Uke wezwa ngegciwane le-CMV? (Cytomegalovirus - CMV) Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi lezi zinto!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngegciwane elivame kubantu abaningi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lingaba yingozi. Leli yi-cytomegalovirus, noma i-'CMV' ngamafuphi. Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe ngaleli gama. Kodwa sonke kungenzeka ukuthi singenwe yileli gciwane ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yethu.

Kuyini i-'CMV` `(Cytomegalovirus)`? Ingabe iyingozi ngempela?

Kalula nje, leli gciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-'CMV' lihlobene eduze negciwane elibangela i-chickenpox, kanye negciwane elibangela i-'mononucleosis' (i-mono). Lokhu kutheleleka kwe-'CMV' kuvame kakhulu. Eqinisweni, iningi lethu lizokuthola ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yethu.

Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi abantu abaningi abangenwe yi-CMV ababonisi zimpawu. Noma, uma bebonisa izimpawu, banezimpawu ezimbalwa nje ezincane. Ngisho noma ingane enempilo ithola ukutheleleka kwe-CMV, akuvamile ukuba kubi kakhulu. Uma kuvela izimpawu, ngokuvamile ziba zincane kakhulu futhi ziba ngcono ngemva kwesikhashana.

Kodwa kukhona ingozi encane lapha. Ikakhulukazi, uma umama ethelelekile ngaleli gciwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lingabangela izinkinga enganeni esibelethweni. Futhi, i-CMV ingaba yinkinga kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.

Yiziphi izimpawu uma umntwana osesiswini etheleleke nge-CMV?

Manje, uma umama ethola igciwane le-CMV esibelethweni, okungukuthi, uma kuvela ukutheleleka kwe-CMV kokuzalwa, izimpawu zingavela ngezindlela ezahlukene. Esikhathini esiningi, izingane ezithelelekile ngale ndlela azibonisi zimpawu ngemva kokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane zingase zibhekane nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ingazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Ingane ingazalwa inesisindo esincane futhi inosayizi omncane.
• I-jaundice ingase ivele.
• Isibindi kanye nobende kungase kukhule.
• Ikhanda lingase libe lincane kunelivamile (i-microcephaly).
• Izinkinga zokudla zingase zivele lapho uncelisa noma udla.

Lezi zingane zisengozini yokuba nezinkinga zokuzwa, izinkinga zokubona, izinkinga zezinzwa, nezinkinga zokukhula esikhathini esizayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngisho nezinsana ezingenazo izimpawu ezisobala zingaba nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuzelwe. Eqinisweni, i-CMV iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungeyona i-genetic lapho zizalwa.

Kwenzekani uma izingane zithola i-CMV ngemva kobuntwana?

Uma izingane ezincane zingenwa yi-CMV ngemva kwesikhathi sokuzalwa, ngokuvamile akubangeli ukugula okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane zingase zibe ne-pneumonia, i-hepatitis, noma ukuqubuka kwesikhumba.

Uma izingane ezindala kanye nentsha zitheleleka, zingaba nezimpawu ezifana ne-"Mononucleosis" (noma "mono"). Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhathala, izinhlungu zemisipha, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umkhuhlane, kanye nokuvuvukala kwesibindi kanye ne-spleen. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile azibi zimbi kakhulu futhi ziyaphela cishe emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-CMV?

Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, i-CMV ingaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu kwabanye abantu. Ikakhulukazi:

• Iziguli ezike zafakelwa izitho zomzimba.
• Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kakhulu, njengalabo abane-AIDS noma i-HIV, noma labo abelashwa ngamakhemikhali omdlavuza.

Uma laba bantu bengenwa yi-CMV, kungathinta amaphaphu, isimiso sezinzwa, indlela yokugaya ukudla, kanye namehlo. Kwezinye izimo, kungabangela ngisho nobumpumputhe.

Ukutheleleka kwe-CMV kungahlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Manje sesiyazi ukuthi i-CMV ayibangeli izimpawu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma izimpawu zivela, ukuthi zihlala isikhathi esingakanani zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Lokhu kuncike ezicini ezifana nokuthi ukutheleleka kwenzeke kanjani, iminyaka yomuntu, kanye nempilo yakhe iyonke.

Cabanga ukuthi uma ukutheleleka okukhulu kwe-CMV kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuzalwa, kungabangela izinkinga zokukhula impilo yonke. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane encane ithola ukutheleleka kwe-CMV, ngokuvamile kungaxazululeka emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu, ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesikhathi eside.

Kukhona elinye iphuzu elibalulekile lapha. Ngemva kokuba umuntu enaleli gciwane, igciwane lihlala emzimbeni, kodwa lisesimweni sokungalali ('dormant'), okusho ukuthi alisebenzi. Kodwa ngemva kwamasonto noma ngisho neminyaka, lingaphinde libe "lisebenze" futhi, okusho ukuthi lingaphinde livele. Ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kakhulu (isibonelo, abantu abane-"AIDS", noma labo abasebenzisa "i-chemotherapy"), uma igciwane liphinde lisebenze, lingabangela ukugula okukhulu. Kodwa kubantu abaningi, izimpawu ze-"CMV" azibuyi.

Ingabe i-CMV iyathelelana? Isakazeka kanjani?

Yebo, i-CMV iyathelelana impela. Kunezindlela eziningana ezingasakazeka ngazo. Umuntu one-CMV angadlulisela igciwane komunye umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezimpawu noma cha. Kodwa lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngokuxhumana eduze . Igciwane lisakazeka ngamathe, ubisi lwebele, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, isidoda, umchamo kanye nendle.

Manje cabanga ukuthi kwamanye amazwe, inani elincane lezingane litheleleka ngaleli gciwane ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umama uqala ukutheleleka nge-CMV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma ngoba ukutheleleka kwangaphambilini kuyaphinda kuvuke. Umama onegciwane angadlulisela igciwane enganeni yakhe ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngemva kokuzalwa.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, leli gciwane:

• Kungasakazeka ezikhungweni zokunakekela izingane noma ezindaweni zasenkulisa. Igciwane lingasakazeka phakathi kwezingane ngamathoyizi angcolile noma ngokuthintana ngqo.
• Kungatholakala emikhiqizweni yegazi nasezithweni ezinikelwe. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngemva kokumpontshelwa igazi noma ukufakelwa isitho. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela abantu abafakelwe isitho, futhi amabhange egazi anezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-CMV ngemikhiqizo yegazi.

Uthola kanjani ukuthi unesifo se-CMV?

Odokotela baxilonga ukutheleleka kwe-CMV ngokuhlola isampula yomphimbo womuntu, umchamo, igazi, noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba. Bangase futhi benze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze babheke ama-antibodies akhiqizwa amasosha omzimba ekuphenduleni ukutheleleka kwe-CMV. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa nezinye izivivinyo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ukutheleleka kwe-CMV?

Uma ingane enempilo iba nokutheleleka kwe-CMV, akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile okunconywayo.

Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka kungaba kubi kakhulu, kuze kube yingozi empilweni, kulaba bantu:

• Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ezinegciwane ngaphambi kokuzalwa.
• Iziguli ezifakelwa izitho zomzimba.
• Abantu abathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza.
• Izingane ezinezinkinga ezinkulu zokuzivikela komzimba njengengculaza.

Abantu abanalesi simo bavame ukwelashwa esibhedlela ngemithi yokulwa namagciwane efakwa emthanjeni (IV). Uma ukutheleleka sekulawulekile, imithi yokulwa namagciwane ephuzwa ngomlomo inganikezwa ekhaya. Ngenxa yokuthi le mithi yokulwa namagciwane ingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, odokotela bayayisebenzisa ngokuqapha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane.

Umuthi wokulwa namagciwane i-ganciclovir onikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) ungasiza ekulweni nokutheleleka kwe-CMV ezigulini ezifakelwe umongo wethambo. Akuvamile ukuthi umuntu anikezwe i-CMV-immune globulin ngaphambi kokufakelwa isitho.

Ingabe ukutheleleka kwe-CMV kungavinjelwa?

Okwamanje akukho muthi wokugomela ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-CMV. Kodwa-ke, ukugeza izandla kahle futhi ngokuvamile kunganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ku:

• Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nalabo abanethemba lokukhulelwa.
• Kulabo abasebenza ezikhungweni zokunakekela izingane (`abasebenzi bokunakekela izingane`).
• Noma ubani osondelene kakhulu nezingane ezincane.

Okunye ukugwema ukwabelana ngezinto zokudla nezingane ezincane kanye nokugwema ukusondelana nomuntu onesifo.

Uma umama enegciwane le-CMV, akufanele ayeke ukuncelisa ingane yakhe. Kukholelwa ukuthi izinzuzo zokuncelisa zidlula izingozi zokudlulisela igciwane le-CMV enganeni. Ngisho noma ukutheleleka kwenzeka, ingane ayinazo izimpawu eziningi.

Kulungile, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule nge-CMV?

Kulungile, ngithemba ukuthi unombono omuhle nge-'CMV' `(Cytomegalovirus)` kulokho esikuxoxile. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzikhumbule kafushane:

• I-CMV igciwane elivame kakhulu. Abantu abaningi bayayithola kodwa ababi nazo izimpawu ezinkulu.
• Kodwa-ke, kungabangela izinkinga ezinganeni ezisesibelethweni somama abakhulelwe kanye nalabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka. Ikakhulukazi, i-CMV iyimbangela enkulu yokukhubazeka kokuzwa kokuzalwa.
• Igciwane lidluliselwa ngokuxhumana eduze noketshezi lomzimba, njengamathe nomchamo.
• Ukugeza izandla njalo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela etholakalayo njengamanje. Omama abakhulelwe kanye nalabo abanezingane ezincane kufanele baqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu.
• Umama onengane ene-CMV akudingeki ayeke ukuncelisa.
• Uma unokungabaza, noma uma ingane yakho inezimpawu ezingavamile, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ungesabi, odokotela bazokusiza.

I - CMV, i-Cytomegalovirus, i-Cytomegalovirus, Ukukhulelwa, Ukutheleleka Kwezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa, Ukukhubazeka Kokuzwa, Ukuzivikela Emzimbeni