Unemibuzo mayelana ne-Schizophrenia? Kuyini 'i-Paranoid Schizophrenia'? Ake sikuchaze konke!

Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi 'Paranoid Schizophrenia', akunjalo? Mhlawumbe othile ukutshelile ngalo. Kodwa bewazi, odokotela abasalisebenzisi kakhulu lelo gama. Ngakho-ke iyini ngempela iSchizophrenia? Ingabe kuyinto okufanele uyesabe ngempela? Ake sixoxe ngayo namuhla ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Ingabe igama elithi 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' alisasetshenziswa? Pho-ke iyini iSchizophrenia?

Kalula nje, igama elithi 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' igama elidala odokotela abangasalisebenzisi. Esikhathini esidlule, leli gama lalisetshenziswa ukuchaza uhlobo lwe-schizophrenia. Okusho ukuthi, abantu ababebonisa izimpawu ezazihlanganisa ukusola okukhulu ukuthi abanye babefuna ukubalimaza (paranoia) noma ukukholelwa ezintweni ababengenakuzamukela ngisho nalapho betshelwa ukuthi azilona iqiniso ('ukukhohlisa').

Kodwa manje, njengoba isayensi yezokwelapha ithuthukile, lolu hlobo lwesigaba lushintshile. Ngo-2013, lapho i-American Psychiatric Association ivuselela incwadi yayo yokuxilonga, ethi 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition' (DSM-5), kwathi ngo-2019, i-World Health Organisation yavuselela uhlelo lwayo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwezifo, i-'International Classification of Diseases 11th edition' (ICD-11), basusa lolu hlobo olubizwa ngokuthi 'Paranoid Schizophrenia.'

Odokotela manje babheka i-schizophrenia njengenye yezimo eziningana ezibizwa ngokuthi i-psychosis, lapho ingqondo ilahlekelwa khona ukuxhumana neqiniso. Okusho ukuthi, yisifo esisodwa esikhulu, esinezimpawu eziningi ezahlukene. Asihlukaniswanga sibe izinhlobo ezincane njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili.

Ubani ongaba nalesi simo? Sivame kangakanani?

I-Schizophrenia ivame ukuqala kwabesilisa abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-25. Kwabesifazane, ivame ukuqala phakathi kweminyaka engu-25 no-35. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi ithinta uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela. Izinhlangothi zombili zingayihlakulela. I-Schizophrenia ayivamile ezinganeni ezincane, kodwa iyenzeka. Ngokuvamile ingaba nzima kakhulu.

Lesi akusona isifo sansuku zonke, kodwa yisifo abantu abaningi abake bezwa ngaso. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, cishe abantu abangu-85 kwabangu-10,000 bangase babe nalesi simo empilweni yabo. Emhlabeni wonke, cishe amacala amasha angu-2.77 lakh atholakala minyaka yonke.

Kwenzekani emzimbeni nasengqondweni lapho kuvela isifo sengqondo esibi?

I-Schizophrenia yisifo sengqondo esithinta indlela izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho bakho ezisebenza ngayo. Ithinta kakhulu indlela ocabanga ngayo, okhumbula ngayo, futhi ohlangabezana ngayo nezinto. Abantu abane-schizophrenia banenkinga yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokho okungokoqobo nalokho okungelona iqiniso. Bangase babone futhi bezwe izinto ezingezona iqiniso (imibono engalungile) futhi bakholelwe ngokuqinile ezintweni ezingezona iqiniso (ukukhohlisa). Bangase babe nokucabanga okungahlelekile futhi bangakwazi ukucabanga kahle.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-Schizophrenia?

I-Schizophrenia ivame ukuqhubeka ngezigaba ezintathu. Ngesikhathi sesigaba esibi kakhulu salesi sifo, ungase ubhekane okungenani nesinye salezi zimpawu ezinhlanu eziyinhloko:

• Ukukhohlisa: Lezi yizinkolelo ezingamanga ezingenakuguqulwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunezizathu noma ubufakazi obuningi kangakanani obuvezwayo.
• Ukuphupha izinto ezingekho: Okuhlangenwe nakho kokubona, ukuzwa, noma ukuzizwa izinto ezingekho ngempela.
• Inkulumo edidekile noma engaqondani: Izinto ezishiwoyo zingase zingaxhumani. Amagama angenangqondo angasetshenziswa.
• Ukuziphatha okungahlelekile noma okungajwayelekile: Izinto ezifana nokwenza izinto ngendlela exakile, ukungakhathaleli ukuhlanzeka komuntu.
• Izimpawu ezimbi: Lokhu ukuncipha kwezinto ezivame ukulindeleka kumuntu, njengokuveza imizwa, isithakazelo, kanye nokuxhumana nabantu.

I-paranoia nokuthi ibonakala kanjani

Nakuba ngaphambili yayibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Paranoid Schizophrenia', i-paranoia ivame ukubonakala nge-schizophrenia. Le paranoia iyisibonelo sokungathembi abanye, ukholelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu uzama ukukulimaza, futhi uziphethe ngendlela efanele.

Lokhu kusola kuvela kakhulu ngezimpawu ezimbili ezibizwa ngokuthi `ukukhohlisa` (izinkolelo ezingamanga) kanye `nokubhuqa` (ukubona/ukuzwa izinto ezingekho).

• Ukukhohlisa: Lezi yizo engizikhulumile ekuqaleni, izinkolelo ezingamanga ezingenakuguqulwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubufakazi bungakanani obuvezwayo. Ukukhohlisa okuhambisana nokungabaza kuvame ukuba yizinhlobo "zokushushisa". Okusho ukuthi, bakholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi othile uzama ukubalimaza, ukuba nomthelela omubi empilweni yabo. Cabanga nje, othile ucabanga ukuthi othile udlisa ukudla kwakhe ubuthi, noma ukuthi omakhelwane bayamceba ebusuku. Lokhu kuyinkohliso.
• Ukubona izinto ezingekho ngempela. Uma umuntu ebona izinto ezingekho ngempela, akakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi azikho ngempela. Lokhu kuvame ukuqinisa imibono ekhohliwe ngaphambilini. Isibonelo, umuntu angase ezwe othile emmemeza, bese ecabanga ukuthi, "O, lowo muntu uzama ukungilimaza."

Ukungazi kahle isimo sakho (`Anosognosia`)

Esinye isibonakaliso esivamile se-schizophrenia yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Anosognosia." Lokhu kungachazwa kalula ngokuthi "ukungazi ngesimo sakho." Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubuchopho bomuntu abukwazi ukuqonda ukuthi unesifo, noma ngabe unezimpawu noma obunye ubufakazi bokuthi unaso. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu nge-schizophrenia, yingakho abantu abane-schizophrenia bevame ukwenqaba ukwelashwa futhi benqabe ukwamukela ukuthi banesifo.

Yini ebangela i-schizophrenia? Ingabe zikhona izimbangela ezithile?

Thuthukisa i-schizophreniaAkukho mbangela eyodwa eqinisekile okwamanje. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi izici eziningana zidlala indima. Kodwa-ke, awukwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi uzoba nesifo sengqondo ngenxa nje yokuthi unanoma yiziphi zalezi zici. Bathole izimbangela ezintathu eziyinhloko zesifo sengqondo:

• Ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali ebuchosheni bakho: Lezi izinguquko kumakhemikhali (isib., ama-neurotransmitter) asetshenziswa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho.
• Izinkinga zobuchopho zokuzalwa: Izinkinga ezithile ezithinta ukukhula kobuchopho ngaphambi kokuba uzalwe, ngesikhathi usesesibelethweni.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho: Izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho bakho zisebenza ndawonye. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukuwohloka kwalezi zixhumanisi kungaholela ku-schizophrenia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sengqondo. Lezi zici eziyingozi zifaka phakathi izinguquko zofuzo ezizuzwe kubazali, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile, izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa. Kodwa-ke, azikho izimbangela noma izimbangela ezithile ezitholakele zalesi sifo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-schizophrenia ayisona isifo esithelelanayo. Ayisabalali isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye.

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?

I-Schizophrenia ivame ukuhlonzwa uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo, njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo. Basebenzisa inhlanganisela yezindlela namathuluzi ukuyihlonza. Lezi zindlela zifaka phakathi ukuhlaziya umlando wakho wezokwelapha nowomuntu siqu, ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho nezimpawu zakho, kanye nokubuka ukuziphatha kwakho kanye nokusebenza kwakho.

Zonke lezi zindlela zidinga ukuhlanganiswa ukuze kutholakale isifo sengqondo. Ngoba, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kudingeka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Okungenani izimpawu ezimbili kweziyisihlanu eziyinhloko okukhulunywe ngazo ekuqaleni kumele zibe khona.
• Lezi zimpawu eziyinhloko kumele zihlale okungenani inyanga yonke . Futhi, umphumela ophelele kumele uhlale okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha .
• Kumelwe ukuba kube nokuphazamiseka empilweni yakho yomphakathi noma emsebenzini .

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo?

Kunezivivinyo eziningi ezingenziwa ukusiza ekuxilongeni i-schizophrenia. Nakuba kungekho noyedwa kulezi zivivinyo ongaxilonga ngqo i-schizophrenia, zingasiza ekususeni ezinye izimo noma izinkinga ezingase zibangele izimpawu ezifanayo.

Ezinye zezivivinyo ezingenziwa yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuskena kwe-CT kanye nokuskena kwe-MRI.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, umchamo, kanye noketshezi lomgogodla (`Umpompi Womgogodla`): Lokhu kubheka izinto ezifana noshintsho lwamakhemikhali oketshezini lomzimba, ubuthi bensimbi esindayo, kanye nezifo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kobuchopho:I-electroencephalogram (i-EEG) ihlaziya futhi iqophe umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho bakho. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izimo ezifana nesifo sokuwa.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha lokhu? Ingabe ingelapheka?

I-Schizophrenia yisimo esingelashwa futhi silawulwe, kodwa asinakwelashwa. Abanye abantu bangalulama ngokuphelele futhi bangalokothi baphinde babuye. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe babhekisela kubantu abanjalo ngokuthi "basesimeni esihle" ngoba akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi bazophinde babuye yini.

I-schizophrenia ivame ukwelashwa ngenhlanganisela yezindlela eziningana, kungaba ngokuhlanganiswa noma ngasikhathi sinye. Imithi, ukwelashwa kwengqondo, kanye namasu okuzilawula yiwona abaluleke kakhulu. Konke lokhu okuthathu, uma kusetshenziswa kahle nangokungaguquguquki, kungasiza ekulawuleni lesi simo. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kwandisa amathuba okuba nomphumela omuhle.

Yimiphi imithi noma izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo?

Imithi iyisisekelo sezinhlelo zokwelapha i-schizophrenia. Abantu abane-schizophrenia bavame ukuthola ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisa imiphumela yemithi futhi zibasize.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemithi esetshenziswa ukwelapha i-schizophrenia: `imithi ejwayelekile yokulwa nesifo sengqondo` kanye `nemithi engavamile yokulwa nesifo sengqondo`. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imithi ingasiza ekwelapheni i-schizophrenia ngokuqondile noma inciphise imiphumela emibi yemithi yokulwa nesifo sengqondo.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha noma izindlela ezingasiza:

• Ukwelapha Ngengqondo: Ukwelapha ngempilo yengqondo kusiza abantu abane-schizophrenia ukuqonda nokubhekana nesimo sabo. Kungasiza futhi ekuphatheni ezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezingase zibangelwe noma zihambisane ne-schizophrenia.
• Ukwelashwa nge-electroconvulsive (ECT): Lokhu kusiza kakhulu kwi-schizophrenia engaphenduli emithini, noma lapho umuntu esengozini yokuzilimaza yena noma abanye ngenxa yezimpawu ezinzima ze-psychosis.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani noma ngiphathe kanjani izimpawu?

Akufanele neze uzihlole ukuthi une-schizophrenia, noma umuntu omthandayo nawe, njengoba lesi akusona isimo esilula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusihlola. Kudinga ukuqeqeshwa kanye nolwazi ukuze usihlole ngokunembile. Futhi, izimpawu zalesi sifo zingavela kwezinye izimo, njenge-'Paranoid Personality Disorder' noma i-'Delusional Disorder'. Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu, udokotela kufanele ahlole lesi sifo.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi uzozizwa ungcono ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa, udokotela wakho ungumthombo wolwazi ongcono kakhulu. Uzokwazi ukukunikeza isilinganiso esinembile, ecabangela izici empilweni yakho ezingathinta ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa. Uzokutshela nangezinye izindlela zokwelapha uma ukwelashwa kokuqala kungaphumeleli.

Khumbula, i-schizophrenia yisimo esivelela ngokungazelelwe. Ngakho-ke, asinakuvinjelwa noma ingozi yokusithola ingancishiswa.

Uma nginalesi simo, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

I-Schizophrenia yisimo esingaphazamisa kakhulu impilo yomuntu ngoba sithinta ubudlelwano bakhe neqiniso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu one-schizophrenia unobunzima bokwazi ukuthi yini eyiqiniso nokuthi yini engamanga. Kungaba yinto eyesabekayo kakhulu futhi edidayo.

Uma umuntu enokukhohlisa kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho kanye novalo okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla, kuvamile ukuba azizwe esaba futhi engathembi abanye. Umuntu onesifo sengqondo angase akholelwe ngephutha ukuthi labo abazama ukumsiza bazama ukumlimaza.

Ngokwelashwa, i-schizophrenia ingaphathwa ngezinga elikhulu. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, noma uma ukwelashwa kubambezeleka noma kuyekwa, abantu abane-schizophrenia banamathuba amaningi okulwa nemiphumela yalesi simo. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, ngisho neyingozi, empilweni yabo. Bangase babe nenkinga yokugcina ubudlelwano kanye nokugcina umsebenzi. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokulahlekelwa amakhaya abo kanye nokuhlukaniswa nabantu. Abantu abane-schizophrenia nabo basengozini enkulu yokuzibulala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa akugcini nje ngokusiza, kodwa futhi kungasindisa impilo.

I-Schizophrenia yisimo esingapheli impilo yonke. Abanye abantu bangase babe nesiqephu esisodwa kuphela se-schizophrenia empilweni yabo bese beyeka. Kodwa-ke, odokotela babheka lezi zigameko "njengeziphumuzayo" kunokuba zelapheke noma zixazululeke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu zingabuya kungazelelwe.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma unesifo sengqondo, ukuzinakekela nokuphatha ukugula kwakho kuyinto ongayenza. Ikakhulukazi uma wakha ubuhlobo obuqinile nobethembayo nodokotela wakho kanye nabathandekayo bakho. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazenza ukuze uzinakekele:

• Thatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe (ungayeki ukuyithatha ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho).
• Bona udokotela wakho njalo (lokhu kuhlangana kuzokusiza ukuthi wakhe imithi noma uhlelo lokwelashwa olukufanele kakhulu).
• Unganaki noma ugweme izimpawu zakho.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa utshwala nezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa (lokhu kungenza izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu noma kubangele ezinye izinkinga).
• Ungesabi ukucela usizo. Yakha ubudlelwano nabantu othembekile – ikakhulukazi abathandekayo bakho kanye nodokotela wakho. Ungazihlukanisi nabo.

Ngaphezu kwezinsuku otshelwa ngazo ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wakho, bonana nodokotela wakho uma ubona ushintsho ezimpawini zakho noma ushintsho ekusebenzeni kahle kwemithi yakho.

Uma unemicabango yokuzilimaza, ukuzibulala, noma ukulimaza abanye, iya esibhedlela noma ushayele inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ngenzenjani uma othandekayo wami ebonisa izimpawu ze-Schizophrenia noma isimo esifanayo?

Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abane-schizophrenia abakwazi ukubona izimpawu noma isimo sabo, bavame ukungacabangi ukuthi badinga usizo lwezokwelapha noma ukwelashwa. Lokhu kungaba yinto ekhungathekisayo futhi eyethusa kokubili kumuntu onezimpawu kanye nalabo abazinakekelayo.

Uma ubona ukuthi othandekayo wakho ubonisa izimpawu ze-schizophrenia noma isimo esifanayo, ungazama ukumsiza ngalezi zindlela:

• Buza ukuthi ungasiza kanjani. Ngokulalela nokunikeza usizo lwakho, ungagcina imizila yokuxhumana ivulekile. Kuphinde kubasize bazizwe bexhumene nabanye.
• Bakhuthaze ukuthi babone umuntu ongasiza. Ukwelashwa kwe-schizophrenia, ikakhulukazi imithi, kungathuthukisa izimpawu zomuntu. Ezimweni eziningi, lokho kukodwa kwanele ukubenza baqaphele ukuthi banesifo esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.
• Ungahluleli noma uphikisane. Abantu abane-schizophrenia banenkinga yokuhlukanisa phakathi kweqiniso namanga. Gwema ukubahlulela noma ukuzama ukubakholisa ukuthi babhekene nokubona izinto ezingekho noma ukukhohlisa. Lokhu kungenza balahlekelwe ukukwethemba futhi kwandise imizwa yabo yokusola.
• Hlala uzolile. Intukuthelo nokukhungatheka kungathinta kabi ubuhlobo bakho nomuntu omthandayo onesifo sokuqaqamba kwengqondo. Bangacasuka kalula nasezindaweni ezinomsindo noma eziphithizelayo. Zama ukukhetha izindawo ezithule nezizolile. Yenza konke ongakwenza ukuze ubenze bazizwe bephephile futhi bekhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Thola usizo esimweni esiphuthumayo. Uma umuntu onesifo sengqondo ekhuluma ngokuzilimaza yena noma abanye, noma uma ebonisa ukusola okukhulu, ukucasuka, noma eziphatha ngobudlova, kufanele ushayele inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya:

Nakuba igama elithi 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' liyigama elidala lalesi simo, i-paranoia iseyingxenye evamile yezimpawu abantu ababhekana nazo. I-Schizophrenia iyisimo esididayo, esivame ukwesabisa lapho abantu belahlekelwa khona ukuxhumana neqiniso futhi bengakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokho okungokoqobo nalokho okungekho.

Uma abantu beba nokungabaza, bangase bakuthole kunzima ukuthemba labo abafuna ukubasiza. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuthola nokwelapha lesi simo. Kodwa-ke, ngosizo lwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi imithi, abantu abane-schizophrenia bangagwema izinkinga ezinkulu futhi baphile impilo eyanelisayo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma othandekayo wakho ningaba nalezi zimpawu, sicela ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha. Kuyinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza.

I- Schizophrenia, i-Paranoid Schizophrenia, Impilo Yengqondo, I-Psychosis, Ukukhohliswa, Ukungaqondi, Ukwelashwa, i-Anosognosia