Ingabe unesifo sokukhwehlela esomile esiqhubekayo esihlale siqhubeka izinsuku eziningi, mhlawumbe amasonto? Ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukuphefumula, ngisho nalapho uhamba ibanga elifushane, wenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, noma ukhuphuka izitebhisi? Esikhathini esiningi, sizilahla lezi zinto ngokuthi "umkhuhlane nje." Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngemuva kwalezi zimpawu, kungase kube nesimo samaphaphu esingakazwa kakhulu ngaso, kodwa okufanele sikhathazeke ngaso nakanjani. Namuhla, sikhuluma ngesifo esisodwa esinjalo, i-NSIP, noma i-Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia.
Kalula nje, iyini i-NSIP (Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia)?
Nakuba igama lingase libonakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, masiligcine lilula. I-NSIP nayo iwukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Kodwa ihlukile kancane ku-pneumonia evamile esivame ukuzwa ngayo.
Cabanga ngamaphaphu akho njengesitho esakhiwe yizigidi zamasaka omoya amancane afana namagilebhisi (i-alveoli). Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo ungena emaphashini bese ungena egazini ngalezi alveoli. Ku-NSIP, ukuvuvukala akwenzeki kuma-alveoli ngokwawo, kodwa ezikhaleni eziphakathi kwawo nezicubu ezizungeze imithambo yegazi . Yilokhu esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi "isifo samaphaphu esingaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi".
Lesi simo sivame ukubonakala kubantu abanesifo sezicubu ezixhumeneyo (i-CTD). Singase sihlotshaniswe nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Ngokungafani ne-pneumonia elula, evame ukuphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ingahlala isikhathi eside futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izibazi ezihlala njalo emaphashini.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-NSIP.
Odokotela bahlukanisa i-NSIP ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, kuye ngohlobo lomonakalo emaphashini. Kubalulekile ukuthi uzazi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili, ngoba ukwelashwa kanye nokubikezela kuncike ohlotsheni.
| Uhlobo lwe-NSIP | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-NSIP yeselula | Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi amangqamuzana aphakathi kwezikhwama zomoya esikhulume ngazo ekuqaleni ayavuvukala. Lokho kusho ukuthi lawo maseli ayavuvukala. Lolu uhlobo olungcono kancane kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-NSIP, futhi olusabela kahle ekwelashweni.Ingelapheka ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele. |
| I-NSIP ye-Fibrotic | Kulokhu, izicubu zamaphaphu ziba zijiyile, ziqine, futhi zibe nezibazi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-fibrosis . Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu , ngoba izibazi ezenzekayo azikwazi ukuguqulwa. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa, izinga okwenzeka ngalo lokhu kuzibazi lingalawulwa. |
Ingabe lokhu kuhlukile kune-pneumonia evamile?
Yebo, nakanjani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda lo mehluko.
- I-pneumonia: Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwezikhwama zomoya (izikhwama ezimise okwegilebhisi) emaphashini . Zingase zigcwale ubomvu noma uketshezi. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma amagciwane.
- I-Interstitial pneumonia (njenge-NSIP): Kulokhu, ukuvuvukala kwenzeka ezikhaleni eziphakathi kwezikhwama zomoya. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isakhiwo nohlaka lwamaphaphu lonakele. Ngokuvamile, imbangela ethile ye-NSIP ayitholakali.
Enye into ukuthi, i-'Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP)' elinye igama elisetshenziselwa lesi sifo i-'Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF).' I-IPF iyisifo esingenakuguqulwa, esibi kakhulu esibangela izibazi emaphashini. Kodwa-ke, i-NSIP, ikakhulukazi i-Cellular NSIP, ivame ukwelashwa ngokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, ungaziphambanisi lezi ezimbili.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-NSIP?
Izimpawu ze-NSIP zingase zingabonakali kakhulu ekuqaleni futhi zingase ziqhubeke ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ngalezi zimpawu.
- Ukukhwehlela okomile: Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko noluvame kakhulu. Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo nokucasulayo okungenamafinyila.
- Ukuphelelwa umoya: Ekuqaleni, kungase kuzwakale ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma ukuhamba ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kungaba nzima ukuphefumula ngisho noma umi nje.
- Ukuphefumula kanzima: Ukuzizwa sengathi kufanele wenze umzamo omkhulu ukuze uphefumule.
- Ukukhathala: Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele ngisho noma ungenzi msebenzi.
- Iminwe egobile: Lokhu akuvamile, kodwa abanye abantu bangase babe neminwe eyindilinga kanye nokuvuvukala okuzungeze izinzipho.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi ukukhwehlela okomile kanye nokuphelelwa umoya, amasonto amaningana noma uma ziba zimbi kakhulu, sicela ungakuzibi bese ubona udokotela.
Yini ebangela i-NSIP? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, ochwepheshe abakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-NSIP. Kodwa uma ubheka abantu abanalesi sifo, bathola ukuthi banezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Lokho kusho ukuthi nakuba kungelona iqiniso ukuthi lezi zimo zibangela i-NSIP, kukhona ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwazo.
Izinto ezilandelayo zandisa ingozi yokuthola i-NSIP.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubulili kanye nobudala | Lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala kwabesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-50 . |
| Ukuphazamiseka Kwezicubu Ezixhumeneyo | Lokhu kuyisixhumanisi esiyinhloko ne-NSIP. Lezi yizifo ezithinta amasosha omzimba lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona izicubu zawo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Rheumatoid Arthritis , i-Lupus , kanye ne -Scleroderma (isifo esenza isikhumba sibe lukhuni). |
| Ukutheleleka ngegciwane | Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane nazo zingaba khona. Izibonelo: I-HIV kanye ne-Hepatitis . |
| Ukusabela kweminye imithi | Eminye imithi ingabangela nomonakalo emaphashini njengomphumela ongemuhle. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-drug-induced interstitial pneumonia". Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye neminye imithi yesifo senhliziyo. |
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala alalele ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho. Kufanele futhi utshele udokotela nganoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo. Ngemuva kwalokho uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo.
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu: Lokhu kuhilela ukukunika umoya wokuphefumula emshinini, olinganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho angawuthatha umoya ongakanani nokuthi ungawukhipha ngokushesha kangakanani.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kusiza ekutholeni ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kokuthi kukhona yini ukuphazamiseka emaphashini.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Lokhu kungaveza izithombe ezicacile kakhulu, ezinobukhulu obuthathu kune-X-ray. I-CT scan ibalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe ngokunembile izinga lomonakalo wamaphaphu kanye nohlobo lwawo (lwamangqamuzana noma lwe-fibrotic).
- I-Bronchoscopy: Ithubhu elincane elikhanyisiwe elinekhamera lidluliselwa emlonyeni noma ekhaleni liye emaphashini ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi lemigudu yomoya. Uma kudingeka, kungathathwa isampula yamaseli ukuze kuhlolwe.
- I-Biopsy: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olungcono kakhulu lokuqinisekisa lesi sifo ngo-100%. Kulokhu, ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu isuswa ngokuhlinzwa emaphashini bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-NSIP?
Odokotela banemigomo emibili eyinhloko lapho belapha i-NSIP. Eyokuqala ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emaphashini. Eyokuqala ukulawula noma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo (njenge-arthritis) ezingase zibangele i-NSIP.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa amaphaphu nokunikeza umzimba inani elidingekayo lomoya-mpilo.
- Imithi:
- Ama-corticosteroids afana ne-Prednisolone: Lena imithi yohlobo lwe-steroid enciphisa ukuvuvukala ngokushesha.
- Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba: Imithi efana ne-'Azathioprine', i-'Cyclophosphamide', kanye ne-'Mycophenolate' isebenza ngokulawula ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokusivimba ekulimazeni amaphaphu aso.
- Imithi yokulwa ne-fibrotic: Imithi efana ne-'Pirfenidone' kanye ne-'Nintedanib' isetshenziswa kubantu abane-Fibrotic NSIP. Le mithi yehlisa izinga lokulimala emaphashini.
- I-Rituximab: Lona umuthi "we-biologic" osetshenziselwa izifo zezicubu ezixhumeneyo.
- Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha:
- Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu: Lolu uhlelo olukhethekile lokuzivocavoca kanye nokwelulekwa olusiza ekuphatheni ubunzima bokuphefumula nokuqinisa umzimba.
- Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: I-oxygen inikezwa ngepayipi kulabo abanamazinga aphansi e-oxygen egazini.
- Ukufakelwa amaphaphu: Lena yindlela yokugcina ecatshangelwayo kulabo abanesifo esibi kakhulu abahlulekile kuzo zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
Impilo izoba njani ngalesi sifo?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo incike ngqo kuhlobo luni lwe-NSIP onayo.
Ithemba lomuntu one- NSIP yeselula lihle kakhulu . Ngokwelashwa okufanele, kululama ngokuphelele. Izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu cishe liyi-100%. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka uphuze imithi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela izinyanga eziningana.
Ku- NSIP ye-fibrotic , umonakalo emaphashini awunakuguqulwa . Izibazi zihlala njalo. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ukwelashwa kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abantu bangaphila iminyaka eyi-6 kuya kweyi-14 ngemva kokuxilongwa.
Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?
Uma utholakale une-NSIP, kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho. Uma uya kudokotela wakho, ungakhohlwa ukubuza le mibuzo.
- Ingabe kukhona isizathu esithile sokuthi kungani ngingaba nalesi simo?
- Nginaluphi uhlobo, i-Cellular noma i-Fibrotic?
- Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu kimi?
- Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi kulezi zindlela zokwelapha?
- Kungakanani amathuba okuthi lesi sifo sizoba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?
- Ngingakwazi yini ukunciphisa ijubane lokulimala kwamaphaphu?
- Yiziphi izinto okufanele ngiziqaphele kakhulu empilweni yami yansuku zonke kanye nokudla neziphuzo?
- Kufanele ngiphinde ngimbone nini udokotela?
Ukubuza imibuzo efana nale nokuqonda kahle isimo sakho kuzokusiza kakhulu ukusekela ukwelashwa kwakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-NSIP akuyona nje i-pneumonia evamile. Yisimo esithinta izicubu eziphakathi kwezikhwama zomoya zamaphaphu.
- Ukukhwehlela okomile okuqhubekayo kanye nokuphelelwa umoya ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca yizimpawu eziyinhloko. Ungazinaki lezi.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-NSIP: i-Cellular (eyelaphekayo) kanye ne-Fibrotic (engathi sína, kodwa elawulekayo).
- Uma unesifo sezicubu ezixhumeneyo (isib. isifo samathambo), qaphela kakhulu izimpawu ezihlobene namaphaphu akho.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile nokwelashwa. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela kahle.
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