktheriya asebenzayo futhi. Bese lawa mabhaktheriya eqala ukukhiqiza ubuthi obuyingozi emizimbeni yethu. Yilawa ma-toxin asigulisa.
Siyithola kanjani i-anthrax?
Nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyazi. I-anthrax ayisona isifo esingasakazeka sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Lokho kusho ukuthi ayinakusakazeka ngokuba seduze nomuntu onomkhuhlane noma ukukhwehlela. Ngakho-ke siyithola kanjani?
Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko lesi sifo esingadluliselwa ngazo:
- Ngesikhumba: Ama-spores e-anthrax angena emzimbeni ngenxeba esikhumbeni sakho, njengokusikeka noma ukuklwebheka. Lena yindlela abantu abaningi abathola ngayo i-anthrax.
- Ukuphefumula: Ukuphefumula kwama-spores endaweni ezungezile. Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu nolubulalayo lwe-anthrax.
- Ngokudla ukudla okungcoliswe yizinhlayiya, njengenyama engaphekiwe kahle.
- Ngokujova ngezidakamizwa: Ukujova ngezidakamizwa ezifana ne-heroin engahlanzekile kungabangela ukugwinywa kwama-spores. Lokhu kubikwe emazweni amaningana aseYurophu.
Labo abasengozini enkulu yilabo abasebenza nezilwane ezinegciwane emapulazini, labo abasebenza ngemikhiqizo efana nezikhumba zezilwane noma uboya, odokotela bezilwane, kanye nalabo abasebenza ngamagciwane e-anthrax emalabhorethri.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-anthrax?
Izimpawu ze-anthrax zincike ekutheni ama-spores ebhaktheriya angene kanjani emzimbeni. Ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zimo ngokwehlukana.
| Indlela engena ngayo emzimbeni | Izimpawu ezibonisiwe |
|---|---|
| Ngesikhumba (i-Cutaneous Anthrax) |
|
| Ngomsele wokudla (i-Gastrointestinal Anthrax) | |
| Ngendlela yokuphefumula (i-Inhalation Anthrax) (Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu) | |
| Ngokujova ngemithi (Injection Anthrax) |
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-anthrax, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngomsebenzi wakho, ukuthi ngabe uxhumana nezilwane, noma uke wavezwa yini kunoma yini esolisayo. Ngemuva kwalokho bazokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola igazi lakho ukuthola ama-antibodies ngokumelene namagciwane e-anthrax noma ubuthi obukhiqizwa yila magciwane.
- Ukuthatha isampula yesikhumba: Uma unesilonda sesikhumba, isampula encane izothathwa esilonda bese ihlolwa elabhorethri.
- I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa uma usola ukuthi une-anthrax ngendlela yokuphefumula.
- Ukuhlolwa kwendle: Hlola i-anthrax endleleni yokugaya ukudla.
- I-Spinal Tap: Uma usola ukuthi une-meningitis, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa (i-spinal tap noma i-lumbar puncture) ukuze uthathe isampula encane yoketshezi lomgogodla ukuze ihlolwe.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-anthrax?
Uma usola ngisho nokuncane ukuthi uke wavezwa yi-anthrax , bona udokotela noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi kuvele izimpawu. Uma uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha, kungcono.
Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lokutheleleka kanye nobunzima besifo.
1. Ama-antibiotic: Lena yindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha i-anthrax. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lawa anikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV).
2. Ama-Antitoxin: Uhlobo olukhethekile lomuthi olunikezwa ukuqeda ubuthi obukhiqizwa amagciwane. `(Obiltoxaximab)` kanye `(raxibacumab)` yimithi emibili enjalo.
3. Ukulaliswa esibhedlela: Abantu abagula kakhulu baphathwa esibhedlela.
Ubani onikezwa umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax?
Kukhona umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax. Kodwa-ke, awusiwo umuthi wokugomela onikezwa umphakathi jikelele. Lo muthi wokugomela unikezwa kuphela abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuchayeka kulesi sifo. Okungukuthi:
- Kulabo abasebenza ngamagciwane e-anthrax emalabhorethri.
- Kulabo abenza izimboni ezihlobene nemikhiqizo yezilwane (isikhumba, uboya).
- Kwabasebenzi bezempi kwamanye amazwe.
Esimweni esiphuthumayo, njengokuhlasela kwe-bioterrorism, lo muthi unganikezwa labo abavezwe. Esimweni esinjalo, kuzodingeka imithamo emi-3 yomuthi esikhathini esingamasonto ama-4 kanye nezinsuku ezingama-60 zama-antibiotic.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-anthrax iwukutheleleka okukhulu okubangelwa amagciwane.
- Lokhu akuthelelani.
- Ngokuvamile kusakazeka ezilwaneni ezinegciwane noma emikhiqizweni yazo.
- Izimpawu zincike ekutheni amagciwane angene kanjani emzimbeni. I-anthrax yokuphefumula iyona eyingozi kakhulu.
- Uma usola ukuthi uke wabhekana nalesi sifo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha, noma ngabe kuvela izimpawu. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungasindisa impilo yakho.
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