Uyazi nge-(O-RADS)? Ibaluleke kangakanani le ndlela ekuxilongeni izinkinga zesibeletho?

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kakhulu lapho iskeni sembula ushintsho noma inkinga (isilonda) emaqanda noma ezindaweni ezizungezile (sibiza lezi zindawo `(adnexal)`). Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kukhona indlela ekhethekile esiza odokotela ezimweni ezinjalo futhi ikunikeze ulwazi olunembile. Leyo ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi `(O-RADS)`. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla nje.

Kuyini (i-O-RADS)? Ake siqonde kahle!

I-O-RADS™ imele i-Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System. Kalula nje, iyithuluzi elikhethekile elisetshenziswa odokotela. Uyazi ukuthi lenzelwe ini? Isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa noma yiziphi izilonda, izinguquko, noma amaqhubu atholakala kuskeni lwama-ovari akho (noma izindawo ezizungezile, okuyilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-adnexals—amapayipi e-fallopian, ama-ovari, kanye nezicubu ezixhumanisayo ezibamba izitho zohlelo lwakho lokuzala ndawonye).

Ngokusho kohlelo lwe-O-RADS, isilonda silinganiswa ngesilinganiso esisuka ku-0 kuya ku-5. Uma inani liphezulu, kulapho ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza iphakama khona . Nansi indlela esebenza ngayo:

• I-O-RADS 0: Lokhu kusho ukuthi ulwazi oluvela kuskeni alukwazi ukusetshenziswa ukwenza ukuhlolwa okunembile, futhi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Ukuskena kungase kungacaci.
• I-O-RADS 1: Lona umphumela omuhle kakhulu! Kusho ukuthi ama-ovari akho aphilile futhi ajwayelekile.
• I-O-RADS 2: Lapha, noma ngabe kukhona `(isilonda)`, amathuba okuba kube nomdlavuza aphansi kakhulu (ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-1%). Lokhu kuvame ukubhekwa `(okungenabungozi)`, okusho ukuthi akuzona umdlavuza.
• I-O-RADS 3: Lapha, kunethuba elincane lokuthi umdlavuza ungase ube khona, kodwa liphansi (ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-1% no-10%). Odokotela bakhathazekile kancane ngalokhu, futhi bangase bakucele ukuthi wenze okunye ukuskena ngemva kwesikhashana.
• I-O-RADS 4: Lapha, amathuba omdlavuza asezingeni eliphakathi nendawo (ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-10% no-50%). Lokhu kuyasolisa kancane. Ngakho odokotela bangenza ezinye izivivinyo kulokhu, futhi bangakuthumela kuchwepheshe.
• I-O-RADS 5: Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingozi yomdlavuza iphezulu kakhulu (ngokuvamile ingaphezu kuka-50%). Kulesi simo, kudingeka isinyathelo esisheshayo.

Kodwa i-O-RADS ingaphezu nje kohlelo lokuhlukanisa. Ikomidi elalusungula (olwasungulwa yi-American College of Radiology) liphinde lasungula isichazamazwi (isethi yamagama ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa ukuchaza lokho okubonwa kuma-scan - okubizwa ngokuthi isichazamazwi) kanye nezincomo zalokho ukwelashwa okufanele abantu eqenjini ngalinye elisengozini. Lokhu kuwusizo olukhulu kodokotela ekwenzeni izinqumo.

Isetshenziswa nini i-O-RADS?

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa lolu hlelo lwe-``(O-RADS)``` ukuze abone futhi ahlukanise izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ama-cyst esibeletho: Lawa amaqhubu akheka kuma-ovary akho. Amanye ama-cyst angama-sacs agcwele uketshezi futhi awayona ingozi. Kodwa amanye ayinto okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo.
• Izinhlayiya ze-Adnexal: Izinhlayiya noma izinhlayiya ezakheka emapayipini e-fallopian noma emithanjeni ebamba izitho zohlelo lokuzala ndawonye. Lezi zingaba nezinhlobo ezahlukene.

Ngakho-ke, uma isimo esinjengalesi sibonakala kuskeni, i-O-RADS iyasiza ukuqonda uhlobo lwayo oluqondile nokuhlola ukuthi iyingozi kangakanani.

Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko ze-(O-RADS)?

Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-O-RADS, kuye ngohlobo lokuskena olusetshenzisiwe. Okusho ukuthi, luyahlukahluka kancane kuye ngohlobo lokuskena olusetshenzisiwe ukuthola ulwazi.

(I-O-RADS Ultrasound - US)

Lena yindlela eyinhloko neyinhloko esetshenziswa ku-O-RADS. Lapha, kusetshenziswa i-ultrasound yesisu noma i-ultrasound ye-transvaginal. Njengoba wazi, i-ultrasound iyindlela yokuthatha izithombe zangaphakathi komzimba kusetshenziswa amaza omsindo.

Ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasound bungabona ama-ovari kanye nezilonda ezihambisana nawo ngokucacile. I-ultrasound edluliselwa ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane ikakhulukazi ingaveza izithombe ezicacile ngoba ingenziwa eduze kakhulu nama-ovari.

(I-MRI ye-O-RADS)

I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ukuhlolwa okunikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezicubu ezithambile zomzimba wethu. I-MRI isebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe namagagasi omsakazo. Kuwukuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi okubiza kakhulu kune-ultrasound.

Uma odokotela bengenalo ulwazi olwanele oluvela ku-ultrasound, noma uma bedinga ulwazi olwengeziwe ukuze bathole isifo, noma uma kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isimo sinomdlavuza noma cha, kusetshenziswa le ndlela ye-MRI. I-O-RADS MRI inqubo yokuhlaziya izithombe ze-MRI nokuzihlukanisa zibe yi-O-RADS.

Kwenzekani ngempela nge-(O-RADS)? Kubaluleke ngani lokhu?

Uhlelo lwe-O-RADS lunezinhloso eziningana eziyinhloko. Lezi zibaluleke kakhulu kuwe nakodokotela bakho.

• Ukunikeza izincazelo ezihambisanayo zemibiko yokuhlolwa: Cabanga ukuthi kungaba yinkinga engakanani uma bekungadingeka uhumushe umbiko weskeni ngendlela eyodwa uma uya kudokotela oyedwa kanye nenye indlela uma uya komunye? Ngenxa ye-O-RADS, bonke odokotela kanye nezibhedlela e-United States (futhi manje emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele) bahlukanisa izilonda zesibeletho kanye nezihlobene ngendlela efanayo, ejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthola kuphi ukwelashwa, umbiko uzosho into efanayo. Lokhu kuqeda ukudideka okukhulu.

• Ukwandisa ukunemba kokuxilongwa:I-O-RADS inciphisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela engalungile yezilonda zesibeletho kanye nezihlobene nazo. Iphinde inciphise ukuhlinzwa okungadingekile ezimweni ezingengozi. I-O-RADS ihlaziya izici zesilonda (isib. usayizi, ukuma, nokuqukethwe) ngendlela yesayensi kakhulu.

• Ukunikeza izincomo zokwelapha zesigaba ngasinye: Ngohlelo lwe-`(O-RADS)`, odokotela bathola izincomo zokwelapha ezijwayelekile zesigaba ngasinye sengozi (okuyi-O-RADS 0 kuya ku-5). Isibonelo, kumuntu onesigaba se-O-RADS sesi-2, isincomo esifana nokuthi, "Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho, lokhu cishe akunangozi, sizobuya emuva kwesikhashana." Kodwa nge-O-RADS 4 noma 5, isincomo esifana nokuthi, "Sidinga ukwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe kulokhu maduze futhi sikuthumele kuchwepheshe uma kudingeka" sinikezwa.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zohlelo lwe-(O-RADS)? Kungani lukuhle kuwe?

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho kusetshenziswa i-transvaginal ultrasound kanye ne-tumor marker CA-125 ngezinye izikhathi kunganikeza imiphumela eyiphutha. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungase utholakale unomdlavuza, kodwa kamuva uthole ukuthi awukaze ube nomdlavuza. Cabanga ngokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka okungahambisana nalokho! Mhlawumbe ngisho nokudinga ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwesizathu?

Ngezinye izikhathi, iziguli ziyahlinzwa ngisho noma kungadingeki ngempela. Okubalulekile, ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa "kwezilonda" ezingenawo umdlavuza kunezinga lezinkinga elingu-17.8%. Ngamanye amazwi, ingxenye enkulu yabantu abahlinzwa ngokungadingekile iba nezinkinga zempilo ezihlobene nokuhlinzwa.

Uhlelo lwe-O-RADS lubheka izici eziningana. Isibonelo, izici zesilonda (usayizi, indawo, ukubukeka, ukuthi kukhona yini izinto eziqinile ngaphakathi, igazi linjani) nokuthi ngabe uke wadlula esikhathini sokuya esikhathini. Ngoba uma kuvela isilonda esisha esibelethweni kumuntu odlule esikhathini sokuya esikhathini, kufanele ukhathazeke kakhulu ngaso.

Umgomo oyinhloko ukunciphisa ukuhlinzwa okungadingekile kubantu abanezilonda ezingezona umdlavuza. Omunye umgomo uwukudlulisela ngokushesha abantu abanezilonda ezisolisayo noma ezinomdlavuza kuchwepheshe ofanele kakhulu (isibonelo, udokotela wezinsana zabesifazane). Ngakho-ke, uzothunyelwa kuphela ukuze uhlinzwe uma ukudinga ngempela.

Ubani owadala uhlelo lwe-(O-RADS)?

Uhlelo olubaluleke kangaka aluvele lwenzeke ngobusuku obubodwa, akunjalo? Ngo-2018, i-American College of Radiology, inhlangano ehamba phambili ye-radiology e-United States, yaxhasa ikomidi lodokotela bamazwe ngamazwe abamele imikhakha ehlukahlukene yobuchwepheshe (njenge-gynecology, i-radiology, kanye ne-oncology), futhi yathuthukisa uhlelo lwe-O-RADS. Ikomidi le-O-RADS US - Ultrasound laze labuyekeza isichazamazwi ngoNovemba 2022. Lokhu kusho ukuthi luhlelo oluvuselelwa njalo ngolwazi olusha.

Iyiphi impumuzo oyitholayo kulokhu?

Kuvamile ukuzizwa sengathi umhlaba umile futhi uzizwa uthwele kanzima enhliziyweni yakho uma uthola ukuthi kukhona okusolisayo okuphume kuskeni yakho. Njengoba uqhubeka nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa noma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okungahambi kahle, ukukhathazeka nokwesaba kwakho kunganda usuku nosuku.

Kodwa-ke, indlela ye-O-RADS inciphisa amathuba okuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa engalungile. Lokho kusho ukuthi mancane amathuba okuthi utholakale unomdlavuza uma ungenayo ngempela. Lokho kunciphisa nengozi yokuhlinzwa okungadingekile. Indlela ye-O-RADS ikusiza ukuthi uthole izimpendulo ozidingayo ngokushesha nangokunembile. Akuyona yini impumuzo enkulu leyo?

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho yilezi:

• I-O-RADS iyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu, ejwayelekile, futhi yesayensi esiza odokotela ukuhlonza nokuhlukanisa izinkinga zesibeletho kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nazo (izilonda).
• Le ndlela iholela ekuxilongweni okunembe kakhudlwana, ukuhlinzwa okungadingekile okumbalwa, kanye nesiqondiso esicacile sokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ozidingayo.
• Uma umbiko wakho wokuskena unesigaba se-O-RADS, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho futhi ufunde kabanzi. Ungakhathazeki, lezi zindlela zilapha ukuzokusiza.
• Khumbula, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphila impilo enempilo. Ngakho-ke, landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho bese uthola izivivinyo ezidingekayo.

Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo!

I- O-RADS, i-Ovarian, i-Adnexal, i-Lesion, i-Ultrasound, i-MRI, umdlavuza, i-Gynecology