Uyakhumbula ngesikhathi unesifo senkukhu useyingane, abazali bakho babethi, "Ngeke uphinde usithole"? Noma kungenzeka ukuthi wezwa ukuthi othile owayenesifo semvukuzane ngeke aphinde asithole. Empeleni kuneqiniso eliningi kuleyo ndaba. Imizimba yethu ilwa nezifo futhi ngemva kokunqoba leyo mpi, igcina inkumbulo yaleso sifo. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuzivikela kwemvelo . Kufana nokuba neqhawe ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngaleli qhawe ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, iyini le ndlela yemvelo yokuzivikela?
Cabanga nje ukuthi imizimba yethu injengenqaba enkulu. Ngaphandle kwale nqaba, izitha (okungukuthi, amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, njll.) zilindele ukuhlasela. Uma isitha esisodwa ngandlela thile singena ngaphakathi kwale nqaba, okungukuthi, uma sigula, ibutho elisemizimbeni yethu, okungukuthi, amasosha omzimba , lilungele impi.
Leli butho lihlakaniphe kakhulu. Lakha izikhali ezikhethekile zokubhubhisa lesi sitha. Lezi zikhali sizibiza ngokuthi ama-antibodies . La ma-antibodies ayahamba ayolwa nalawo magciwane, awabhubhise futhi asenze sibe nempilo enhle.
Kodwa indaba ayipheli lapho. Indaba yangempela iqala lapho.
Ngemva kokuba le mpi isiphelile, iqembu elikhethekile lamasosha ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba, elibizwa ngokuthi amaseli enkumbulo , likhumbula isimo sesitha sangaphambilini, yonke imininingwane yaso. Benza sengathi bathatha isithombe sesitha bese besigcina. Ngokwesayensi, bakhumbula uphawu oluthile kulelo gciwane. Libizwa ngokuthi i -antigen .
Lawa maseli enkumbulo ayaqhubeka nokugada imizimba yethu ngisho nangemva kokuba sesilulame ekuguleni. Umsebenzi wawo kuphela ukubheka isitha esidala ukuthi sibuye. Ngakho-ke, uma ngelinye ilanga igciwane elifanayo elidala lizama ukungena emizimbeni yethu futhi, lawa maseli enkumbulo ayaliqaphela ngokushesha nje lapho elibona bese ememeza lonke ibutho, "Isitha esidala sesibuyile!" Khona-ke amasosha ethu omzimba enza ama-antibodies ngokushesha futhi anamandla kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, ebhubhisa igciwane ngaphambi kokuba lisibangele noma yikuphi ukugula. Esikhathini esiningi, asikuqapheli nokukuqaphela.
Njengoba nje sikhipha ukhula olukhathazayo engadini yethu, siyakhumbula ukuma kwalo. Uma luphinde lukhula, siyazi ukuthi luyimbangela efanayo yezinkinga, futhi siyalukhipha ngokushesha, akunjalo? Yileyo ndlela la maseli enkumbulo asebenza ngayo.
Ngakho-ke uyabona, ukuzivikela kwemvelo akuyona into enikezwa nje. Imizimba yethu iyithola ngokulwa nokugula, ukukunqoba, nokukhumbula lokho okuhlangenwe nakho .
Imizila emibili eyinhloko yokuzivikela ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba
Uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, lungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. Lufana nezindandatho ezimbili zokuzivikela.
| Uhlobo lokuzivikela komzimba | Kalula nje, kuyasebenza. |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukungavikeleki Kwangaphakathi | Lona umugqa wethu wokuqala wokuzivikela . Kufana nezindonga zenqaba. Izinto ezifana nesikhumba sethu, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ekhaleni nasemphinjeni wethu zingezalokhu. Lokhu kuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angangeni emzimbeni. Uma igciwane lingena ngandlela thile, amangqamuzana akulesi simiso (njengamangqamuzana okubulala emvelo) ayashesha alwe nalo. Kodwa awanayo inkumbulo. Aphatha zonke izitha ngendlela efanayo. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kulwa kuyayelapha lesi sifo. Uma kungasebenzi, abiza amabutho akhethekile. |
| 2. Ukungavikeleki Okuzivumelanisa Nezimo | Lawa amabutho ethu akhethekile . Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, yiwo amahle ekutholeni, ekuqondiseni nasekukhumbuleni isitha. Amasosha amakhulu kuleli butho ama-T-cell nama-B-cell. Lawo maseli enkumbulo esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili angamaqhawe amakhulu kuleli qembu. Yiwo asheshe abone isitha esidala bese eqala ukulwa. |
Iningi labantu libhekisela kulolu hlobo lwesibili lokuzivikela komzimba ngokuthi "ukuzivikela kwemvelo" ngoba yilokho okudala inkumbulo eqondene naleso sifo ngemva kokuba sesiqalile.
