Ingabe ingane yakho encane inenkani kakhulu futhi ayilaleli yonke into? Ake sifunde nge-ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)!

Ingabe ingane yakho ngezinye izikhathi iyenqaba ukukulalela bese iqala ukulwa? Kuvamile ukuthi izingane ziziphathe ngale ndlela lapho zisencane, ikakhulukazi lapho zineminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala, ngisho nalapho sezikhulile kancane (cishe zineminyaka eyi-13 noma eyi-14 ubudala). Kodwa uma lokhu kulukhuni nokungalaleli kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi kubonakala sengathi kungaphezu kokujwayelekile eminyakeni yazo, kungaba yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ODD. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, ungakhathazeki, uma sesiqonda lezi zinto, kunezindlela esingasiza ngazo.

Kuyini i-ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)?

Kalula nje, i-ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) yisimo sempilo yengqondo lapho ingane ibonisa khona ukuziphatha okungapheli kokungabambisani, ukungalaleli, futhi ngezinye izikhathi okunobutha kubantu abadala (njengabazali nothisha) . Lokhu kuziphatha kungaphazamisa kakhulu imisebenzi yansuku zonke yengane, ubudlelwano bomndeni, kanye nomsebenzi wesikole.

Cabanga nje, utshela ingane yakho ukuthi ibeke amathoyizi eceleni ngemva kokudlala. Bese iphikisana ithi, "Angikwazi, wena uwabeke eceleni," noma yenza sengathi ayikuzwa. Kujwayelekile ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke kanye noma kabili. Kodwa uma lezi zinto zenzeka njalo, isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi zinzima futhi zingalingani nobudala bengane , khona-ke kufanele sicabange nge-ODD.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuzona zonke izingane ezine-ODD eziyizingane "ezimbi". Lesi yisimo esingaphezu kwamandla azo futhi esidinga ukwelashwa.

Yiziphi ezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezingaba khona nge-ODD?

Izingane eziningi kanye nentsha ene-ODD nazo zinesinye noma ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo. Lokhu kubalulekile futhi ngoba zonke lezi zidinga ukucatshangelwa lapho zelashwa.

• Isifo sokungakwazi ukunaka kakhulu (ADHD): Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu esibonakala nge-ODD.
• Izinkinga zokukhathazeka: Isibonelo, izinto ezifana nokwesaba okungenangqondo kanye nesifo sokuzikhukhumeza (OCD) .
• Umehluko ekufundeni: Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nobunzima bokufunda.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo: Izimo ezifana nokucindezeleka .
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulawula umfutho.

Cishe ama-30% ezingane ezine-ODD kamuva zizoba nesimo sokuziphatha esibi kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-Conduct Disorder (CD) . Uma i-ODD ingahlolwanga kahle futhi ingelashwa, lezi zimpawu zingase ziqhubeke zize zibe ngabantu abadala.

Kuyini Ukuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha (i-CD)? Ingabe kubi kakhulu kune-ODD?

I-Conduct Disorder (CD) yisimo lapho ingane noma umuntu osemusha eziphatha ngobudlova kwabanye futhi ephula imithetho nezindinganiso zomphakathi ezamukelekayo njalo . Kungathiwa sinzima kakhulu kune-ODD.

Ezinye zezici zezingane ezine-CD yilezi:

• Ukwephula imithetho engathi sína ngokuphindaphindiwe. Isibonelo, ukubaleka ekhaya, ukungalaleli uma utshelwa ukuthi ungaphumi ebusuku, kanye nokungaphumi esikoleni.
• Ukuba nolaka ngendlela elimaza abanye. Cabanga ngezinto ezifana nokuhlukumeza abanye abantwana, ukulwa, noma ukuhlukumeza izilwane.
• Ukuqamba amanga, ukweba, nokubhubhisa izinto zabanye abantu ngamabomu .

Izingane ezine-CD zinamathuba amaningi okulimala, futhi zinenkinga yokuzwana nabangani.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ODD ne-ADHD?

Lezi zimo ezimbili zivame ukudideka. Cishe u-40% wezingane ezine -ADHD (isifo sokuntuleka kokunaka/ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo) nazo zingaba ne-ODD noma isifo sokuziphatha esihlobene naso. Nakuba lezi zimo ezimbili zingaba khona ndawonye, ​​ziyizimo ezimbili ezihlukene.

• I-ODD imayelana nokuziphatha kwengane kanye nendlela exhumana ngayo nabazali, izingane zakubo, othisha, kanye nabangani.
• I-ADHD yisifo sokukhula kwezinzwa esibangela ukuba ingane iphazamiseke kalula, ibe nobunzima bokuhlala ihlelekile, futhi ihlale ingahlaliseki.

Kalula nje, ingane ene-ADHD ingase ingalaleli ngenxa yokungahlaliseki nokunganakwa. Kodwa ingane ene-ODD ivame ukwephula imithetho ngamabomu, iphikisane, futhi imelane nayo .

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yi-ODD? Yiziphi izici eziyingozi?

I-ODD ivame ukubonakala ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingathinta nabantu abadala. Ivame ukuqala cishe eminyakeni engu-8. Ezinye izingane ziyakhula zidlule kulesi simo njengoba zikhula, noma zibe ngcono ngokwelashwa okufanele. Kodwa kwabanye, lezi zimpawu zingase ziqhubeke zize zibe ngabantu abadala.

Nakuba i-ODD ivame kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazane ebuntwaneni, ithinta ubulili ngokulinganayo lapho umuntu esekhulile.

Izici eziyingozi zengane yakho ezithuthukisa i-ODD zifaka:

• Ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukunganakwa ebuntwaneni.
• Uma umzali noma umnakekeli enesifo sengqondo , noma enezinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma utshwala .
• Ukuchayeka ebudloveni.
• Ukuba nesiyalo esishintsha njalo kanye nokuntuleka kokuqondisa komuntu omdala.
• Ukungazinzi emndenini. Isibonelo, abazali abahlukanayo, ukufuduka njalo, ukushintsha izikole njalo.
• Izinkinga zezimali zomndeni.
• Uma abazali beke baba nezinkinga ze-ODD, i-ADHD, noma ezinye izinkinga zokuziphatha noma okwamanje.

Ivame kangakanani i-ODD?

Abacwaningi bathi phakathi kuka-2% no-11% wezinganeI-ODD iyathinta. Isizathu salolu hlu olubanzi ukuthi ezinye izingane zingase zihlonzwe kabi njengezine-Conduct Disorder, futhi lesi simo asihlolwa kahle ezinganeni ezincane. Ukusabalala kwe-ODD kuncipha njengoba iminyaka ikhula.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-ODD? Uzibona kanjani?

Izimpawu ze-ODD zivame ukuqala cishe eminyakeni engu-8. Lezi zimpawu zihlala zisezingeni elifanayo phakathi kweminyaka engu-5 nengu-10, bese ngokuvamile (nakuba kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi) ziqala ukwehla.

Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingabonakala ezindaweni eziningana, njengasekhaya nasesikoleni, zingase zibonakale kakhulu ekhaya noma esikoleni .

Izimpawu ze-ODD zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Intukuthelo nokucasuka.

2. Ukuphikisana nokuziphatha kokungalaleli.

3. Isisusa sokuziphindiselela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane eziningi ezine-ODD zingase zibe nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo njalo, zisheshe zicasuke, zingazethembi, futhi zingase ziphendukele ezidakamizweni nasetshwaleni.

Intukuthelo nokucasuka

Lezi zimpawu ziyingxenye yokuxilongwa kwe-ODD. Uma ingane yakho ine-ODD, ungase ubone izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Uthukuthela kalula.
• Ukuhlala ethukuthele futhi ekhombisa inzondo .
• Ngisho nezinto ezincane ezenziwa abanye zingakulimaza imizwa yakho futhi zikwenze uzizwe ucasukile .
• Uhlala ethukuthele futhi ekhuluma ngokungahloniphi .

Ukuphikisana nokuziphatha kokungalaleli

Lokhu futhi kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile se-ODD. Ingane yakho ingase iziphathe kanje:

• Ukuphikisana nabantu abadala kakhulu.
• Benqaba ngamabomu ukulalela izicelo nemithetho.
• Basola abanye ngamaphutha abo.
• Ukuzama ngamabomu ukuthukuthela nokulimaza abanye .

Isisusa sokuziphindiselela

Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ze-ODD ezibonisa impindiselo:

• Ukubamba igqubu nokufuna ukuziphindiselela.
• Uma uthukuthela futhi uzwa ubuhlungu, usho amazwi amabi nabuhlungu .

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-ODD?

Ayikho imbangela eyodwa ye-ODD. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ibangelwa inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yezinto eziphilayo, izakhi zofuzo kanye nezemvelo .

Amathonya ezakhi zofuzo

Ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi cishe ama-50% e-ODD abangelwa izakhi zofuzo . Izingane eziningi kanye nentsha ene-ODD zinamalungu omndeni aseduze anezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, njengokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka, kanye nokuphazamiseka kobuntu . Futhi, izingane eziningi ezine-ODD zinezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo, njenge-ADHD, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokukhathazeka, ngakho-ke kucatshangwa ukuthi kungase kube nokuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwalezi zimo.

Izizathu zebhayoloji

Ezinye izifundo zisikisela ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kungabangelwa izinguquko ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ODD ingabangelwa izinkinga ngamakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters, asiza ukuthumela imiyalezo phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni . Uma la makhemikhali engalingani noma engasebenzi kahle, imiyalezo ayikwazi ukuhamba kahle ebuchosheni, futhi izimpawu zingavela.

Izici zemvelo

Impilo yomndeni ephithizelayo , ukuphathwa kabi kwasebuntwaneni, kanye nokuqondiswa kwabazali okungaguquki kungasiza ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ODD. Ukwenqatshwa kontanga , amaqembu ontanga amabi , ubumpofu , ubudlova bomakhelwane , nezinye izici zomphakathi noma zomnotho ezingazinzile nazo zingaba negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ODD.

Okubalulekile: Ukuthi nje ingane inesinye salezi zici akusho ukuthi izoba ne-ODD. Futhi, i-ODD ingenzeka ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi zalezi zici. Lezi zizinto eziyingozi kuphela.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesiqiniseko sokuthi une-ODD? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo baxilonga i-ODD lapho ingane ibonisa okungenani izimpawu ezine ezibalwe ku -Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha . Izimpawu kumele futhi zibe zimbi ngokwanele ukuthi ziphazamise impilo yengane yansuku zonke .

Uma ingane yakho ikhombisa izimpawu ze-ODD, kufanele ibone udokotela wengqondo wezingane kanye nowentsha noma udokotela wezifo zengqondo . Laba ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo basebenzisa izingxoxo nokuhlolwa okuklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlola ingane yakho ngesimo sempilo yengqondo.

Ngokuvamile, odokotela bezifo zengqondo kanye nodokotela bezengqondo bathola ulwazi kubazali, izingane zakubo, abangane, kanye nothisha ukuze bathole ukuqonda okuphelele ngokuziphatha kwengane.

Udokotela wezifo zengqondo noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sengane yakho kuzodingeka ahlole ingane yakho ngokucophelela futhi ahlukanise i-ODD kwezinye izimo ezingase zibe nezimpawu ezifanayo, njenge:

• Amazinga aphansi noma aphakathi okuziphatha kokubhikisha.
• I-ADHD engelashwanga (isifo sokuntuleka kokunaka/sokungasebenzi kahle) .
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo.
• Izinkinga zokukhathazeka kanye ne-OCD (isifo sokuzikhukhumeza ngokweqile).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-ODD?

Ukwelashwa kwe-ODD kuncike ezintweni eziningana, isibonelo:

• Ubudala bengane yakho.
• Ubunzima bezimpawu.
• Ikhono lengane lokuhlanganyela nokubekezelela ukwelashwa okuthile.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingane inezinye izimo ezifana ne-ADHD, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, noma i-OCD.

Ukwelashwa kwe-ODD kufanele kuhilele ingane, umndeni wakho, kanye nesikole somntwana .

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuqukethe inhlanganisela yalezi zinto:

• Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabazali Ukuphathwa (i-PMT).
• Ukwelapha ngengqondo (ukwelapha ngokukhuluma).
• Ukungenelela okusekelwe esikoleni.

Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabazali Ukuphathwa (i-PMT)

Lena yindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha ukuziphatha okuphikisayo okuhlobene ne-ODD. Ifundisa abazali indlela yokushintsha ukuziphatha kwengane yabo ekhaya ngokusebenzisa ukuqinisa okuhle ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okungafanele nokwandisa ukuziphatha okuhle.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokuqeqesha. Lezi zivame ukuba nezikhathi eziningana esikhathini esingamasonto amaningana. Phakathi nalezi zikhathi, abazali bafunda ukuqaphela ukuziphatha okuyinkinga kanye nokusebenzisana okuhle kanye nokunikeza isijeziso esifanele noma impendulo enhle.

Indlela ye-PMT ifakazelwe ukuthi iyasiza kakhulu ekunciphiseni izinkinga zokuziphatha emindenini eyahlukahlukene, kuzo zonke izizinda ezahlukahlukene.

Ukwelapha ngengqondo

Ukwelapha ngengqondo igama elijwayelekile lamasu ahlukahlukene okwelapha akusiza ukuthi ubone futhi ushintshe imizwa, imicabango, kanye nokuziphatha okuyinkinga. Ukusebenza nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo, njengodokotela wengqondo noma wezifo zengqondo, kungakunikeza ukwesekwa, imfundo, kanye nesiqondiso enganeni yakho nomndeni wakho.

Ezinye izindlela ezivamile zokwelashwa kwengqondo ezingasiza ekwelapheni i-ODD yilezi:

Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT)

Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ehlelekile, egxile emigomweni, futhi eqondene nomuntu ngamunye . Umeluleki usiza ingane ukuthi ibheke ngokujulile imicabango nemizwa yayo. Ingane iyaqonda ukuthi imicabango yayo ithinta kanjani izenzo zayo. Nge-CBT, ingane ingafunda ukuyeka imicabango nemikhuba emibi futhi ithuthukise amaphethini nemikhuba yokucabanga enempilo . Ukuqeqeshwa kokulawula intukuthelo okusekelwe ku-CBT kuyasiza kakhulu ezinganeni ezine-ODD ezinezinkinga zokulawula intukuthelo. Ezinganeni ezindala, ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokuthatha umbono kuyasiza.

Ukwelashwa okugxile emndenini

Lolu hlobo lokwelapha lungolwabantwana abane-ODD kanye nabanakekeli babo. Phakathi nalolu hlobo lokwelapha, ingane nomndeni bahlanganyela emihlanganweni yokwelapha ndawonye ukuze bathole imfundo yengqondo mayelana ne-ODD, bathuthukise amakhono okuxhumana, futhi bathuthukise amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga.Ukufunda. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni izici ezikhona ekhaya ezibangela noma ezibhebhethekisa ukuziphatha okunolaka.

Ukungenelela okusesikoleni

Ukungenelela okusekelayo okusiza ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi wesikole, ubudlelwano bontanga, kanye namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga kuyasiza kakhulu ekwelapheni i-ODD.

Lokhu kungenelela kungafaka:

• Ukunikeza othisha bengane imfundo namathuluzi okuthuthukisa ukuziphatha kwekilasi.
• Amasu okuvimbela ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo noma ukonakala kokuziphatha okunjalo.
• Ezinye izindlela zokusiza ingane yakho ukuba ilandele imithetho yekilasi kanye nokuxhumana nabantu okwamukelekayo.

Ingabe ikhona imithi ye-ODD?

Nakuba kungekho mithi evunyelwe ngokusemthethweni yokwelapha i-ODD, udokotela noma udokotela wengqondo wengane yakho angase anikeze imithi yokwelapha ezinye izimo angase abe nazo, njenge -ADHD, i-OCD, noma ukucindezeleka . Uma lezi zimo zingelashwa, zingenza izimpawu ze-ODD zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Iyini inkambo yesikhathi esizayo ye-ODD? (Isibikezelo)

Izingane ezine-ODD zingaba nezinkinga ezinkulu esikoleni, ekhaya, kanye nasebudlelwaneni nabantu.

I-ODD encane noma ephakathi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba iminyaka ikhula. Kodwa-ke, amacala anzima kakhulu angakhula abe yi-Conduct Disorder .

Isibikezelo se-ODD singaba sibi ngenxa yokuntuleka kokwelashwa kanye nokusekelwa ngabazali. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele kwezinye izimo ezihambisanayo (njenge-ADHD noma i-OCD), ukwelashwa komuntu ngamunye noma komndeni, kanye nokuba ngumzali omuhle, kungalindelwa imiphumela emihle.

Ingabe i-ODD ingavinjelwa?

I-ODD ingase ingavinjelwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ukuqaphela nokuphatha izimpawu ngokushesha nje lapho zivela kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka enganeni nasemndenini. Kungasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni izinkinga eziningi ezihambisana nalesi simo. Imindeni ingafunda nokuthi yenzeni uma izimpawu ziphinde zibuye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudala indawo yasekhaya enakekelayo, esekelayo, nezinzile kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu futhi kuvimbele izimo zokuziphatha okuphikisayo.

Ungayinakekela kanjani ingane ene-ODD? Iseluleko kubazali

Uma ingane yakho ine-ODD, ngaphezu kokunikeza ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe, nazi ezinye izindlela ongasiza ngazo wena nengane yakho:

• Yakha phezu kwezinzuzo: Ncoma ingane yakho uma ikhombisa ukuguquguquka noma ukwesekwa, yinikeze impendulo enhle , futhi yazise ngisho nesenzo esincane kakhulu.
• Thatha isikhathi sokuphumula uma kudingeka: ​​Uma uzizwa sengathi wenza ingxabano nengane yakho ibe yimbi kakhulu kunokuba ibe ngcono, hamba kude nayo isikhashana.Lesi yisibonelo esihle enganeni. Uma ingane inquma ukuthatha ikhefu ukuze ivimbele isimo esibi ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu, yisekele.
• Hlala uvumelana: Beka imingcele efanele iminyaka, efanelekile enemiphumela yokuziphatha okubi. Qinisekisa lokhu njalo. Hlala uvumelana nemithetho futhi. Ungasho lutho namuhla bese usho olunye kusasa.
• Zinakekele: Qhubeka nokwenza izinto ozithandayo kanye nemisebenzi oyithandayo, futhi uzinakekele (ukuzinakekela) . Sebenza nabanye abantu abadala abasebenzelana nengane yakho, bese uzama ukuthola ukwesekwa yibo. Uma uphilile kuphela lapho ungasiza khona ingane yakho.
• Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha: Uma ingane yakho itholakale ine-ODD, kodwa ukuziphatha kwayo kuya ngokuba kubi noma kuphazamisa impilo yomndeni noma yesikole, khuluma nochwepheshe wayo wezempilo yengqondo. Uma ingane yakho ibonisa ukuziphatha okulimaza abanye (ezinye izingane noma izilwane) , funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukusebenzelana nezingane eziphikisayo neziphazamisayo kungaba yinselele kubazali. Nakuba kuvamile ukuthi izingane ezincane nezingane ezincane zibonise ukuziphatha okuphikisayo ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuziphatha okuqhubekayo nokuphazamisayo kungaba uphawu lwe-ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder).

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa kwe-ODD kusenesikhathi . Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwelashwa ukukhuluma nodokotela noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo . Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo. Bakhona ukukusiza. Awuwedwa , futhi baningi abantu abangakusiza ukubhekana nalesi simo.

Khumbula, i-ODD akuyona iphutha lengane noma elakho. Uma uqonda lokhu, ungasiza ingane yakho ngothando, isineke, kanye nesiqondiso esifanele.

` ODD, Ukuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha, Impilo Yengqondo Yengane, Izingane Ezingalaleli, Iseluleko Sokukhulisa Abazali, Inkani, Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha