Ingabe kukhona iqhubu elisha esikhumbeni sakho? Ake sifunde nge-nodular melanoma eyingozi.

Wake waphawula iqhubu noma ibala elingajwayelekile esikhumbeni sakho elikhula ngokuzumayo? Noma mhlawumbe uke waphawula ushintsho esikhumbeni somngane wakho. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba olwesabekayo kancane, kodwa olungalawulwa uma lubonakala kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-nodular melanoma . Ukuzwa leli gama kungaba yinto eyesabekayo kancane, kodwa uma silazi, singazivikela kulo futhi sithole ukwelashwa ngesikhathi.

Kuyini i-Nodular Melanoma?

Kalula nje, i-nodular melanoma uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba olubizwa ngokuthi i-melanoma . Ihluke kancane kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba ngoba ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu . Cabanga nje, phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa, noma ngisho nezinyanga ezimbalwa, leli qhubu lingakhula futhi lisakazeke.

Okukhethekile kwalokhu ukuthi ikhula iqonde phezulu, hhayi nje ebusweni besikhumba, kodwa nangaphansi kwesikhumba . Ifana neqhwa elintanta olwandle. Singabona ingxenye encane yalo ngaphezulu, kodwa ingxenye enkulu ingaphansi kwamanzi. Ngokufanayo, ku-nodular melanoma, iningi lomdlavuza lingaphansi kwesikhumba. Yingakho ingaba yingozi kancane, ngoba ivame ukungena ngokujulile ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izigaba zalo mdlavuza?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke izigaba ezahlukene zalo mdlavuza obizwa ngokuthi i-Nodular Melanoma. Odokotela bawuhlukanisa ngezigaba eziningana, kuye ngokusabalala nobunzulu bomdlavuza. Kubalulekile ukwazi lesi sigaba, ngoba ukwelashwa kunqunywa ngokusekelwe kulokhu.

Isigaba 0 (Isigaba 0 - I-Melanoma in situ)

Lesi yisigaba sokuqala . Lokhu yilapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza esesengqimbeni engaphandle yesikhumba (i-epidermis) . Lokhu kusho ukuthi awakasabalali ngaphezu kwalapho aqale khona. Lesi yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuwuthola, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi welapheke ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa.

Isigaba I

Kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza ubhekwa njengongengozi ephansi . Lokhu kusho ukuthi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ususabalele. Futhi mncane kakhulu , ngokuvamile ungaphansi kwamamilimitha amabili ubukhulu.

Isigaba II

Kulesi sigaba, i-nodular melanoma ingaba ngaphezu kwamamilimitha amabili ubukhulu . Lokhu kusho ukuthi inengozi enkulu yokuphinda ivele . Kodwa-ke, ayikasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Isigaba III

Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu. Lapha, umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi usakazekele kuma-lymph node aseduze noma kwezinye izingxenye zesikhumba esiseduze . Ama-lymph node afana nezihlungi ezincane emzimbeni wethu ezisiza ekulweni nokutheleleka. Uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza engena kulezi zinto, kusho ukuthi umdlavuza usuqalile ukusabalala.

Isigaba IV

Lesi yisigaba esinzima kakhulu nesisakazeke kabanzi.Lapha, i-nodular melanoma ingasakazeka iye kuma-lymph node akude, kwezinye izingxenye ezikude zesikhumba, noma ngisho nasezithweni zangaphakathi njengesibindi, amaphaphu, nobuchopho .

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa lokhu?

I-Nodular Melanoma ingakhula kunoma ubani, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane.

• Le ngozi iphezulu kwabesilisa , ikakhulukazi labo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 .
• Uma uke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphambili .
• Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba (kungase kube nokuxhumana okubangelwa ufuzo).
• Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo abashiswa kalula yilanga . Ngisho noma umbala wesikhumba sethu umnyama, kunengozi yokushiswa yilanga.
• Abantu abachitha isikhathi esiningi elangeni , ikakhulukazi labo abachitha isikhathi esiningi elangeni ngaphandle kokuvikelwa.

Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu?

I-nodular melanoma uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lwe-melanoma . Ibanga u-15% kuya ku-20% wabo bonke abantu abatholakale bene-melanoma. Kuthiwa futhi iyimbangela yokufa okuhlobene ne-melanoma okungaba ngu-50% . Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

I-nodular melanoma ithinta kanjani umzimba?

Lo mdlavuza ungavela noma kuphi emzimbeni, kodwa uvame ukuvela ezindaweni ezichayeke kakhulu elangeni . Okungukuthi:

• Izandla
• Ikhanda (indawo yesikhumba)
• Imilenze
• Isitho somzimba

Ama-melanoma ama-nodular avame ukuba makhulu kunezinye izinsumpa esikhumbeni sakho. Avame ukuba ngaphezu kwesentimitha elilodwa ububanzi (cishe ubude be-stapler), futhi angaphezu kwamamilimitha ayi-6 ukuphakama (cishe amaphepha angama-60 ukuphakama).

Ziyini izimpawu?

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu zalo mdlavuza, ngoba uma usheshe ubonakala, kulapho ukwelashwa kuzophumelela khona.

• Ubuso besikhumba bungase bubonakale njengeqhubu elikhulu, eliphakanyisiwe, eliyindilinga .
• Umbala ungahluka . Ungaba bomvu, upinki, onsundu, omnyama, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-omnyama. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nombala ofanayo nowesikhumba sakho.
• Ukuthungwa kwendawo kungahluka . Kungaba bushelelezi, kube lukhuni, noma kube lukhuni njengekholifulawa.
• Kungase kube nokopha . Kungase kube ukopha nje, noma kungase kuphume igazi uma uklwebha.
• Kungase kube nokulunywa .
• Ungase uzizwe usha noma ubuhlungu .

Okubalulekile: Uma ubona iqhubu elisha, ibala, noma ushintsho endaweni ekhona esikhumbeni sakho, ungachithi isikhathi bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha .

Ingabe lokhu kungabonakala njengebhamuza legazi?

Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi i-melanoma enezimbotshana ingabukeka njenge-blood blister . I-blood blister yakheka lapho isikhumba sicindezelwa ngokuqinile. I-blister yakheka lapho igazi liqoqana emithanjeni yegazi ephukile. Ingaba nsundu, ibomvu, noma imnyama. Ngakho-ke, uma une-"blood blister" entsha engapholi ngokushesha, khathazeka nangalokho.

Ingabe i-Nodular Melanoma iyopha igazi?

Yebo, uma uklwebha leli findo, ulicindezela, noma ulithinta kancane, lingaphuma igazi. Ngezinye izikhathi , noma ungenzi lutho, lingaphuma igazi nje .

Ingabe la mafindo aqinile noma akhululekile?

I-melanoma enezimbotshana ivame ukuzwakala iqinile futhi iqine uma ithintwa.

Yiziphi izizathu zalokhu?

Isici esiyinhloko sengozi yokuthola i-nodular melanoma ukuchayeka kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet (UV) . Ikakhulukazi, ukushiswa yilanga yikona okuyingozi kakhulu.

Isikhumba sethu siqukethe uhlobo lweseli elibizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocyte . Lawa maseli akhiqiza umbala obizwa ngokuthi i-melanin . Yile melanin enikeza isikhumba sethu umbala waso. Ngakho-ke, uma sichayeka emisebeni ye-UV evela elangeni noma emibhedeni yokushiswa kwelanga, i-DNA yalawa ma-melanocyte ingonakala futhi iguquke. Lawa maseli abe esekhula futhi ahlukane ngokungalawuleki, bese eqala ukuhlasela izicubu ezizungezile (ukulimala) . Yilapho-ke umdlavuza uvela khona.

Ingabe lokhu kuyathelelana?

Cha, i-nodular melanoma ayisona isifo esithathelwanayo . Awukwazi ukusithola komunye umuntu, futhi awukwazi ukusidlulisela komunye umuntu.

Ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Uma ubona udokotela oneqhubu elingajwayelekile esikhumbeni sakho, into yokuqala azokwenza ukuhlola iqhubu ngokucophelela. Uzophinde ashaye isikhumba esizungeze iqhubu kanye nama-lymph node akho. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangase bakubuze imibuzo embalwa.

• "Uqale nini ukubona leli findo?"
• "Ingabe lokhu kuye kwaba kukhulu noma kuyafana?"
• "Ingabe kubuhlungu uma ngithinta lokhu?"
• "Ingabe lokhu kushintshe umbala?"
• "Ingabe lokhu kuyaluma, ingabe kubuhlungu?"
• "Ingabe lokhu kuphuma kwegazi?"
• "Wake waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphambili?"
• "Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho onomdlavuza wesikhumba?"

Izimpendulo zakho kule mibuzo zizosiza udokotela ukuthi athole umbono ngalesi sifo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Ngemva kokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, uma udokotela esola ukuthi kungaba yi-nodular melanoma, uvame ukunquma ukwenza i-biopsy . I-biopsy ihilela ukususa ucezu oluncane lweqhubu, noma lonke iqhubu, ngaphansi kwezimo ezibuhlungu nezingenabuhlungu, bese ulithumela elabhorethri ukuze lihlole amangqamuzana omdlavuza . Imiphumela ingathatha izinsuku ezimbili kuya kweziyishumi ukuthi ibuye.

Iphathwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kwe-nodular melanoma kuncike esigabeni somdlavuza kanye nempilo yakho iyonke . Umgomo oyinhloko ukwelapha umdlavuza. Odokotela bahlose nokuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi futhi bagcine isikhumba sakho sibukeka kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukwelashwa kwe-melanoma ye-nodular yesigaba sokuqala

Ezigabeni zokuqala, lapho umdlavuza ungakasabalali, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukususa iqhubu ngokuhlinzwa . Ungase ukwazi ukukwenza lokhu uphapheme, usebenzisa i-anesthesia yendawo kuphela. Noma, kwezinye izimo, ungase unikezwe i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ukwenza ukuhlinzwa. Udokotela wesikhumba noma udokotela ohlinzayo uzosebenzisa ummese obukhali (i-scalpel) ukususa iqhubu kanye nenani elincane lesikhumba esinempilo esizungezile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-melanoma esabalele

Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke (esigabeni sokugcina), ngaphezu kokususwa kwesigaxa ngokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kungahlanganiswa.