Ezinye izici ezimbili zokuzivikela kwemvelo
Lokhu kuzivikela kwemvelo kungahlukaniswa kabili kuye ngokuthi sikuthola kanjani.
1. Ukuzivikela Okusebenzayo Kwemvelo
Yilokhu ebesikhuluma ngakho isikhathi eside. "Ukusebenza" kusho ukuthi imizimba yethu isebenza ngenkuthalo ukwakha lo mzimba wokungavikeleki. Okusho ukuthi, lapho sigula, amasosha ethu omzimba asebenza kanzima, enza ama-antibodies namaseli enkumbulo, futhi akhe lowo mzimba wokungavikeleki. Kufana nokuthi sisebenza kanzima ukuze senze imali.
2. Ukungavikeleki Kwemvelo Okungashintshi
"Ukungabi nandaba" kusho ukuthi imizimba yethu ayisebenzi kanzima ukwakha amasosha omzimba lapha. Kunalokho, kuyisipho kithi.Isibonelo esihle kakhulu salokhu ukuzivikela komzimba ingane ekuthola kumama.
- Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Ama-antibodies amaningi emzimbeni kamama adluliselwa enganeni nge-placenta.
- Ngemva kokuzalwa: Uma uncelisa, ingane yakho izothola nama-antibodies abalulekile ngobisi lwebele.
Ukuzivikela komzimba okutholakale ngale ndlela kuzosiza ekuvikeleni ingane ezifweni kuze kube yilapho isimiso sayo somzimba somzimba sesikhule kahle. Kodwa lokhu kungokwesikhashana. Kufana nokuboleka imali kothile. Ngemva kwesikhashana, lawo ma-antibodies azonyamalala.
Lokhu kuzivikela kwemvelo kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesifo futhi kungahlukahluka kuye ngempilo yakho engokomzimba.
- Ukuzivikela komzimba impilo yonke: Kunezinye izifo okuthi uma usunazo, ungaphinde uzithole. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi isimungumungwane kanye ne-hepatitis A.
- Ukungavikeleki kwesikhathi esifushane: Kunezinye izifo lapho ukuzivikela kwemvelo kuphila isikhathi esifushane. Yingakho sithola izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile , umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) , kanye ne -COVID-19 izikhathi eziningi ekuphileni kwethu.
Kungani kunjalo? Ngoba la magciwane anobuqili obukhulu. Ahlala eshintsha ukubukeka kwawo (ashintsha). Khona-ke amaseli ethu enkumbulo awakwazi ukuwabona. Njengesela elikhulisa intshebe nezinwele bese liza ngendlela ehlukile kunzima ukulibona.
Ukungavikeleki kwemvelo noma ukugoma? Yikuphi okungcono?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Kokubili ukuzivikela kwemvelo kanye nokuzivikela okutholakala emgomeni kuwuhlobo "lokuzivikela okusebenzayo." Okusho ukuthi, kuzo zombili izimo, imizimba yethu ikhiqiza ama-antibodies kanye namaseli enkumbulo. Kodwa isizathu salokhu sihlukile.
| Isici | Ukungavikeleki kwemvelo | Ukungavikeleki emgomeni wokugoma |
|---|---|---|
| Isiqalisi | Igciwane langempela lingena emzimbeni bese libangela isifo sangempela . | Ukunikeza umzimba ingxenye engenangozi yegciwane (igciwane elibuthakathaka, elibulewe noma iphrotheni). Akubangeli izifo . |
| Ukuphepha | Ngemva kokuthola lesi sifo, ngezinye izikhathi siba sibi kakhulu, kuvela izinkinga, bese uthola amasosha omzimba ngemva kokululama. Lolu uhambo oluyingozi . | Ungathola amasosha omzimba ngokuphephile ngaphandle kwengozi yokuthola izifo ezingathi sína. |
Kalula nje, ukuze uthole amasosha omzimba angokwemvelo, kufanele ugule. Kodwa ezinye izifo, isibonelo, i-polio, isimungumungwane, kanye nokukhwehlela okukhulu, kungabangela izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila noma ngisho nokufa uma uzithola. Ngakho-ke, kuhlale kuwukuhlakanipha ukugonywa bese uthola lawo masosha omzimba ngokuphepha, kunokulinda uze uthole isifo esibi bese ulinda ukuthi sikhule.
Uma inani elikhulu labantu emphakathini liba nesifo ngokwemvelo noma ngemigomo, ukusabalala kwaleso sifo kuyaphela. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuzivikela komhlambi . Indlela ephephile nengcono kakhulu yokufeza lokhu ukugoma.
Ake sixoxe ngqo nge-COVID-19 kanye nokuzivikela kwemvelo
Ngobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, abantu abaningi baqala ukukhuluma ngalo mzimba wokuzivikela wemvelo. Kukhona labo abacabanga ukuthi, "Ngangine-COVID, manje ngeke ngiphinde ngiyithole." Kodwa njengodokotela, asikukhuthazi nhlobo ukuthembela kuphela ekuvikelekeni kwemvelo kwe-COVID-19. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokho.
- I-COVID-19 iyisifo esingalindelekile: Akekho ongabikezela ngqo ukuthi leli gciwane lizomthinta kanjani umuntu. Kwabanye, kungase kuzwakale njengomkhuhlane omncane, kanti kwabanye kungaholela ekushayweni yi-pneumonia enzima, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, ngisho nokufa. Kukhona nezinkinga ezingahlala izinyanga noma iminyaka, njenge -COVID yesikhathi eside . Ngakho-ke akunangqondo ukuthatha ingozi enjalo bese ulinda ukuzivikela komzimba.
- Igciwane lihlala lishintsha: Ungase ukhumbule izinhlobo ze-Covid ezifana ne-Delta ne-Omicron. Lapho igciwane lishintsha kanje, ukuzivikela kwemvelo okutholayo kusuka kolunye uhlobo kungase kungakuvikela kolunye. Kodwa imijovo ivuselelwa njalo ukuze ivumelane nezinhlobo ezintsha.
- Ingozi yezifo ezizimele: Ucwaningo oluthile luthole ukuthi uma sithola i-COVID-19, imizimba yethu ikhiqiza ama-autoantibodies.Lawa ama-antibodies ahlasela amangqamuzana ethu aphilile. Lokhu kubeka engcupheni yezifo ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba. Ucwaningo aluzange luqinisekise ukuxhumana phakathi kokugoma nalezi zinhlobo zama-antibodies abangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba.
Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe uke waba ne-COVID-19 ngaphambili, into ephephile ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese ugonywa. Umuthi wokugoma ungakunika amandla okuzivikela aqinile ngaphandle kwengozi yokugula okubi, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, noma ukufa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuzivikela kwemvelo kuyinkumbulo yesifo sangempela kanye nekhono lomzimba wethu lokulwa naso. Leli ikhono elimangalisayo umzimba wethu onalo.
- Ezinye izifo (njengesimungumungwane) zinikeza amasosha omzimba impilo yonke, kanti ezinye (njengomkhuhlane ovamile, i-Covid) zinikeza amasosha omzimba esikhashana.
- Ukuze uthole amasosha omzimba emvelo, kufanele ugula kuqala. Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izifo zimbi kakhulu, le ndlela iyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola amasosha omzimba ngokuphephile nangokuthembekile ngaphandle kwengozi yesifo esibi.
- Gwema ukuthembela kuphela ekuvikelekeni kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezifo ezifana ne-COVID-19. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokugonywa, noma ngabe uke waba nalesi sifo ngaphambili.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho