Imfihlo yokuphila kwethu: Masifunde konke ngegazi! (Igazi)

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani igazi libaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu? Asikwazi ngempela ukuphila ngaphandle kwalo. Igazi lifana namafutha emotweni noma amanzi endlini. Uma umzimba wethu ufana nomshini omangalisayo, igazi liyisithako esibalulekile ukuze lowo mshini usebenze. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalolu ketshezi olumangalisayo, igazi, ngendlela elula ongayiqonda. Ake sibone ukuthi liyini igazi, lenzani, nokuthi kungani libaluleke kangaka ezimpilweni zethu.

Liyini igazi? Kungani liyigugu kangaka kithi?

Kalula nje, igazi liwuketshezi olubomvu olugeleza emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa akulona amanzi kuphela. Igazi lenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, lithwala izinto esizidingayo ukuze siphile kuwo wonke amaseli amancane emzimbeni wethu, futhi lisusa izinto esingazidingi kulawo maseli . Cabanga ngegazi njengesevisi yokuthumela esheshayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Igazi linemisebenzi eminingana eyinhloko:

• Ukusatshalaliswa Komoya-mpilo : Umoya-mpilo ongena emaphashini lapho siphefumula uthwalwa yigazi emzimbeni wonke. Njengoba nje sidinga izinkuni ukuze sibase umlilo, amangqamuzana omzimba wethu adinga umoya-mpilo ukuze asebenze.
• Ukusatshalaliswa Kwezakhamzimba: Igazi lithwala izakhamzimba (isib., i-glucose , amavithamini , namaminerali ) ezigaywayo futhi zimuncwe ekudleni esikudlayo ziye kuwo wonke amaseli. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kudla, amaseli awanamandla futhi awakwazi ukukhula.
• Ukususa imfucuza: Igazi liphinde lisize ekuthwaleni imfucuza ekhiqizwa amaseli, njenge -carbon dioxide , ibuyele emaphashini, ezinso nasemathunjini ukuze ikhishwe emzimbeni.
• Ukuvikelwa ezifweni : Uma amagciwane engena emizimbeni yethu, kunezinhlobo ezikhethekile zamaseli egazini ezisiza ekulweni nawo futhi zisivikele ezifweni.
• Ukuthuthwa kwama-hormone: Igazi lithwala izithunywa zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-hormone, akhiqizwa engxenyeni ethile yomzimba, aye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba futhi asiza ukulawula imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene.
• Ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba: Igazi liphinde lisize ekugcineni izinga lokushisa lomzimba wethu lisezingeni elifanele.

Ngakho uyaqonda, akunjalo? Igazi aliyona nje into ebomvu, liyinto ebalulekile ekusindeni kwethu!

Igazi lenziwe ngani? (Ukwakheka Kwegazi)

Manje ake sibone ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ukuze kwakhiwe leli gazi eliyigugu. Kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko egazini. Enye ingxenye ewuketshezi , kanti enye izinhlobo zamaseli antanta kulolo ketshezi.

Kuyini i-Plasma?

Le ngxenye ewuketshezi yegazi yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-plasma . Ngokuvamile iwuketshezi oluphuzi. Le plasma yakha ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yegazi. I-plasma ayiwona amanzi nje kuphela. Iqukethe izinto eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu:

• Amanzi: I-plasma ikakhulukazi amanzi.
• Amaprotheni: I-Plasma iqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaprotheni, njenge-albumin, i-globulin, ne-fibrinogen. Lawa enza imisebenzi eminingi emzimbeni. Isibonelo, ahlanganisa amaprotheni asiza ukujiya kwegazi, ama-antibodies alwa nezifo, kanye namaprotheni asiza ukugcina uketshezi emzimbeni.
• Izakhamzimba: Izinto ezifana ne-glucose, ama-amino acid, ama-fatty acid, amavithamini, kanye namaminerali esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili nazo zithuthwa ziye emangqamuzaneni nge-plasma.
• Ama-hormone: I-plasma ithwala nama-hormone akhiqizwa yizindlala ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni wonke.
• Imfucuza: I-Plasma ithwala nemikhiqizo yemfucuza efana ne-urea kanye ne-carbon dioxide ekhishwa emaseli iye ezithweni ezifanele.

Cabanga nge-plasma njengesobho nje. Njengamanzi, incibilikise zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezikuyo eziyenza inambitheke futhi ibe nezakhiwo.

Amasosha egazini: Ake sifunde ngezinhlobo zamaseli egazi?

Manje ake sixoxe ngamaseli egazi antanta oketshezini olubizwa nge-plasma. Lawa angabasizi abancane abasiza igazi ukuthi lenze imisebenzi ethile. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamaseli egazi.

Amaseli Egazi Abomvu: Abangane ababomvu abanika umzimba impilo

Lezi yizinhlobo zamaseli anika igazi umbala obomvu. Abizwa nangokuthi ama-Red Blood Cells , noma ama-RBC ngamafuphi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wala maseli ukuthutha umoya-mpilo .

• Iphrotheni enkulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Haemoglobin: Kukhona iphrotheni ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-Haemoglobin ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Yilokhu okudonsela umoya-mpilo njengemagnethi. Uma siphefumula ngamaphaphu ethu, i-haemoglobin ibamba umoya-mpilo bese iwuthwala wonke umzimba kanye negazi, iwusakaze kuwo wonke amaseli. Futhi, le-haemoglobin isiza ukuthwala ingxenye ye-carbon dioxide ekhishwe emaselini ibuyele emaphashini.
• Kungani uzizwa ukhathele uma amangqamuzana akho abomvu ephansi? Uyakhumbula ukuthi odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bathi "unegazi eliphansi"? Lokho ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi inani lamangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi noma izinga le-hemoglobin liphansi. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-anemia .Kubizwa nangokuthi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amangqamuzana omzimba awatholi umoya-mpilo owanele, yingakho ukukhathala, umuzwa wobuthakathaka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuba nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Amaseli Egazi Amhlophe: Abaqaphi Bomzimba Wethu

Lawa maseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-White Blood Cells , noma ama-WBC ngamafuphi. Naphezu kwegama lawo "elimhlophe", lawa ayindlela yokuzivikela yomzimba yangempela. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukulwa namagciwane (njengamabhaktheriya namagciwane) angena emzimbeni futhi asivikele ezifweni .

• Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli amhlophe egazi: Amaseli amhlophe egazi awafani. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zawo (isib. ama-neutrophil, ama-lymphocyte, ama-monocyte). Njengoba nje kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli ebutho, uhlobo ngalunye lwamaseli amhlophe egazi lulwa namagciwane ngezindlela ezahlukene. Amanye awo agwinya amagciwane, kanti amanye enza ama-antibodies ukuze awabhubhise.
• Kwenzekani uma sithola umkhuhlane? Uma imizimba yethu igula, umkhuhlane awuvele nje uvele. Kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi angaphakathi emzimbeni aqale impi. Uma igciwane lingena, inani lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi liyakhula futhi alwa nalelo gciwane. Ngenxa yaleyo mpi, sithola izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba.

Ama-Platelet: Umlingo omncane owenza amahlule egazi

Lezi yizingxenye ezincane kakhulu zamaseli egazi. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-Platelet ngesiNgisi. Umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko ukusiza ekumiseni ukopha uma kwenzeka . Okusho ukuthi, ukusiza ukujiya kwegazi.

• Ukopha kuyaphela kanjani uma uthola inxeba? Uyakhumbula ukuthi wawunenxeba elincane futhi wopha kancane, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana layeka lodwa? Lawa ma-platelet ayasiza ngalokho. Lapho nje kuvela inxeba, ama-platelet ayahlangana lapho, anamathele ndawonye, ​​bese eqala ukuvala inxeba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ahlangana nephrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-fibrinogen ku-plasma, akha i-mesh njenge-clot, evimba ukopha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukujiya kwegazi.
• Kwenzekani uma ama-platelet ephansi? Kwezinye izifo, isibonelo, ezimweni ezifana nomkhuhlane we-dengue, inani lama-platelet lingaba liphansi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungaba nzima ukuyeka ukopha ngisho nasenxebeni elincane. Yingakho odokotela behlala bekhathazekile ngenani lama-platelet ezifweni ezifana ne-dengue.

Bheka ukuthi zingaki izinto ezimangalisayo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwegazi! Kufana nedolobha elincane, lapho umuntu ngamunye esebenzisana khona ukugcina lonke uhlelo lusebenza kahle.

Ifektri yokwenza igazi ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu: I-Bone Marrow

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi igazi elibaluleke kangaka likhiqizwa kanjani emizimbeni yethu. Indawo eyinhloko lapho igazi likhiqizwa khona umnkantsha wamathambo ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu.. Umnkantsha, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwamathambo amakhulu (isib., izinqe, izimbambo), ufana nefektri eyenza wonke lawa maseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet. Amaseli akhethekile alesi sihlahla somnkantsha yiwo ahlukana futhi akhule abe yizinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli egazi. Ngakho-ke ukugcina umnkantsha uphilile kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yegazi lethu.

Ezinye izinto ezimbalwa ezincane ngegazi

Uma kukhulunywa ngegazi, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzazi.

• Ukunikela ngegazi kusindisa izimpilo: Ubuwazi ukuthi ukunikela ngegazi kungasindisa impilo yomunye umuntu? Iziguli zidinga igazi ezingozini, ekuhlinzweni, nasezifweni ezithile. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto enhle ngomuntu ophilile ukunikela ngegazi.
• Ukuze kube nohlelo lwegazi olunempilo: Ukuze sigcine igazi lethu liphilile, sidinga ukudla ukudla okunempilo (ikakhulukazi ukudla okunothe nge-iron, i-vitamin B12, kanye ne-folic acid), siphuze amanzi amaningi, futhi sivivinye umzimba. Khona-ke umongo wethu ungawenza igazi libe ngcono futhi igazi likwazi ukwenza umsebenzi walo ngendlela efanele.
• Amaqembu Egazi: Akuzona igazi lomuntu wonke elifanayo. Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zegazi: u-A, u-B, u-AB, no-O. Kukhona ne-Rh positive kanye ne-Rh negative. Uma unikela ngegazi kothile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zegazi ziyahambisana yini.

Ukusebenzelana kwethu kwansuku zonke negazi

Sisebenzisana negazi ngezindlela ezahlukene ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke.

• Ukuklwebheka okuncane, ukusikeka: Lapho isandla noma unyawo lusikwa, noma lapho ummese usika, kuphuma igazi. Khona-ke singabona ngokucacile umsebenzi wama-platelet.
• Ukopha Kwamakhala: Ngezinye izikhathi izingane ezincane zingaba nokopha kwamakhala. Ngokuvamile akuyona into embi kangako, kodwa uma kwenzeka njalo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Uma sigula, udokotela uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi, akunjalo? Leso sampula segazi singasitshela okuningi ngenani lethu lamaseli abomvu egazi, inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi, inani lama-platelet, izinga le-hemoglobin, kanye nezinga likashukela. Kungaba usizo olukhulu ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni lesi sifo.

Ngakho-ke, umyalezo wokugcina okufanele uwuthathe ekhaya uthi:

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sikhulume kakhulu ngegazi namuhla. Ngithemba ukuthi usunokuqonda okungcono ngokuthi liyini igazi, ukuthi lenzani emizimbeni yethu, nokuthi igazi lenziwa ngani.

Khumbula:

* Igazi libalulekile ekusekeleni izimpilo zethu .

* Ithwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba emzimbeni wonke, isusa imfucuza , futhi ivikele ezifweni .

* Igazi lakhiwe yingxenye yoketshezi ebizwa ngokuthi i-plasma , futhi kunezinhlobo zamaseli abizwa ngokuthi amaseli abomvu egazi , amaseli amhlophe egazi , nama -platelet .

* Ingxenye ngayinye inomsebenzi othize futhi obaluleke kakhulu .

* Imikhuba emihle yokudla kanye nendlela yokuphila kubalulekile ukugcina igazi lethu liphilile.

Kuyamangalisa ukucabanga ukuthi unesimiso segazi esimangalisayo kangaka emzimbeni wakho, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu futhi sinakekele impilo yethu. Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngegazi, ungesabi ukubona udokotela bese ukhuluma naye.

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