Ingabe umzimba wakho uzizwa ungenampilo? Ingabe yi-Myasthenia Gravis (MG) leyo? Ake sixoxe ngayo!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ungenampilo njengoba usuku luqhubeka? Ikakhulukazi uma amehlo akho ezwa sengathi ayavaleka, futhi kunzima ukukhuluma, ukudla, noma ngisho nokuphakamisa ingalo noma umlenze? Lezi zinto zingaba ngaphezu kokukhathala nje. Namuhla sizokhuluma nge -Myasthenia Gravis , noma (MG) ngamafuphi, isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa esingaphathwa kahle uma siphathwa kahle .

Iyini iMyasthenia Gravis? Kalula nje...

I-Myasthenia gravis yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba . Kuyini? Kulula kakhulu. Sinesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela emizimbeni yethu. Kufana nebutho emizimbeni yethu. Umsebenzi walo ukusivikela ngokulwa namagciwane nezifo ezivela ngaphandle. Kodwa, ngezinye izikhathi leli butho lenza iphutha elincane. Licabanga ukuthi ngisho namaseli aphilile emizimbeni yethu ayizitha. Bese liqala ukuhlasela lawo maseli aphilile. Yilokho okwenzekayo ku-myasthenia gravis.

Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu imisipha yamathambo . Okungukuthi, imisipha enamathele emathanjeni ethu futhi esiza ukunyakaza. Cabanga ngakho, uphakamisa isandla sakho, ucwayize amehlo akho, ukhulume, uhleke, udle, uhambe... Le misipha iyasiza kukho konke lokhu. Kumuntu one-myasthenia gravis, le misipha iba buthakathaka futhi ingabi nampilo.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi lobu buthakathaka bemisipha buyanda uma usebenza futhi usebenza, futhi buyancipha uma uphumula kancane . Ngisho noma uphilile uma uvuka ekuseni, njengoba usuku luqhubeka futhi wenza umsebenzi wakho, kancane kancane uyakhathala kakhulu futhi imisipha yakho iba buthakathaka.

Lesi yisifo esingamahlalakhona , okusho ukuthi asipheli ngesikhathi esifushane. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezinhle ezingakusiza ukulawula izimpawu zakho futhi uphile impilo ejwayelekile .

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Kwenzekani ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu?

Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake sithathe isibonelo esincane. Cabanga ubukele umdlalo wekhilikithi.

Imizwa yethu iyona ebangela ukucindezeleka. Yiyo ethumela imiyalezo emisipheni.

Imisipha yethu iyona ebambayo. Yiyo ebamba umyalezo.

Indawo lapho le miyalezo emibili yokushintshana ibizwa ngokuthi i-neuromuscular junction . Yileyo nkundla yokudlala.

Manje, lapho inzwa idinga ukuthumela umlayezo emisipheni, inzwa ikhipha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-acetylcholine (leli yibhola). Imisipha inezindawo ezikhethekile zokubamba le acetylcholine, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-acetylcholine receptors (leli yigilavu ​​​​lomgcini).

Njengoba nje lapho ibhola lishaya igilavu, imisipha iyafinyela, okungukuthi, iyasebenza, lapho i-acetylcholine ihamba futhi ibopha kulawo ma-receptor. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, emzimbeni womuntu ophilile.

Kodwa, okwenzekayo kumuntu one-myasthenia gravis ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esakhuluma ngaso ngaphambilini sibhubhisa noma sivimbe ngephutha lawa ma-acetylcholine receptors (i-catcher's glove) . Khona-ke umyalezo (ibhola) ovela emthanjeni awukwazi ukubanjwa kahle yimisipha (umgcini). Ukushintshana kwemiyalezo kwenzeka kancane kakhulu, noma kungenzeki nhlobo. Yingakho imisipha iba buthakathaka. Uyaqonda?

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-myasthenia gravis?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana ikakhulukazi:

• I-Autoimmune myasthenia: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, lubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Nakuba imbangela eqondile yalokhu ingaziwa, kukholakala ukuthi lubangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zama-antibodies .
• I-myasthenia yosana olusanda kuzalwa: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umntwana ethola ama-antibodies athile kumama one-myasthenia gravis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngemva kokuzalwa, umntwana angase abe nokukhala okuthambile kancane futhi kube nzima ukumunca. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungokwesikhashana futhi kuvame ukuba ngcono ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu.
• I-Congenital myasthenia: Lesi akusona isimo sokuzivikela komzimba. Luhlobo olungavamile olubangelwa ushintsho lwezakhi zofuzo .

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-autoimmune myasthenia gravis:

1. I-myasthenia yeso: Kulokhu, imisipha eshukumisa amehlo futhi iphakamise amajwabu amehlo iyabuthaka. Amajwabu amehlo angase awe (ptosis) , noma kungaba nzima ukugcina amehlo evulekile. Abanye abantu bangase babone izinto ezimbili (ukubona kabili). Ngokuvamile, uphawu lokuqala lwe-myasthenia ubuthakathaka emehlweni . Cishe ingxenye yabantu abanalolu hlobo lwe-myasthenia yeso kamuva bazokhula nolunye uhlobo.

2. I-myasthenia evamile: Kulokhu, ngaphezu kwemisipha yamehlo, imisipha yobuso, intamo, izingalo, imilenze, kanye nomphimbo nayo iyabuthaka. Kungaba nzima ukukhuluma, ukugwinya ukudla, ukuphakamisa izingalo zakho, ukuvuka esihlalweni, ukuhamba amabanga amade, nokukhuphuka izitebhisi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis?

Nakuba izimpawu zingahluka, ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha ezingalweni, eminweni, emilenzeni nasentanyeni.
• Ukukhathala kakhulu (ukukhathala) .
• Ijwabu eligobile (i-ptosis) .
• Ukubona okufiphele noma okukabili .
• Ubunzima bokubonisa isimo sobuso (njengokungakwazi ukumamatheka kahle, ukwenza ubuso bube bushelelezi).
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukugwinya, noma ukuhlafuna . Isibonelo, izwi lakho lingashintsha kancane kancane njengoba ukhuluma, okukwenza uzwakale sengathi ukhuluma ngezwi elingacacile.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba .

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-myasthenia gravis zingavela cishe ngokuzumayo. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, imisipha yakho iyabuthaka uma usebenza, futhi ithola amandla uma uphumula . Ubunzima balobu buthakathaka bemisipha bungahlukahluka usuku nosuku. Abantu abaningi bazizwa bengcono ekuqaleni kosuku futhi babuthakathaka kakhulu ekugcineni.

Akuvamile kakhulu, i-myasthenia gravis ingathinta nemisipha yesistimu yokuphefumula . Lokhu kungabangela ukuphelelwa umoya noma izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula. Uma uzizwa sengathi unenkinga yokuphefumula, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Kufanele uye esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Lokhu ngokuvamile akwenzeki konke ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yalokhu?

Nakuba i-myasthenia gravis ingakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala, ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 kanye nakwabesilisa abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 .

Ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Uma unezinye izimo zokuzivikela komzimba (isib. i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-lupus).
• Uma unesifo se-thyroid .

Uma usuvele une-myasthenia gravis, ezinye izinto zingenza izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu:

• Eminye imithi yokwelapha umalaleveva kanye nezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.
• Ukuhlinzwa .
• Ukutheleleka .

Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-thymus gland kanye ne-myasthenia gravis?

Abantu abaningi abane-myasthenia gravis banezinkinga nge-thymus gland yabo . I-thymus gland iyisitho esincane esisesifubeni sethu esingaphezulu, ngaphansi kwethambo lesifuba. Iyingxenye yesistimu yethu ye-lymphatic. Yisitho esenza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi futhi sisize ekulweni nezifo.

Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu abane-myasthenia gravis bane -thymic hyperplasia , isimo lapho i-thymus gland iba matasa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi uba nezimila ku-thymus gland ezibizwa ngokuthi i-thymomas . Lokhu kungaba umdlavuza noma kube yingozi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kuphazamiseka ku-thymus gland kunegalelo ekungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-myasthenia gravis?

Esiyinhloko yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-myasthenic crisis . Kulokhu, imisipha ekusiza ukuphefumula iba buthakathaka kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungase udinge okuthile okufana nomshini (umshini wokuphefumula/umshini wokuphefumula) ukuze kukusize uphefumule. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esingasongela impilo.Kuthiwa cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu abane-myasthenia gravis uzobhekana nalesi simo okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buthakathaka bemisipha kanye nokukhathala kungakuvimbela ukuthi uhlanganyele emisebenzini oyithandayo. Kungaholela nasekucindezelekeni . Kodwa-ke, izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-myasthenia gravis bangenza imisebenzi elula nokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani i-myasthenia gravis?

Uma udokotela wakho esola lokhu ngemva kokulalela izimpawu zakho nokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze akuqinisekise:

• Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody egazini: Cishe abantu abangu-85% abane-myasthenia gravis banamazinga aphezulu kakhulu ama-antibody e-acetylcholine receptor egazini labo. Abanye abangu-6% bane -antibodies ku-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) .
• Ukuskena izithombe: Kwenziwa i -MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) noma i-CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) ukuhlola izinkinga ezifana nezimila endlaleni ye-thymus.
• I-Electromyography (EMG): Lolu vivinyo lulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wemisipha nezinzwa. Lungabona izinkinga ngokuxhumana phakathi kwezinzwa nezinzwa.

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-myasthenia gravis ngokuya ngobukhulu besifo. Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu (Isigaba I - V). Isigaba I yisimo esithambile esithinta amehlo kuphela, kanti iSigaba V yisimo esibi esithinta ukuphefumula, ngezinye izikhathi esidinga ukufakwa kwepayipi noma ukuphefumula ngomshini .

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-myasthenia gravis?

Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-myasthenia gravis, kodwa kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ezingakusiza ukuthi uphathe izimpawu zakho futhi uphile impilo enhle.

• Imithi:
• Izithibi ze-Cholinesterase / i-anticholinesterase: Le mithi isebenza ngokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinzwa nemisipha, ikhulisa amandla emisipha.
• Ama-immunosuppressants: Imithi efana nama-corticosteroids isebenza ngokunciphisa ukusebenza ngokweqile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwalawo ma-antibodies angalungile.
• Ama-antibodies e-Monoclonal: Lawa ngamaprotheni enziwe nge-bioengineered. Anikezwa njengomjovo we -intravenous (IV) noma njengomjovo we-subcutaneous (SQ) . Alawula ukusebenza ngokweqile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
• Ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma / i-plasmapheresis: Umshini ususa i-plasma egazini, eliqukethe ama-antibodies ayingozi, bese ulifaka esikhundleni salo i-plasma noma isixazululo se-plasma esivela kumnikeli.
• I-immunoglobulin efakwa ngemithambo noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba (IV noma SQ Immunoglobulin - IVIG noma SCIG): Ama-antibodies avela kubanikeli anikezwa ngomjovo we-intravenous (IV) esikhathini esiyizinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu. Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha inkinga ye-myasthenic kanye ne-generalized myasthenia gravis.
• Ukuhlinzwa: I-Thymectomy ukususwa kwe-thymus gland ngokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kunconywa kubantu abane-thymoma, kanye nabantu abangenayo i-thymus tumor.

Zonke lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingaba nemiphumela emibi, ngakho khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi umuthi omusha.

Yini engingayenza ekhaya ukuze nginciphise izimpawu?

Uma une-myasthenia gravis, zama lezi zinto ukunciphisa ukukhathala okuzwayo nokwandisa amandla emisipha:

• Vivinya umzimba njalo: Kodwa ngemva kokubonisana nodokotela wakho, qala uhlelo lokuzivocavoca oluphephile olukufanele. Ukuzivocavoca kuqinisa imisipha, kuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo, futhi kunikeza umzimba wakho amandla.
• Gwema ukuphuma lapho kushisa kakhulu: Ukushisa kungenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu. Uma uzizwa ushisa kakhulu, beka indwangu efakwe emanzini abandayo entanyeni nasebunzini lakho.
• Faka amaprotheni nama-carbohydrate amaningi ekudleni kwakho: Anikeza umzimba amandla engeziwe.
• Yenza imisebenzi oyithola ikhathaza kakhulu ekuqaleni kosuku: yilapho unamandla amaningi khona.
• Thatha ubuthongo obufushane noma uphumule emini: Lokhu kuzonikeza umzimba wakho ukuphumula okuncane.

Liyini ikusasa le-myasthenia gravis? (I-Outlook)

I-Myasthenia gravis iyisifo esingelapheka . Izimpawu zingahluka kusukela kwezincane kuya kwezinzima kakhulu. Izimpawu zivame ukufika esicongweni phakathi nonyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu kusukela ekuxilongweni kokuqala.

Abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokwelashwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo singaphela . Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu ziyanyamalala isikhashana. Lokhu kungaba okwesikhashana noma okuhlala njalo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udokotela wakho uzoshintsha uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Abantu abaningi abane-myasthenia gravis baphila impilo evamile . Imiphumela esongela ukuphila yenzeka kuphela uma ukuphefumula kuthinteka, njengenkinga ye-myasthenia esixoxe ngayo.

I-Myasthenia gravis kanye nokukhulelwa

Akuvamile ukuthi ukukhulelwa kubangele ukuthi izimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis zivele okokuqala. Uma usuvele unalesi simo, izimpawu zakho zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu phakathi nekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa noma ngemva kokuthola umntwana wakho. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, izimpawu zakho zingase zithuthuke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Eminye imithi ayiphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna isiqondiso sikadokotela wakho phakathi nalesi sikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa okunempilo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Bona udokotela uma unalezi zimpawu:

• Umbono ofiphele noma umbono ophindwe kabili.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba, ukukhuluma, noma ukudla.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu kwemisipha noma ubuthakathaka.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Khumbula, uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo! Shayela u-911 (inombolo yakho yesimo esiphuthumayo yasendaweni) ngokushesha noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ungabuza udokotela imibuzo efana nale:

• Yini ebangela lezi zimpawu?
• Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha kimi?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila okudingeka ngizenze?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiziqaphele mayelana nezinkinga?
• Ngingaqala uhlelo lokuzivocavoca ngokuphephile?
• Ingabe ikhona iqembu lokusekela iziguli engingajoyina?

Ekugcineni, yini okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Myasthenia Gravis ingaba yisimo esiyinselele. Ngisho noma ufuna ukuhlala umatasa, ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu futhi ubuthakathaka ngezinye izikhathi. Lokhu kungathinta impilo yakho yengqondo neyomzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kodwa khumbula, nakuba kungekho ikhambi, ngokwelashwa, abantu abaningi bangaphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo. Ukukhubazeka okukhulu okubangelwa yi-myasthenia gravis akuvamile. Udokotela wakho angaphakamisa izindlela zokuphatha izimpawu zakho ukuze uhlale uphilile. Ungesabi, futhi ungazami ukubhekana nalokhu wedwa. Landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho bese uthola usizo oludingayo. Ngikufisela ukululama okusheshayo!

I- Myasthenia Gravis, i-Myasthenia Gravis, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, i-Acetylcholine, i-Thymus gland, i-Neuromuscular junction