• Ukususwa kwe-lymphadenectomy: Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node aseduze, kungase kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe lawo ma-lymph node. Lokhu kungavimba umdlavuza ukuthi ungasabalali kakhulu.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwezitho zangaphakathi: Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele esithweni sangaphakathi, ingxenye ethintekile yaleso sitho ingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy: Lokhu kusebenza ngokuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze akhiqize amangqamuzana amaningi alwa namangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza okuqondiwe: Kulokhu, imithi ethile isetshenziswa ukuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela. Lokhu kubangela umonakalo omncane kumaseli anempilo.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Kulokhu, kunikezwa imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi iwavimbele ukuthi ande.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?

Lokhu kuzohluka kuye ngokwelashwa okutholayo.

• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa , kungathatha cishe isonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu ukuze isikhumba siphole.
• Ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngomdlavuza okuqondiwe , imiphumela eminingi emibi iyanyamalala uma ukwelashwa sekumisiwe.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi?

Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-nodular melanoma kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.

• Gwema ilanga elinamandla bese ufune umthunzi . Imisebe yelanga inamandla kakhulu phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama.
• Ungasebenzisi imibhede yokushisisa isikhumba . Esikhundleni salokho, sebenzisa into efana ne-spray tan.
• Gqoka izigqoko ezinemiphetho ebanzi, izibuko zelanga, izingubo ezinemikhono emide, kanye namabhulukwe amade noma nini lapho kungenzeka.
• Sebenzisa isivikelo selanga esine-spectrum ebanzi esine -SPF (Skin Protection Factor) engama-30 noma ngaphezulu . Phinda usifake njalo uma ujuluka noma ubhukuda.
• Uma usebenzisa i-lip balm, khetha equkethe i-sunscreen.
• Naka isikhumba sakho . Uma ubona amabala amasha, ama-moles, noma izinguquko endaweni ekhona, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Kwenzekani uma une-nodular melanoma?

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu nge-nodular melanoma. Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi, isibikezelo sakho sihle kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, i-nodular melanoma ingaba yingozi empilweni uma itholakala sekwephuzile ngoba ikhula ngokushesha . Ngakho-ke, uma itholakala ngokushesha futhi isuswa, amathuba akho okululama ngokugcwele ayanda .

Linjani izinga lokusinda?

Leli yiphesenti labantu abasaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokutholakala nokwelashwa nge-nodular melanoma.

• Izigaba 0, I kanye ne-II: 98.4%
• Isigaba III: 63.6%
• Isigaba IV: 22.5%

Uma ubheka lezi zibalo, ungabona ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthola ngokushesha, akunjalo?

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezingezansi, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

• Ukuvela kweqhubu elisha, eliqinile esikhumbeni.
• Ushintsho ngobukhulu, umbala, noma ukuma kwe-mole noma ibala elikhona.
• Ukuluma noma ukuphuma kwegazi ngenxa yeqhubu.
• Uma uke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphambili .
• Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onomdlavuza wesikhumba .
• Uma unomlando wokuchayeka kakhulu elangeni .

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma ubona udokotela wakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza imibuzo efana nale ukuze uthole ukuqonda okucacile ngesimo sakho.

• "Ungazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-nodular melanoma?"
• "Nginasiphi isigaba se-Nodular Melanoma?"
• "Ingakanani le melanoma enezinhlayiya?"
• "Lokhu kujule kangakanani esikhumbeni sami?"
• "Ingabe lo mdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wami?"
• "Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ozincomayo?"
• "Yimiphi imiphumela emibi ephelele yokwelashwa ngakunye?"
• "Angakanani amathuba okuthi le melanoma enezinhlayiya ibuye?"
• "Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yami yokuthola i-nodular melanoma futhi esikhathini esizayo?"

Ingabe i-nodular melanoma ingasuswa ngokuyiklwebha?

Lokhu akuyona into enhle neze ongayenza.Abanye abantu bangase bacabange, "O, kuyisigaxa esincane nje, vele usiklwebhe." Kodwa, ukwenza kanjalo ngeke kwelaphe lo mdlavuza. Eqinisweni, umdlavuza ungasakazeka kabanzi . Futhi, ukuklwebha kungabangela ukulimala kanye nokutheleleka . Ngakho-ke, ungalokothi wenze lokho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela bese uthola ukwelashwa okufanele.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi udumele uma uthola ukuthi une-nodular melanoma. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukunakekela isikhumba sakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma unesikhumba esikhanyayo noma ubhekene nokukhanya kwelanga okuningi.

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezintsha, amaqhubu angajwayelekile, noma amabala esikhumbeni sakho, ungachithi isikhathi bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha . Angachaza ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okudingayo nokuthi yini okufanele uyilindele. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ukwesaba nokukhathazeka kwakho. Khumbula, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusindisa impilo!

Umdlavuza wesikhumba , i-melanoma, i-melanoma enamaqhubu, amaqhubu esikhumba, imisebe yelanga, imisebe ye-UV, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba