Ufunda kanjani lesi sihloko? Uzibona kanjani izinto ezinhle emhlabeni okuzungezile, ubuso babathandekayo bakho? Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kukhona ukuxhumana okumangalisayo phakathi kwamehlo ethu nobuchopho bethu. Okuyinhloko okwakha lokho kuxhumana, okusebenza njenge-'data cable', yi-optic nerve, noma i-optic nerve . Ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla.
Iyini ngempela i-Optic Nerve?
Kalula nje, i-optic nerve iyinqwaba yezigidi zemicu yezinzwa, njengekhebula elenziwe ngezintambo zikagesi eziningi. Le mizwa iqala ngemuva kwamehlo ethu futhi ixhumane ngqo nobuchopho bethu.
Lena yindlela elula yokucabanga ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani.
- Iso lakho lifana nekhamera.
- I-retina, ngemuva kweso, ifana nenzwa ekule khamera. Ithola ukukhanya futhi iguqula lokho esikubonayo kube izimpawu zikagesi.
- Inzwa ye-optic ifana nekhebula elixhumanisa ikhamera nekhompyutha. Okusho ukuthi, izimpawu zikagesi ezikhiqizwa ku-retina zithwalwa ziye 'kukhompyutha' ebizwa ngokuthi ubuchopho ngale nzwa ye-optic.
Lona ngowesibili kwemizwa engu-12 ye-cranial exhunywe ngqo ebuchosheni bethu. Kodwa lona uhlukile kancane kweminye imizwa. Ngoba, ubhekwa njengengxenye yeSistimu Yethu Yezinzwa Ephakathi (CNS) , okungukuthi, ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla. Eminye imizwa ye-cranial ingeyohlelo lwezinzwa oluhambayo (PNS) .
Ikuphi le nzwa yokubona?
Uhambo lwalezi zinzwa ezimbili, oluqala ngemuva kwamehlo akho luhambe luye ebuchosheni bakho, luyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Uhambo luhamba kanje:
1. Umsele Wokubona: Okokuqala, lo mthambo ungena ekhanda lethu ngomhubhe omncane owenziwe ngethambo obizwa ngokuthi umsele wokubona.
2. I-Optic Chiasm: Uma isingaphakathi kwekhanda, kuba nokuhlangana okufana no-Y lapho imizwa evela emehlweni amabili ihlangana khona. Lapha kwenzeka into emangalisayo. Eminye imicu yezinzwa evela esweni lokunene ishintshelwa kwesobunxele, kanti eminye imicu yezinzwa evela esweni lokunene ishintshelwa kwesokudla.
3. Ubuchopho: Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlangana, imicu yezinzwa iya ngqo ku -cortex ebonakalayo , indawo engemuva kobuchopho. Yilapho sihumusha futhi sihlaziye lokho esikubonayo "njengezithombe." Lokhu kudluliswa kwezinzwa yikho okusivumela ukuthi sihlanganise izithombe ezivela emehlweni womabili zibe isithombe esisodwa, esicacile se-3D.
Ingabe ikhona eminye imisebenzi ngaphandle kokubona?
Yebo, impela. Endleleni eya ebuchosheni, ingxenye encane yalezi zinzwa isakazeka kwezinye izindawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezintweni ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuzindla Komfundi: Cabanga ukuthi uma ngokuzumayo ungena ekukhanyeni kwelanga okukhanyayo, inhlamvu yamehlo akho iyancipha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Futhi uma ungena ekamelweni elimnyama, iyakhula. Lokhu kwenzeka ukulawula inani lokukhanya okungena esweni. Njengoba le nqubo kufanele yenzeke ngokushesha okukhulu, izimpawu zayo zithunyelwa yilawo ma-nerve fibers ahlukanisayo.
- I-Accommodation Reflex: Uma ubheka incwadi ephambi kwakho bese ubheka isihlahla esikude ngokuzumayo, isihlahla siyacaca. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuma kwelensi ngaphakathi kweso kuyashintsha, okuvumela ukuthi igxile ezintweni ezikude neziseduze. Inzwa ye-optic nayo ihilelekile ekulawuleni le nqubo.
- I-Circadian Rhythm: Kalula nje, leli 'iwashi lezinto eziphilayo' lomzimba wethu. Leli washi lilawula ukuthi silala nini, sivuka nini, nokuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba wethu kanye nomfutho wegazi kushintsha kanjani ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku. Ulwazi mayelana nokukhanya okuya ebuchosheni nge-optic nerve lusiza leli washi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku.
Yiziphi izimo ezithinta i-optic nerve?
Ngeshwa, kunezimo eziningana zezokwelapha ezingalimaza le nzwa ebalulekile. Ezinye zazo zibhalwe kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Glaucoma | Inzwa iyacindezelwa kancane kancane futhi yonakale ngenxa yokwanda komfutho woketshezi ngaphakathi kweso. |
| I-Optic Neuritis | Inzwa ivame ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala ngenxa yezinye izifo noma izifo ezizimele. |
| I-Ischemic Optic Neuropathy | Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwegazi emthanjeni. |
| I-Papilledema | Ukuvuvukala kwenzwa ye-optic ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu okuzungeze ubuchopho (isib. izimila zobuchopho, izingozi). |
| I-Optic Atrophy | Ngenxa yokuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi emthanjeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inzwa iyancipha, njengesihlahla esingenamanzi. |
| Ama-glioma e-Optic Nerve | Izimila ezikhula emthanjeni we-optic. Lezi zivame ukungabi nomdlavuza (ezingenabungozi). |
Izimpawu ezivamile zenkinga yenzwa yokukhanya
Uma kunenkinga nge-optic nerve, izimpawu ezahlukahlukene zingavela. Lezi zingaba zesikhashana noma ezihlala njalo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho, ungalokothi uzishaye indiva.
Ezinye zezimpawu ezivame ukubonakala yilezi:
- Umbono ofiphele.
- Ubunzima bokubona imibala noma ukubona imibala ngendlela ehlukile.
- Ukubona amabala amnyama noma izikhala emkhakheni wokubona (Amabala Ayizimpumputhe) .
- Ubuhlungu bamehlo, ikakhulukazi uma uhambisa amehlo.
- Ukubona izinto ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa (Double Vision / Diplopia) .
- Ukubona ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo (i-Photopsias) .
- Ukwehla kokubona okuzungezile.
- Ukuncipha okungazelelwe noma ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele.
Singayivikela kanjani inzwa yethu yokubona?
Kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuvikela le nzwa eyigugu kanye nokubona kwethu.
- Thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo: Ngisho noma kungadingeki ugqoke izibuko, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka kungasiza ekutholeni izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma kusenesikhathi.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukulawula isisindo somzimba kuzuzisa impilo yonke kanye namehlo.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okuqukethe amavithamini (ikakhulukazi amavithamini B) kanye namaminerali (isib. ithusi) abalulekile emithanjeni enempilo.
- Lawula ezinye izifo: Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme , zilawule kahle ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela wakho.Kubaluleke kakhulu. Lezi zifo zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni nasemgogodleni we-optic.
- Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema nokusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi kulimaza imithambo yegazi ethambile enikeza igazi emthanjeni we-optic.
- Vikela amehlo akho nekhanda lakho: Gqoka izigqoko zokuzivikela kanye nezibuko zokuphepha lapho udlala imidlalo, usebenzisa imishini, futhi ugibela amabhayisikili.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko kancane kancane ekuboneni kwakho, ubuhlungu bamehlo, noma umbono ofiphele, bona udokotela wakho noma udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Kodwa-ke, uma ubona ushintsho olungazelelwe ekuboneni noma ekulahlekelweni umbono, ungakushayi indiva. Kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (ETU) ngokushesha.
Lokhu kuxhumana okumangalisayo phakathi kwamehlo ethu nobuchopho bethu, i-optic nerve, kuyinto esivame ukuyishaya indiva. Kodwa ukugcina le nzwa iphilile kubalulekile ukuze sijabulele ubuhle bezimpilo zethu. Uma unenkinga ngokubona kwakho, ungalokothi unqikaze ukukhuluma nodokotela ngakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Inzwa yokubona 'iyintambo' ebaluleke kakhulu ethwala lokho amehlo ethu akubonayo aye ebuchosheni.
- Ungalokothi ungazinaki izinguquko embonweni, ikakhulukazi ezivele zivele. Kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi.
- Ukulawulwa kahle kwezimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kuthinta ngqo impilo yamehlo akho.
- Ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo, izimo eziningi ezithinta i-optic nerve zingatholakala kusenesikhathi futhi zelashwe.
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